2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit2Cloning单元学案设计(26页word版)

2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit2Cloning单元学案设计(26页word版)

‎ 2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit2Cloning 单元学案设计 单元语法讲练：英语语法填空解题指导 本文章内容导读 一、动词(谓语/非谓语) 二、名词 三、代词 四、冠词 五、介词 六、连词(从属连词/并列连词) ‎ 七、情态动词 八、形容词/副词 九、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语 十、词形变化或者词性变化 十一、特殊句型（或固定短语） 十二、定语从句的引导词． 十三、状语从句 十四、名词性从句 十五、 时态、语态 十六、 非谓语动词和独立主格结构 十七、 倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构及其他 ‎ 语法填空的考查范围：‎ ‎1 语境(上下文）；‎ ‎2 语法： 动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词 固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。‎ 语法填空的能力要求：‎ ‎1.阅读/理解语篇的能力 2.分析句子结构的能力 ‎3.熟练运用语法的能力 4.单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等，对中下层考生来说，难度较大。‎ 重点复习：掌握句子的基本结构 首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构：‎ ‎（1） 主语+谓语（+宾语+宾补） （2） 主语+系动词+表语 其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类：‎ ‎（1） 充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等。‎ ‎（2） 充当谓语的一定是动词。（3） 充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。‎ ‎（4） 在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。‎ ‎（5） 作状语的典型词类是副词。‎ 再次，我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类：‎ ‎（1） 用and, but,or,while(而，却)，when（就在这个时候）等构成并列句。‎ ‎（2） 用if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,so that等构成含状语从句的复合句 ‎（3） 用who, which, that, when, where, why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。）‎ ‎（4） 用that,if/whether(是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。‎ 解题方法：用句子结构分析法巧解语法填空.分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。在解答语法填空题时，分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词类或大致方向，若再结合语境就可以很快得出具体的词语或词形，结合语境方面要特别注意短文的时态和上下文中的一些提示。‎ 如: 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。‎ 下面是一些基本语法的解析，结合以往的一些单项选择考题作为理解之用(加深对基础语法的理解,对各个部分都有指导作用)：‎ 一、动词(谓语/非谓语) ‎ 给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。填动词形式，首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍然有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语；是谓语就思考时态，语态，主谓一致，是非谓语就看主动被动，有否先后关系。‎ 动词及动词短语辨析 主要考查的知识点：每年必考的考点，主要从以下几个角度来命题：‎ 惯性用法。测试语境中动词的词义辨析；测试一些习惯用语中的动词；测试一些系动词。‎ ‎②下列动词组成的短语：‎ break，carry，come，get，give，go，look，pick，send，set，take，turn。英语词组的深层含义挖掘、多种含义拓宽也是当今考题的一个热点。每年的高考英语科考试大纲中虽列出了单词和词组，但并未注明其具体的含义，这就给命题者留下了自由的伸缩空间。所以在复习时，不能拘泥于其在教材上的含义，要大胆地对其深层含义进行挖掘。如：go out便可挖掘出以下含义：出去；出国；发出去；贴出去；出去参加社交活动；离家出去工作；压塌；（火）熄灭；过时；死去；消失；辞职；下台；结束；罢工等。（在完形填空中多加注意）‎ ‎1. … Ms Chen _________ (teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present. （广州一模）‎ ‎2. … I was certain she would like it because I ___________ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. （广州一模）‎ ‎3. … The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom,__________ (change) to the library at the last minute. .(广州二模) ‎ ‎4. I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he __________ (break) his finger. （深二模）‎ ‎5. The child, Nicole Hobson,___________ (take) by her mother to Children's Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check …（汕头二模）‎ ‎6. A transit spokesman said the driver should _________ (make) radio call to the control center for help. （汕头二模）‎ ‎7. An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that__________ (encourage) students to study abroad. （茂名二模）‎ ‎8. One of them was a visitor, saying he wouldn’t have been there if he ______ (watch)the weather forecast the day before. (梅州二模)‎ ‎9. We must also consider the reaction of the person ___________ (receive) the gift. （广州一模）‎ ‎10 … With the problem (solve), I felt proud of my ‎ achievement. .(广州二模)‎ ‎11 … I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_________ (complete) the rest. .(广州二模)‎ ‎12.____________ ( compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a rise of 13%. （茂名二模）‎ ‎13．We must practise speaking and__________ (write) the language whenever we can. ‎ ‎14．but it is not enough only _____________ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. （佛山一模）‎ ‎15. The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything ______ (present) to him without any effort on his part. （东莞一模）‎ 二、名词 主要考查的知识点：名词的用法,语境中词性的判断，词的转化。在语法填空题中常出现给一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空，‎ 重点复习：①掌握名词单复数的变化规律以及与相近语法的关系（名词单复数的使用受冠词、数词和主谓一致等语法的制约，因此复习名词单复数时，应注意分析名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语情况，还应注意主谓一致问题）。②熟悉、区别可数不可数（英语中有些名词有时为可数名词，而有时又是不可数名词，其区别由各自不同的用法而定，这是名词可数性用法的难点）。如：work 工作，不可数名词；著作 作品，可数；工厂 作坊，可数；工程 工事，可数。③掌握名词所有格的表示方法和名词作定语的用法，特别注意 else的所有格、双重所有格的用法。‎ ‎1．Father went to his doctor for_______ (advise)about his heart trouble． ‎ ‎2. There are ten__________ (woman)teachers and two hundred ________(girl) students in the school．‎ ‎3. Facing cut-throat ______ (compete) in all subjects, students must devote as much of their time as possible. ‎ ‎4. I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the _______ (exist) of the word ‎ ‎“failure”. ‎ ‎6. Not long ago he sent ______(word) that he would return with his family. ‎ ‎7. She was in London and spent her ________(young) in China.‎ ‎8. The ________ (erupt) of Mount Kilauea, one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii, is always taking people by surprise. ‎ ‎9. His _________ (curious) made him wonder about clouds. ‎ ‎11. The number of languages is getting smaller all the time because of the steady ________ (grow) of bigger languages. ‎ ‎12. Tight jeans and trousers, short skirts and even sensible flat shoes may all cause _____ (ill). ‎ 三、代词 ‎ 主要考查的知识点：不定代词和替代词的用法，It的用法和人称代词宾格。复习重点：①指代必须准确无误。②在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时，要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与所有格的一致性。③疑问代词的用法。④it，one，that是高考命题锁定的三个代词。‎ ‎1. …I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help ___________relax （广州二模）‎ ‎2. The little boy pulled_______ right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it. （深一模）‎ ‎3. …the driver did ___________ to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers.（汕头二模）‎ ‎4．If you give your children … that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard _____ as unfit or unable persons. （深圳罗湖）‎ ‎5. Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of _______ were self-funded students,…（茂名二模）‎ ‎6．Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear________ spoken.（佛山一模）‎ 四、冠词 主要考查的知识点：冠词的基本用法、零冠词的用法、抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。‎ 复习重点：（1）定冠词的用法：主要是一些记忆性的东西，比较繁杂，可以记几个顺口溜：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；普转专有名，习语及乐器。‎ ② 特指”指某些人或事物。如：The Englishmen in the dining room are having supper now.‎ ‎②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物，即“语境特指”。如：Take the medicine.‎ ③ 上文已提及的人或事物，即“前照应特指”。如：He bought a house. I have been to the house.‎ ④ 世界上独一无二的事物。如：The sun sets.‎ ⑤ 序数词或形容词最高级前。如：I live on the second floor.‎ ⑥ 由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：The United States.‎ ⑦ 一些习惯短语中或西洋乐器前。如：in the way，by the hour，on the other hand，all the year round，play the piano the violin.‎ ‎2）不加冠词的几种情况：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。‎ ‎①名词前已有作定语用的 this，that，some，any，my等限定词。‎ ‎②专有名词和不可数名词前。如：Unity is strength.‎ ‎③表示学科的名词前。如：Economics is different from politics.‎ ‎④球类活动的名词及三餐总称前。如：He likes playing football and always has supper outside. ⑤复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事物）时。如：They are students and we are teachers.‎ ‎⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前。如：Spring follows winter. We have few classes on Sunday.‎ ⑧ 表示颜色、语种和国家的非全称名词前。如：White is a beautiful color in China.‎ ⑨ 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。如：Where is Dad，Mum？Bush was made ‎ president of the USA again.‎ ② 某些习惯短语中。如：in bed，in spite of，by chance，lose heart，catch fire，catch sight of，go to school，find fault with，make use of，take exception to（反对）。（零冠词在语法填空的练习中只出现过一次，正规模拟考试中没有出现过，我们只作了解，不作为重点。）‎ ‎3）不定冠词的几种特殊用法：‎ ‎①专有名词前用不定冠词，表示“像……的一个人或物”。如：He thinks he is a Napoleon.‎ ‎②姓名前用不定冠词，表示“某个叫……的人”，多指不认识的人。如：A Miss Smith came to see you that afternoon.‎ ‎③用于某些物质名词前，表示“一种、一份、一阵”等。如：—What would you like to drink？—A tea and a coffee.‎ ‎④用于某些抽象名词前，使抽象概念具体化。这种用法的名词有 surprise，knowledge，success，failure，pleasure，interest，joy等等。如：All his efforts ended in failure.‎ ‎⑤不定冠词用在population，history，area，height，weight，depth，length，speed等词前。‎ ‎1．… But my mood quickly changed when I saw_____ first question. (广州二模)‎ ‎2… Then I went to the department store … and bought her ______ expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. .(广州一模)‎ ‎3. Tom,________ 8—year—old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop. （深一模）‎ ‎4．He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and _____ good many other things. （深二模）‎ ‎5. I told the bus driver that my baby had just had heart operation and that she was having ____ heart failure. （汕头二模）‎ ‎6.Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also _____ comparatively cheap one.（东莞一模）‎ 五、介词 介词为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必须同名词、代词、短语、句子构成介词短语，才能充当句子成分。介词短语在句中常作表语、定语、状语和补足语。介词的用法比较复杂，在英语学习中须多多注意。 想看基础知识，请看介词。 下面我们来学点介词口诀。帮你快速记单词。 ‎ before时空在之前， after之后off远。 直上 over，above斜， under，below下相反。 ‎ 直到till，on表面， 穿过through，for因缘。 by表旁边in里面， with伴随by车船。 ‎ 时间地点at、in、on， 二者between多among， behind后面beside旁， 附近near沿着along。 ‎ from来自like像， 表示目的for，to当。 of所属周围round， 向上up向下down。 ‎ ‎1.I was always told that the three Ps,…,were a sure path_______ success. (广州二模)‎ ‎2．"Don't be always particular ______ your present work and income. (惠州一模)‎ ‎3. It began to make sense to me that I could include praise along ______ constructive criticism. （深二模）‎ ‎4. He showed the public a limited edition four-wheel drive car, which is especially made _______his personal taste. (梅州一模)‎ ‎5. Five were in critical condition______ head trauma(外伤, 损伤), said Liz Crouch, the center's chief operating officer. (梅州二模)‎ ‎6．There is no easy way to success _________ language learning.‎ 六、连词(从属连词/并列连词)‎ ‎ A) 引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。如名词性从句的引导词what, who, which, when, where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether；副词从句引导词where, wherever, when, if , how, unless, until …‎ ‎1. … Many things must be considered such as _______ the person is ‎ interested in and how old he is. （广州一模）‎ ‎2.My face turned red on hearing _______ my mother said. (惠州一模)‎ ‎3. she would point out_________ they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed. （深圳罗湖）‎ ‎4．The American Academy of Pediatrics (儿科) says_________ children really need for health development is more good, old-fashioned playtime.(四校联考)‎ ‎5. I almost started to yell his name _____ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep. （深二模）‎ ‎6._______ children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.‎ ‎7. Statistics show that_________ China carried out the opening - up policy, a total of one million students have gone abroad for study. （茂名二模）‎ ‎8．_________ we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. （佛山一模）‎ ‎9. Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely _________ the danger lies.‎ ‎ B) 并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如and, but, or, though, although, so… 挖掉关联词，要想补上连词，思路必须与作者思路相吻合。 ‎ ‎1．… I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered ______ I finally found the solution. （广州二模）‎ ‎2．… I asked my classmates about her interest ________ I made my final decision. （广州一模）‎ ‎3.Tom, an 8—year—old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop _____ sat at a table.（深一模）‎ 七、情态动词 主要考查的知识点：情态动词的基本含义和用法；情态动词表推测的用法以及“情态动词 + have+ v ed”结构等。‎ 重点复习：① may might，can could 表 示 可 能。② must can could may might（have done）表示对过去发生事情的推测。③should ought to + have + done表示对过去的责备。④would rather + have done以及 had better + have done表示后悔。⑤will shall表示请求，许可。⑥could might should have done表示虚拟语气。‎ 八、形容词/副词 主要考查的知识点：形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级，词义比较等。‎ 重点复习：①形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，高考非常注重对此进行考查，在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。（形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词；修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词）②两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。③形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较。④比较级的程度修饰语（much，very much，a lot，a great deal，far，by far，even，still，a bit，a little，rather，any，数词，倍数，分数，百分数等）。⑤易混副词的辨析。如：specially /especially/ particularly等。 ‎ ‎1. One of the __________ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. （广州一模）‎ ‎ 2. I put the paper aside and turned to the _____ one, at the top of which…（深二模）‎ ‎3. Many other actors are __ __ (badly)off than me at present,…(惠州一模)‎ ‎4. In 2006, over 40,000 overseas students came back, with 33,000 of them being self-fund students, 20% ______ than the year before. （茂名二模）‎ 九、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语 ‎ 此功能于关联词相似。只是这种副词（短语）在用法上更加灵活多变。典型的有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise，first, second, then, finally, in a word等等。‎ ‎1．This, _______ , didn’t bother me because maths had always been my ‎ strongest subject. (广州二模)‎ ‎2. Don’t always scold and give lots of praise ________ （深圳罗湖）‎ 十、词形变化或者词性变化．‎ 给出单词的原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。‎ ‎1… Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my _______________ (appreciate) I decided to get her a present. 　(广州一模)‎ ‎2. … ______ (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes to complete the rest. 　(广州二模) ‎ ‎ 3. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit____________‎ ‎ (patience). （深一模）‎ ‎4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said _____________ (rude). （深一模）‎ ‎5. I don’t know if he placed the poem next to the failing grade to ______ (soft) the blow, but it work. （深二模）‎ ‎6. I must know how to care for others and try not to _________ (understand) them. (惠州一模)‎ ‎7. you have done well and made great achievement in the _ ______ (entertain) field. (惠一模)‎ ‎8. These people have made great___________ (contribute) to China with their work.（茂名二模）‎ ‎9. …to check her___________ (recent) inserted (插入) pacemaker. （汕头二模）‎ ‎10．The tornadoes damaged several______(new) built buildings,…(梅州二模)‎ ‎11．Numerous studies have shown that free play is very ___________ (benefit). It can help children become creative…(四校联考)‎ ‎12 they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to ‎ mention the latest _______ (excite) football match. （东莞一模）‎ 十一、特殊句型（或固定短语）‎ 考查对固定结构（短语）的熟悉掌握程度。属于字词层面考查语法。 ‎ ‎1.It was not long _________ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table.‎ ‎2. …________ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG! （广州一模）‎ ‎3. So careless was I _______ I had forgotten all about that. （深二模）‎ ‎4.…"as a matter of _________ , you have done well and made great achievement…(惠州一模)‎ 十二、定语从句的引导词． ‎ 主要考查的知识点：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择，非限制性定语从句，由 whose，where，when，that，as和“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句是高考的热点。‎ 复习重点：①when引导的定语从句。②where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句、表语从句的区别。③which引导非限制性定语从句时（句子作先行词）和并列句的区别。④as引导的定语从句“such...as、the same...as”，以及和目的 结果状语从句的辨别。⑤分隔式定语从句的识别。⑥能够区别定语从句和同位语从句。‎ ‎1.…The exam,________ was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(广州二模)‎ ‎2… Then I went to the department store__________ I worked part-time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. （广州一模）‎ ‎3. It was a poem about me, ______ included the time …（深二模）‎ ‎4. At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students _______came back to China after study. （茂名二模）‎ ‎5. More and more Chinese students go abroad for study,________ is supported by the Chinese government. （茂名二模）‎ 十三、状语从句 ‎ 主要考查的知识点：时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。‎ 重点复习：①时间状语从句，尤其是 as，since，while，when，before，until等连接词。②when / where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。③让步状语从句的倒装。④与非谓语动词作状语的区别和转化。‎ ‎1 No sooner had he arrived ______ he went away again. ‎ ‎2 _______ he was tired, he kept on working.‎ ‎3 She didn’t get up ______ her mother came in.‎ ‎4 The thief had hardly entered the house ____ he was caught.‎ ‎5. Scientists say it may be five or ten years ___ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.‎ ‎6. We were swimming in the lake _____ suddenly the storm started.‎ 十四、名词性从句 主要考查的知识点：名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。‎ 重点复习：①whether，if和 that的区别。②that从句和 wh- 从句的区别。③wh- 引导的名词性从句不含疑问意义，相当于一个名词后加定语从句。如：The book is where you left it just now.④连接代词和连接副词的选择。‎ ‎1.________ he’ll attend the meeting is not known yet.‎ ‎2.It is known to all that ____ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.‎ 十五、 时态、语态 主要考查的知识点：动词的时态、语态是每年的必考点，也是历年高考重点考查的项目，通常考 2～ 3个小题。重点考查的是现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、将来完成时、完成进行时等，多和语态一起考查；且通常以对话的形式出现且常出现两种时态混合在一起进行比较。时态理解不准确是考生常见的错误。把握住命题人的意图是至关重要的。一般来说，命题人在考查时态这个内容时总是设置一个语言情景来实现，所以理解语言情景是关键，同时要在这个语言环境里找到动作发生的时间或隐含的时间关系，只要理解了情景与动作的时间关系，对照选项，就不难把握命题意图。注意不要断章取义，同时还要注意时态一致。‎ 重点复习：①一般现在时和一般过去时的区别。②‎ 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。③一般过去时同过去完成时的区别。④一般现在时和现在进行时以及一般过去时同过去进行时的区别。⑤“系动词 + 过去分词”的用法。如：get paid；remain covered；look lost等形式的用法。⑥进行时态的被动语态及主动表被动的用法。‎ ‎1. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city ______ （change）so rapidly all these years.‎ ‎ 2. He ______ (swim) quite well, but he hasn’t had time to swim since this summer.‎ ‎3 Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he ____ (turn up )by now.‎ ‎4. I’m terribly sorry for being late, but I _____ (catch) the wrong bus.‎ ‎5. The truth, sir, is that the old man _______ (walk) across the road when my car hit him.‎ ‎6. I really don’t think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _____.‎ ‎7.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures ______(take.)‎ ‎8.The notice ______ (read )“No smoking”.  ‎ ‎9. The old man _____ (die) two days after he had been sent to hospital.  ‎ ‎ 10．I _____(hope ) to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.  ‎ ‎11. Helen _____ (leave )her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.‎ ‎ 12.If it_____ (rain ) tomorrow, I won’t go to the cinema.‎ ‎13．he students _____(write) busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____(leave) in the office.‎ ‎ 14. I Have not moved into the new house yet ,because the rooms _____(paint ),?‎ ‎ 15. — We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time, and What do you suppose ____(happen )to her 1. Rainforests _________ (cut) and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the early future.‎ 2. The police found that the house__________(break into)and a lot of things________(steal).‎ 3. ‎------ Have you moved into the new house?‎ ‎------ Not yet, The room _________(paint).‎ 1. When and where to build the factory ___________ (not decide) yet.‎ 2. If city noises_________(not keep) from increasing, people will have to shout ___________(hear) even at the dinner table 20 years from now.‎ 3. All the preparations for the task____________(complete), and we are ready to start.‎ 4. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears ___________(tell) everything.‎ 5. The first computer is generally considered _________(invent) by Charles Babbage.‎ 6. Little Jim should love _________(take) to the theatre this evening.‎ 7. He claimed __________(treat)badly in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.‎ 8. Good care ___________ babies particularly while they are ill(必须照料).‎ 9. The water _______________(进一步污染)unless some measures _________(take).‎ 10. He let me repeat his instructions to make sure that I understand ____________(要做的事) after he went away.‎ 11. The problem ____________ tomorrow is not the one ____________ at yesterday’s meeting(讨论).‎ 12. Tom was very unhappy for _____________ (没有邀请)to the party.‎ 十六、 非谓语动词和独立主格结构 主要考查的知识点：非谓语动词每年必考，通常考 1～ 3小题，主要考查:‎ ① v -ing、不定式作宾语的区别。‎ ② ‎②非谓语动词作宾补的区别。‎ ③ ‎③非谓语动词作状语的区别。‎ ④ ‎④非谓语动词作定语时的区别。‎ ⑤ ‎⑤非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。（注意：多次模拟试题的语法填空中都有考到非谓语动词。）‎ 重点复习：‎ 别非谓语动词在句中的成分，不定式、‎ v -ing形式、过去分词各自所作的成分是不同的。‎ ‎②识记哪些动词只能接不定式作宾语，哪些动词只能接动名词作宾语，哪些动词接不定式或动名词作宾语没有太大区别，哪些动词接不定式和动名词作宾语区别很大，哪些动词接带 to的不定式作宾语补足语，哪些动词接不带 to的不定式作宾语补足语。(stop,forget,remember,regret..etc.)‎ ‎③have、 get 、make等动词所接的宾语补语的选用。‎ ‎④非谓语动词作状语和状语从句的联系和区别。‎ ① 熟悉解题方法。解此类题时，可用“三步曲”：首先要根据语法知识弄清句子结构，看选项作何成分，结合搭配和句式习惯确定是何种非谓语动词形式；第二步，根据非谓语动词所表示的动作与句子谓语的动作发生的先后确定用何种非谓语动词的时态；第三步，按照非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系确定语态，如果逻辑主语不是句子的主语，那就可判断要么是状语从句，要么是独立主格结构。‎ ‎1 We are looking for a hotel ______( stay ) for a night.‎ ‎2 He was the only foreigner ________( give ) such an honor.‎ ‎3 We consider it our duty _________( safeguard ) the world peace.‎ ‎4 As it was very cold, we slept together ______(keep ) warm.‎ ‎5 He is said __________(work )abroad since he graduated.‎ ‎6 We accused him of _______(play ) games during working hours.‎ ‎7 It is ________(fright ) even to think of the horror of the nuclear war.‎ ‎8 I found nothing _________( amaze ) in his story.‎ ‎9 My clumsy mistake had the girls ________( laugh )giggling.‎ ‎10 I got home, _________(feel ) very tired.‎ ‎11 With my girlfriend _________( stand ) next to me, I felt safer.‎ ‎12 __________( be ) away from my family for 10 years, I miss them very much.‎ ‎13 What is the language _______( speak ) in Brazil ?‎ ‎14 We must keep a secret of the things __________( discuss ) now.‎ ‎15 The meeting ended with nothing __________( settle ).‎ ‎16 I suggest we should visit the Place Museum, _________( build ) 600 years ago.‎ ‎17 When _______( ask ) about his private life, the actor was annoyed.‎ ‎18 Not ________ ( know ) his address, we could not get in touch with him.‎ ‎19 _________( laugh ) in public made me angry and embarrassed. ‎ ‎20 The helicopter ________( rescue) the villagers ________( trap ) in the snowstorm was canceled because of the terrible weather.‎ 十七、 倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构及其他 主要考查的知识点：‎ 从历届高考题可以看出，高考并没有完全放弃测试语言形式。语言知识这类的题目，尤其是强调和倒装两部分，在语法填空中有考查到强调句和it作形式主语＋that引导主语从句的辨析。从试题分析来看，加大知识类题目的结构复杂程度和句意理解难度，注重知识类题目的情景化是近几年高考命题的趋势。‎ 重点复习：①考查知识之间的相互交叉的现象，加强综合考查语法知识的力度应该是这一内容命题的新趋势。‎ ‎②it形式主语和 there be句型的结合。③强调句和定语从句的结合。‎ ‎④情态动词和反意疑问句的结合。⑤祈使句和反意疑问句的结合。‎ ‎⑥主谓一致和时态语态的结合。⑦独立主格结构、平行结构和从句的结合。‎ ‎1. It was he was ill that he was absent yesterday ‎2.I’ve come to the point ____ I can’t stand him.‎ ‎3. There are different forms of energy, most of____ come from the sun.‎ ‎4. Tom hardly knows French, ______ ______? （反义疑问句）‎ 单元综合知识运用 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 克隆动物 ‎301‎ ‎7分钟 ‎(2018·东北三省三校第一次联考)Have you seen Jurassic Park? In this film, scientists use DNA kept for tens of millions of years to clone dinosaurs. They find trouble, however, when they realize that the cloned creatures are smarter and more ‎ dangerous than expected. That's nothing more than a fiction.‎ But could we really clone endangered animals?‎ To date, the most successful attempt to do so was the cloning of a gaur, a rare oxlike animal from southeast Asia. Scientists used a cow to bring the cloned baby gaur, named Noah. Two days after birth, however, Noah died from a common bacterial infection. Other endangered species that may be cloned include the African bongo antelope (羚羊), the Sumatran tiger, the cheetah (猎豹), and the giant panda.‎ Next, could we really clone extinct animals?‎ In theory? Yes. To do this, you need a wellkept source of DNA from the extinct animals such as wool mammoth (毛象), Tasmanian tiger, or even dinosaur, and a closely related species, still living, which could serve as a_surrogate_mother.‎ In reality? Probably not. On the one hand, it's not likely that extinct animals' DNA could survive undamaged for such a long time. Cloning such extinct animals as wool mammoth, Tasmanian tiger, or dinosaur is much more difficult due to the lack of properly wellpreserved DNA. On the other hand, for example, a gaur can have a cow as a surrogate mother, definitely not a monkey. But what about an extinct animal as unique as the panda? What species could possibly serve as a surrogate mother?‎ Cloning presents many exciting possibilities. However, even if extinct animals were brought back, they could not survive in today's world. Not only do most extinct animals have no habitat to live in, but the other plants and animals they depended on for food may also be gone as well.‎ 语篇解读：本文说明了在克隆灭绝动物的过程中遇到的重重困难与障碍。即使克隆成功了，其赖以生存的食物链也已经被破坏，被克隆出来的动物也无法继续生存下去。‎ ‎1．It can be learned from the text that ________.‎ A．the gaur is an extinct species B．the gaur lives in Asia and is endangered C．scientists have cloned the African bongo antelope D．both the cheetah and the giant panda live in Asia 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，印度野牛生活在亚洲的东南部，濒临灭绝。‎ ‎2．The underlined words “a surrogate mother” probably refer to a female who ________.‎ A．gives birth to a baby of its own B．cannot give birth to a baby C．gives birth to a baby for another female D．provides DNA 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第五段的描述可知，此处表示的是，把一种动物的DNA提取出来之后，在另外一种动物的体内进行胚胎繁殖，而这种动物就被称为a surrogate mother，由此判断，画线部分意思为“代孕妈妈”，故C项正确。‎ ‎3．The difficulty in cloning an extinct species is the lack of ________.‎ A．both the wellpreserved DNA and a surrogate mother B．both the habitat to live in and the wellpreserved DNA C．both the wellpreserved DNA and plants to live on D．both the habitat to live in and plants to live on 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“On the one hand ... On the other hand ...”两个方面的表述可知，克隆的困难在于一是要寻找灭绝动物的保存完好的DNA，二是要寻找到合适的代孕的物种，故A项正确。‎ ‎4．In the author's opinion, it is possible that ________.‎ A．all the extinct species may be cloned B．extinct species may be cloned and easily survive C．a gaur can have a monkey as a surrogate mother D．some extinct species may be cloned, but not survive 解析：选D　细节理解题。本文作者客观叙述了在克隆灭绝动物过程中所存在的种种困难与障碍。根据最后一段的表述可知，也许克隆存在众多的可能性，但是即使克隆成功了，也许会由于其赖以生存的食物链已经灭绝而无法继续存活下去。由此判断D项正确。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 克隆少女 ‎309‎ ‎7分钟 Here on the island of Demesne, the humans call us “clones”. I call myself Elysia, because that's what Dr. Lusardi told me to call myself. I started to exist just weeks ago. But I am a sixteenyearold girl with no soul (灵魂). I know nothing of my First, the girl I was cloned from.‎ We entered a private room, just me, the fancy lady Mrs. Bratton, and Marisa.‎ The fancy lady pushes me with one of her fingers as one might poke (戳) a piece of fruit at the market. She gently pokes my flesh. She presses her hands against my back to test its firmness.‎ ‎“She's attractive，” she says.‎ Marisa warns her, “Mrs. Bratton, she is a Beta (a new product being tested by users). Dr. Lusardi has not perfected the teen line yet.”‎ ‎“I guess that will be reflected (体现) in the price，” says Mrs. Bratton.‎ ‎“Of course，” Marisa says. “Dr. Lusardi will be thrilled to know someone is willing to take a chance on a teen Beta.”‎ Mrs. Bratton looks at me, “What's your name, dear？”‎ ‎“Elysia，” I say.‎ ‎“I think you might make a wonderful addition to our household, Elysia. We're so badly missing a teenage girl ever since Astrid, my eldest, went off to Biome University，” she says sadly.‎ ‎“Congratulations，” I say, because I know that's the appropriate thing to say to a parent whose child has studied in a wellknown university. “You must be very proud.”‎ Mrs. Bratton's face brightens. “I am! But Astrid's so hardworking that she seldom comes back to visit us. We miss her a lot. Would you like to come to my family？”‎ ‎“Yes, ma'am，” I say.‎ Marisa sends me back into the store when she finishes the negotiations (协商) with Mrs. Bratton. I am to pick out some nice clothing to take to my new home, where I shall serve my new owner.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章节选了一个科幻故事的片段：一位母亲打算从商店购买一位克隆少女。‎ ‎5．After entering the private room, the fancy lady ________.‎ A．makes the introductions B．checks the clone's quality C．offers some fruit to the guests D．exchanges greetings with others 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“The fancy lady pushes me ... to test its firmness.”可知，进入房间之后，这位女士开始检查这个克隆人的质量。‎ ‎6．Why is Mrs. Bratton so proud?‎ A．Astrid studies very hard.‎ B．She is going to visit Astrid.‎ C．She can buy something at the store.‎ D．Her daughter Astrid has entered Biome University.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三至五段可知，当听到Elysia说恭喜后，本因女儿离开家而难过的Mrs. Bratton顿时开心起来，由此推测她是为女儿考入名校而感到自豪。‎ ‎7．Who will be Elysia's new owner?‎ A．Dr. Lusardi.　　　　 　B．Marisa.‎ C．Mrs. Bratton. D．Astrid.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。通读全文可知，检查克隆人Elysia质量的Mrs. Bratton将成为她的新主人。‎ ‎8．Where does this text probably come from?‎ A．A research paper. B．A personal diary.‎ C．An advertisement. D．A science fiction story.‎ 解析：选D　文章出处题。本文主人公Elysia是一位会说话的克隆人，故本文可能选自某科幻故事。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 In the middle of town lived an old man. One day he __1__ his watch in his own store. It was __2__ to him because it was from his wife. After searching __3__ in the store for a long while, he __4__ to ask for help from a group of children playing outside the store. He __5__ them that the person who found it would be rewarded.‎ ‎ __6__ this, the children hurried inside the store, went through and around the __7__ store, but still could not find the watch.‎ Soon the man felt hopeless and wanted to __8__. A little boy went up to him and asked for another __9__. The man looked at him and thought, “Why not? __10__， this kid looks sincere enough.”__11__ the man sent him back in the store. After a while the boy __12__ with the watch in his hand! The man was very __13__， and he asked the boy how he found it while the others had __14__. The boy replied, “I did nothing but sat on the ground and __15__. Then I heard the ticking (嘀嗒声) of the watch and just looked for it in that __16__.”‎ We usually think about our own needs, which can't bring peace into our mind. __17__ we need to think about ourselves and keep peaceful for a while, which can produce a __18__ result. So allow a few minutes of __19__ to your mind every day, and see how it helps you deal with your work and make __20__ as you expect to!‎ 语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。作者通过找表这样一个小故事告诉我们给自己的大脑片刻宁静非常重要。‎ ‎1．A.lost B．broke C．hid D．fixed 解析：选A　由该段的“searching”，“found”以及“still could not find the watch”可知，他把表弄“丢了(lost)”。‎ ‎2．A.close B．strange C．similar D．important 解析：选D　由该空后的“because it was from his wife”可知，这块表对他来说非常“重要(important)”。‎ ‎3．A.young and old B．heavy and light C．high and low D．black and white 解析：选C　这位老人在店里“上上下下(high and low)”找了个遍。‎ ‎4．A.forgot B．decided C．agreed D．learned 解析：选B　由下文孩子们进店找表的行为可知，他“决定(decided)”让在店外玩耍的孩子们进来帮忙。‎ ‎5．A.warned B．taught C．worried D．promised 解析：选D　由该空后的“the person who found it would be rewarded”可知，他向孩子们“承诺(promised)”：谁找到了表，就有奖赏。‎ ‎6．A.Hearing B．Seeing C．Wearing D．Feeling 解析：选A　“听到(Hearing)”他的承诺，孩子们冲进了店里。‎ ‎7．A.big B．dirty C．whole D．busy 解析：选C　孩子们为了找到表，搜遍了“整个(whole)”店。‎ ‎8．A.set off B．give up C．calm down D．show off 解析：选B　由该空前的“the man felt hopeless”可知，他想要“放弃(give up)”了。‎ ‎9．A.date B．reason C．meeting D．chance 解析：选D　由下文的“the man sent him back in the store”可知，一个小男孩请老人再给他一次“机会(chance)”。‎ ‎10．A.After all B．So far C．At first D．As usual 解析：选A　由该空前后内容可知，这里是说：为什么不呢？“毕竟(After all)”这个孩子看上去十分真诚。‎ ‎11．A.But B．Or C．So D．Unless 解析：选C　老人认为这个孩子真诚，因此又让他进了店，前后是因果关系，故填So。‎ ‎12．A.ran away B．came out C．fell down D．went back 解析：选B　由上文的“the man sent him back in the store”可知，过了一会儿，小男孩手里握着表“出来(came out)”了。‎ ‎13．A.angry B．proud C．nervous D．surprised 解析：选D　看到自己的表被找到了，这位老人十分“惊喜(surprised)”。‎ ‎14．A.failed B．finished C．regretted D．doubted 解析：选A　由上文内容可知，其他孩子都没有找到表而这个小男孩成功了，故填failed。‎ ‎15．A.played B．waited C．listened D．watched 解析：选C　由该空后的“Then I heard the ticking (嘀嗒声) of the watch”可知，这个小男孩坐在地上开始仔细地“听(listened)”。‎ ‎16．A.station B．direction C．situation D．darkness 解析：选B　听到手表的嘀嗒声，然后朝着那个“方向(direction)”找去。‎ ‎17．A.Luckily B．Possibly C．Besides D．Instead 解析：选D　我们往往只考虑自己的需求，这样就无法让我们的心平静下来。“相反(Instead)”，我们应该从自身的角度去想一想，这样才会带来“好的(good)”结果。‎ ‎18．A.clear B．good C．direct D．natural 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎19．A.silence B．exercise C．pleasure D．conversation 解析：选A　由上文的“keep peaceful for a while”可知，这里是说给自己的大脑片刻“宁静(silence)”。‎ ‎20．A.noises B．sense C．progress D．mistakes 解析：选C　由该空前的“helps you deal with your work”和该空后的“as you expect to”可知，这里是说取得“进步(progress)”。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 According to The Sunday Times of London, which looked at lifestyle __1__ (choice) of over 500,000 Britons between the ages of 37 and 73, driving for more than two hours each day can __2__ (steady) decrease the IQ of middleaged drivers.‎ When looking at the data of the 93,000 participants __3__ drove more than two hours per day, the study found a__4__ (notice) drop in brainpower — the ability to think, __5__ (measure) by intelligence and memory tests. The study found similar results among participants __6__ (take) part in several hours' similarly sedentary (久坐不动的) activity, __7__ television watching.‎ ‎“IQ decline is measurable over five years because it can happen fast in middleaged and older people. This __8__ (associate) with lifestyle factors such as smoking and bad diet — and now with time spent driving，” Kishan Bakrania told The Sunday Times.‎ If you think that the way to improve your IQ __9__ (be) through brain games, think again. Just try and avoid those long hours on the road if possible, and if you happen to have free time on your way to and off work, be sure to use __10__ wisely.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究：每天开车两个小时以上会让中年司机的智商持续下降。‎ ‎1．choices　根据语境可知，The Sunday Times研究了五十多万个37至73岁的英国人对生活方式的选择。choice“选择”是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故应用复数形式choices。‎ ‎2．steadily　每天开车两个小时以上会让中年司机的智商持续下降。此处应用副词steadily修饰动词decrease。‎ ‎3．who/that　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是participants，故填关系代词who/that。‎ ‎4．noticeable　根据语境可知，这个研究发现每天开车两个小时以上的参与者的智力出现了明显的下降。根据空前的“a”和空后的名词“drop”可知，此处应填形容词noticeable。‎ ‎5．measured　分析句子结构可知，measure与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，故应用过去分词measured作后置定语。‎ ‎6．taking　take part in与其逻辑主语participants 之间是主动关系，故应用其现在分词形式作后置定语。‎ ‎7．like　此处列举了看电视这样的久坐活动。like“例如，像”，符合语境。‎ ‎8．is associated　这与像吸烟和不良饮食这样的生活方式因素之间有联系。associate与This(指IQ decline)之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据前一句中的“is”及此处陈述的客观事实可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填is associated。‎ ‎9．is　如果你认为可以通过智力游戏来提高智商的话，重新考虑一下吧。句子的主语是the way，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故填is。‎ ‎10．it　如果你正好在上下班路上有空闲时间，那么确保好好利用它。此处指代上文中的“free time”，故填it。‎