【英语】山东省潍坊市2020届高三高考一模试题（解析版）

【英语】山东省潍坊市2020届高三高考一模试题（解析版）

山东省潍坊市2020届高三高考一模英语试题 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ A ‎“Becoming Jane”‎ Through September 7,2020‎ National Geographic Museum Jane Goodall began observing chimpanzees in 1960 at Gombe Stream Game Reserve in what is now Tanzania, but her first study of animal behavior took place some 20 years earlier, when she, at 5 years old, spent several hours in a henhouse, waiting to see how a hen laid an egg.‎ That curiosity helped drive Goodall to become one of the most famous scientists of the 20th century. Her evolution from innocent child to “global icon（偶像）” is documented in. “becoming Jane”, an exhibit in Washington, D. C. through September 7. After that, it heads to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles Country. ‎ ‎“Becoming Jane” is technology heavy. Interactive digital displays, 3-D experiences and a hologram（全息图）-like appearance by Goodall herself will draw the attention of both adults and youngsters. For those who have followed Goodall’s career closely, the real treat is seeing her birthday gifts and books from her childhood, field notes, Ph. D. papers and other personal belongings and photos.‎ Visitors will follow the path of her childhood dream gradually coming true, then the course of her field study about chimpanzees in African wild forests, with remarkable achievements, and finally her recent life as an Animal Rights activist.‎ PRICE $15‎ WHEN November 22, 2019—September 7, 2020‎ LOCATION 1145 17th Street NW Washington, D. C. 20036‎ ‎1. Where is “Becoming Jane” held before September 7, 2020?‎ A. In Tanzania B. In Washington, D. C.‎ C. In Los Angeles Country. D. In Jane’s hometown.‎ ‎2. What may attract Jane Goodall’s followers most?‎ A. Treats for children. B. Free books by Jane.‎ C. Jane’s personal items. D. The applied technology.‎ ‎3. What type of writing of this text?‎ A. A story B. An advertisement.‎ C. An official report. D. A celebrity profile.‎ B Mom and I were putting the finishing touches on dinner, and my little niece Jessica came in to set the table. Instead of going to the dish cabinet, she went into the pantry where there was a stack of old, mismatched dinner plates on the bottom shelf.‎ When she had set all six places, she stood back and sighed, “Oh, Grandma, your plates are so beautiful. Ours are all alike!” We had a good laugh at her innocent remark, but as I think back to all those years ago, I believe she was right. Those plates were beautiful.‎ Mom worked for the local council on aging as a housekeeper. She did many of the little things that allowed elderly people to stay in their own homes. Most of her clients got Meals on Wheels, a service in the 1970s. They received a hot lunch and a cold snack to have later in the evening. This is really not very much food. Every evening Mom would make to-go meals on these mismatched plates covered with aluminum foil, and then deliver them to the people who she knew didn’t get enough to eat.‎ This was about ten years before microwave ovens became common so it was important that the food be on a plate that could be reheated in a regular oven. Instead of a cold sandwich and macaroni salad, Mom’s clients dined on Beef Manhattans, pan-fried chicken or meatloaf, along with veggies and a piece of pie or cake. Mom and Dad did this even after Mom left her job, and Mom continued after Dad’s death until all her former clients had either passed away or moved out.‎ When I was cleaning our Mom’s house after her death, I kept one as a souvenir（纪念品）. That plate is a sweet reminder of the lessons of generosity and caring for one’s neighbor that were modeled for me by my parents.‎ ‎4. Why did the author think those plates beautiful?‎ A. They were not all alike.‎ B. They were little Jessica’s pride.‎ C. They were collected from different places.‎ D. They were symbols of the parents’ kindness.‎ ‎5. What did the author’s mother do to earn a living in the 1970s?‎ A. Be a housewife. B. Run Meals on Wheels.‎ C. Deliver food to houses. D. Do housework for the old.‎ ‎6. Why did the author’s mother make to-go meals?‎ A. It was her job.‎ B. She was good at cooking.‎ C. She wanted to help beyond her duty.‎ D. Her family didn’t have enough to eat.‎ ‎7. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Plates of Sympathy B. A Precious Souvenir C. Services for the Senior D. A Kind-hearted Mother C ‎“A lie can travel half way around the world before the truth can put its bots on.” That quote is attributed to Mark Twain. In today’s Internet world of “fake（假的）news”, lies spread even faster than the truth is having trouble finding its boots.‎ To make matters worse, most young people get news from social media sites where facts are mixed with rumors（谣言）, half-truths and complete lies. This has led to young people becoming confused. In the latest PISA, which tested 15-year-old worldwide on academic subjects, fewer than one in ten of the examinees were reported to be able to distinguish fact from opinion. A Stanford University study showed that students at all levels of education could not tell real news from fake news. In one instance, 80 percent thought that a paid advertisement was a real news story.‎ Fake news is spread by people who have a prejudice. They want to influence public opinion either for or against something or someone. It is important, then, for young people to recognize when they are being used and to be skeptical of online information.‎ Traditional media, such as newspapers and television, are still the more credible sources of information. Reporters are professionally trained to look for facts, and editors have the job of making sure those facts are correct. However, if you getting most of your information online, you ‎ have to be your own editor. In that case, the first thing to do is to look at the writer of a post. Is this person known to be credible? Does the site where you read the post have a prejudice? Next, look for other sources from mainstream media to confirm the information. In other words, by putting on your truth boots you won’t be fooled into chasing lies.‎ ‎8. Why is the quote mentioned in paragraph 1？‎ A. To give a definition.‎ B. To introduce the topic.‎ C. To offer background information.‎ D. To highlight the wisdom of Mark Twain.‎ ‎9. What will always happen to young people with news around?‎ A. They prefer a read news story.‎ B. They are easily taken in by fake news.‎ C. They can distinguish fact from opinion.‎ D They get worried about their education.‎ ‎10. What is the author’s suggestion from the text?‎ A. Fight against prejudices. B. Avoid traditional media.‎ C. Be an editor of your own. D. Believe in trained reporters.‎ ‎11. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. The truth about fake news. B. The influence of fake news.‎ C. Problems with online information. D. Sources of online information.‎ D An infectious disease is a disease that is caused by the invasion of a host by pathogens（病原体）whose activities harm the host’s tissues and can be spread to other individuals.‎ Microorganisms（微生物）capable of causing disease are called pathogens. A true pathogen is an infectious agent that causes disease in any possible host. The terms “infection” and “disease” are quite different. In order to cause disease, pathogens must be able to enter the host body, stick to specific host cells, invade and multiply and do damage to host tissues.‎ Pathogens may be spread through either direct or indirect contact. Direct contact occurs when an individual is infected by contact with the infection source. It also includes taking in the infectious droplets released by sneezing or coughing. Indirect contact occurs when a pathogen can ‎ survive the environment outside its host for a long period of time. So lifeless objects that are polluted by direct contact with the infection source may be the indirect contact for easily infected group.‎ Public health measures typically involve killing the pathogen from its source or from its route of spread. Those measures include ensuring a safe water supply, effectively treating waste water, and initiating animal control and vaccination（疫苗）programs, etc. Personally, the first line of defense is to keep pathogen at bay by following good personal hygiene（卫生）habits. Prevent infection before it begins and avoid spreading it to others with some easy measures, such as washing hands, getting vaccinated and so on.‎ Man never stops fighting against all kinds of infectious diseases. But in the past two decades at least a dozen “new” disease have been identified, and traditional diseases that appeared to be “on their way out” are re-emerging. Globally, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death. Clearly, the ballet has not been won. Nevertheless, it is increasingly difficult for most of us to deny the claims of science. We are continually presented with great amounts of relevant scientific and medical knowledge, which encourages us to take more responsibility for our own health.‎ ‎12. What does Paragragh 2 focus on?‎ A. Origin of true pathogens.‎ B. Nature of infectious diseases.‎ C. Strategies for avoiding tissue damage.‎ D. Differences between infection and disease.‎ ‎13. What is likely to cause disease spread through indirect contact?‎ A. Getting bitten by an infected dog.‎ B. Playing toys a sick child played with.‎ C. Breathing in tiny drops from sneezing D. Shaking hands with an infected person.‎ ‎14. Which of the following can best explain the underlined phrase “at bay” in Paragragh 4?‎ A. At risk. B. Off course.‎ C. Under control. D. Within reach.‎ ‎15. What does the last Paragragh imply?‎ A. Man is at a loss about infectious diseases.‎ B. Traditional infectious diseases are dying out.‎ C. Science counts in defeating infectious diseases.‎ D. The battle against infectious diseases is in vain.‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ If you have an iPod or a phone that plays music, the Sony Walkman may look like ancient history. But when it came out forty years ago, it completely changed how people listened to music.‎ ‎___16___ Small portable（便携的）radios didn’t sound good and usually came with just a small earphone that went in one ear. There were boomboxes—large music players which sounded good and could be turned up loud. But they were huge and heavy. Almost any way someone could listen to music means that everyone around them would have to listen to their music, too.‎ On July 1, 1979, Sorry introduced a product called the “Walkman”. The “walk” part of the name was important. ___17___ These days, we are very used to that idea, but in 1979, it was pretty special. Another thing that wasn’t great. But back then, the sound amazed people. ___18___ ‎ Many people thought it wouldn’t sell very well because it couldn’t record music. However, the Walkman was hugely popular. ___19___ But whoever made the device, most people kept using the name “Walkman”.‎ On a phone or other music player today, you might have hundreds or thousands of songs. But the selection on the Walkman was much more limited. ___20___ If you wanted to go to a certain song, you would need to wind or rewind through the rest of the tape to get to the song you wanted to hear.‎ The cassette Walkman a big success. It started the trend of “personal” music that led to the iPod, the iPhone, and the other music-playing devices we use today.‎ A. The Walkman then could only play cassette tapes.‎ B. Soon other companies were imitating Sony’s device.‎ C. It almost felt like the music was playing inside your head.‎ D. The tape needed be taken out and turned over to play the other side.‎ E. It meant that you could listen to your own music as you walked around.‎ F. The first Walkman actually allowed you to share your music with a friend.‎ G. Before the Walkman came out, there wasn’t a good portable way to listen to music.‎ 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分。‎ 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ I woke up by my dog barking in the early morning. I went outside to find a koala（考拉） at the yard gate wanting to enter. It was the first time that I had ___21___ a koala in my neighborhood. What a welcome ___22___!‎ I was wondering why he was here, as Koala ___23___ came down from the trees and didn’t like walking, either. ____24____ , there was no eucalyptus（桉树）around. Was he hungry or lost? Or maybe the bushfire across Kangaroo Island ___25___ him here?‎ He just sat there, apparently ___26___, and sort of looked at me with a look, like helping me out of my suffering. At a(n) ___27___ look, I discovered a long cut at his back with bloods, ___28___ of attacks or cuts of something sharp in some other way.‎ I rushed into my room and came out with some iodophor（碘伏药水）, It was not a ___29___ problems as I was a nurse. This poor soul seemed to quite ___30___ my kindness when I ___31___ the cut with the liquid. It ___32___ me that he came to seek my ___33___ !‎ After the treatment, I watched the koala finally ___34___ in the wild, hoping he was able to ___35___ the hard time and live his life as he should.‎ ‎21. A. grabbed B. encountered C. investigated D. tackled ‎22. A. chance B. relief C. surprise D. message ‎23. A. frequently B. slightly C. mostly D. rarely ‎24. A. Once more B. Ever since C. Just then D. Then again ‎25. A. pursued B. drove C. followed D. cast ‎26. A. in pain B. in order C. in comfort D. in disappointment ‎27. A. quick B. close C. eager D. anxious ‎28. A. features B. symbols C. signs D. series ‎29. A. crucial B. small C. distinct D. tricky ‎30. A. ignore B. answer C. understand D. anticipate ‎31. A. touched B. felt C. tapped D. treated ‎32. A. appealed to B. referred to C. occurred to D. addressed to ‎33. A. help B. advice C. approval D. forture ‎34. A. exploring B. rushing C. jogging D. disappearing ‎35. A. experience B. survive C. escape D. have 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The novel coronavirus diseases（COVID-19）hit Wuhan , China, in early 2020, with the number of infected people ____36____ (rise) rapidly across the country. The viral disease that swept into most countries around ____37____ globe and killed thousands of people are officially characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, on 11 March, 2020.‎ COVID-19, ____38____ was reported, is genetically similar ____39____ the known bat coronaviruses. Wild animals sold for food were ____40____ (original) suspected to be the intermediary hosts of COVID-19 because many of the first individuals ____41____ (find) infected by the virus were workers at Huanan Seafood Market. The outbreak promoted a ban on the trade and ____42____ (consume) of wild animals in China.‎ The Chinese government and people demonstrated their responsibility with ____43____ (practice) actions. A strict national prevention and control program was swiftly put in place. Two specialized hospitals were built in less than 15 days. ____44____ (guarantee) that no family in need was left unattended to, community workers left no stone unturned in checking on every block. In those toughest days, donations in cash and kind ____45____ (make) to help battle the disease. Thanks to the joint efforts, everything is getting better and better.‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（满分15分）‎ ‎46.假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友North 在给你的邮件中说他对中国古代建筑很感兴趣，并打算利用暑假参观一下。 请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 推荐要参观的建筑；‎ ‎2. 约定参观的时间；‎ ‎3. 提出其它建议。‎ 注意：1. 词数80左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 第二节（满分25分）‎ ‎47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。‎ Deep in the forest, my husband and I had climbing over and crawling under the downed trees that blocked the dirt path before us. It was May, yet we walked up a snow-covered hill. When we noticed our jeans were wet up to our knees, it did not dampen our spirits. Not once did we say, “let’s turn around.” This was our vacation, and we were on an adventure. Little did we know this was the beginning of many more surprises. ‎ The trail was marked as an easy one-kilometer hike, yet we were already walking a long distance. Our lightheartedness stopped when we came out into a clearing and saw a parking lot without our rental car in it. As my eyes scanned the surroundings, nothing looked familiar. My heart raced. I realized we were lost in a notional park that did not officially open for another week.‎ Usually, I am the calm one in the relationship, but my husband surprised me with his calmness. This did not comfort me; In fact, it heightened my fear. As we walked, I asked my husband to call for help, but there was no cell-phone signal in this isolated（偏僻的）area.‎ It was awfully quiet except for our footsteps hitting the road, and my heavy breathing. My husband suggested we conserve energy and walk slower. With each step on the road, my feet and thighs hurt while my mind raced with thoughts about people who got lost in the Canadian woods for days.‎ My vision sharpened. I noticed everything around me: the trees, rocks and snow. I thought we could eat the snow on the ground in case we needed water. For the first time in my life, I was ready and willing to get a ride, but we did not meet with a single car on the road. Silently, I prayed multiple times. We focused on each other, made joint decisions and connected through gratitude.‎ ‎ We managed to stay on the main road and walked straight on.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）‎ ‎【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一则广告。“Becoming Jane”展览将在华盛顿特区持续到‎9月7日。文章介绍了与“Becoming Jane”有关的事宜。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中“becoming Jane”, an exhibit in Washington, D. C. through September 7. “becoming Jane” 可知，展览将在华盛顿特区持续到‎9月7日。由此可知，展览是在Washington, D. C.举行的。故选B。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中For those who have followed Goodall’s career closely, the real treat is seeing her birthday gifts and books from her childhood, field notes, Ph. D. papers and other personal belongings and photos. “对于那些密切关注古道尔职业生涯的人来说，真正的享受是看到她的生日礼物和童年时的书籍、野外笔记、博士论文以及其他个人物品和照片。”由此可知，Jane Goodall的个人物品可能最吸引她的粉丝。故选C。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段Visitors will follow the path of her childhood dream gradually coming true, then the course of her field study about chimpanzees in African wild forests, with remarkable achievements, and finally her recent life as an Animal Rights activist.“参观者将沿着她儿时的梦想逐渐实现的道路，然后是她对非洲野生森林中的黑猩猩进行实地研究的课程，取得了显著的成就，最后是她最近作为一名动物权利活动家的生活。”和PRICE $15；WHEN November 22, 2019—September 7, 2020；LOCATION 1145 17th Street NW Washington, D. C. 20036.由此可知，这是一则广告，关于 “becoming Jane”展览的广告。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了妈妈在职务之外为人提供帮助的故事。父母慷慨和关心邻居为作者树立了榜样。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句That plate is a sweet reminder of the lessons of generosity and caring for one’s neighbor that were modeled for me by my parents.“这个盘子提醒着我一段甜美的训诫，慷慨和关心邻居是我父母为我树立的榜样。”由此可知，这些盘子是父母善良的象征，所以它们很美。故选D。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中She did many of the little things that allowed elderly people to stay in their own homes. Most of her clients got Meals on Wheels, a service in the 1970s.“她做了许多小事，让老年人可以住在自己的家里。她的大多数客户都是上门送餐服务，这是20世纪70年代的一项服务。”由此可知，作者的母亲在20世纪70年代是靠为老人做家务谋生的。故选D。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中Every evening Mom would make to-go meals on these mismatched plates covered with aluminum foil, and then deliver them to the people who she knew didn’t get enough to eat.“每天晚上，妈妈都会用这些不配套的盘子做外卖，盘子上盖着铝箔纸，然后把外卖送到那些她知道吃不饱的人手中。”由此可知，作者的母亲之所以做外卖，是她想在她的职责之外给人提供帮助。故选C。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据最后一段When I was cleaning our Mom’s house after her death, I kept one as a souvenir（纪念品）. That plate is a sweet reminder of the lessons of generosity and caring for one’s neighbor that were modeled for me by my parents. “妈妈去世后，我在打扫她的房子时，留了一个作为纪念。这个盘子提醒着我一段甜美的训诫，慷慨和关心邻居是我父母为我树立的榜样。”这篇文章讲述了妈妈在职务之外用一些盘子为人提供帮助的故事。在作者眼里这些盘子是美的，是父母慷慨和关心邻居为作者树立了榜样提醒。由此可知，A项Plates of Sympathy是最佳标题。plate是文章的焦点。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】在细节考查题中有一类事实细节题 。该题属于细节类型的阅读理解题，一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。本题第2小题，根据第三段中She did many of the little things ‎ that allowed elderly people to stay in their own homes. Most of her clients got Meals on Wheels, a service in the 1970s. “她做了许多小事，让老年人可以住在自己的家里。她的大多数客户都是上门送餐服务，这是20世纪70年代的一项服务。” 由此可知，作者的母亲在20世纪70年代是靠为老人做家务谋生的。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C 11. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。这篇文章讲的是关于“假新闻的事实。”‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段“A lie can travel half way around the world before the truth can put its bots on.” That quote is attributed to Mark Twain. In today’s Internet world of “fake（假的）news”, lies spread even faster than the truth is having trouble finding its boots. “谬误总比真理流传的快。”这句话出自马克·吐温。在如今这个充斥着“假新闻”的互联网世界里，谎言的传播速度甚至比真相难以发现的速度还要快。由此可知，在第一段中提到引用是为了“介绍主题——假新闻的事实”。故选B。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句To make matters worse, most young people get news from social media sites where facts are mixed with rumors（谣言）, half-truths and complete lies.“更糟糕的是，大部分年轻人从社交媒体网站上获取新闻，这些网站上的事实夹杂着谣言、半真半假和完全的谎言。”由此可知，到处都是新闻，年轻人会很容易被假新闻骗了。故选B。‎ ‎10题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中However, if you getting most of your information online, you have to be your own editor.“然而，如果你的大部分信息都是在网上获得的，那么你就必须是你自己的校订。”由此可知，作者建议“做自己的校订”分辨真假。故选C。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段中In today’s Internet world of “fake（假的）news”, lies spread even faster than the truth is having trouble finding its boots.(在如今这个充斥着“假新闻”的互联网世界里，谎言的传播速度甚至比真相难以发现的速度还要快。)以及下文的分析可推断，这篇文章讲述有关“假新闻的事实。”故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心 要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。本题第4小题，根据第一段中In today’s Internet world of “fake（假的）news”, lies spread even faster than the truth is having trouble finding its boots.在如今这个充斥着“假新闻”的互联网世界里，谎言的传播速度甚至比真相难以发现的速度还要快。由此可知，这篇文章讲述有关“假新闻的事实。”故选A。‎ ‎【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍有关传染病的一些知识。传染病是由病原体侵入宿主而引起的疾病，病原体的活动损害宿主的组织，并可传播给其他个体。科学在战胜传染病方面起着重要作用。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第二段中Microorganisms（微生物）capable of causing disease are called pathogens. A true pathogen is an infectious agent that causes disease in any possible host. The terms “infection” and “disease” are quite different. “能够引起疾病的微生物被称为病原体。真正的病原体是在任何可能的宿主中引起疾病的传染媒介。“感染”和“疾病”的术语是完全不同的。”由此可知，第二段讲述的是“传染病的本质。”故选B。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中Indirect contact occurs when a pathogen can survive the environment outside its host for a long period of time. So lifeless objects that are polluted by direct contact with the infection source may be the indirect contact for easily infected group. “当病原体能够在其宿主外的环境中存活很长一段时间的时候接接触发生，因此，直接接触传染源而被污染的无生命物体可能是易感染人群的间接接触。”由此可推断，“一个生病的孩子在玩的玩具”可能通过间接接触引起疾病传播。故选B。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第四段中Prevent infection before it begins and avoid spreading it to others with some easy measures, such as washing hands, getting vaccinated and so on.“‎ 在感染开始传播前预防感染，并且通过一些简单的措施，如洗手、接种疫苗等，避免传播给他人。”由此可知，Personally, the first line of defense is to keep pathogen at bay by following good personal hygiene（卫生）habits.（就我个人而言，第一道防线就是遵循良好的个人卫生习惯，远离病原体。）中的划线部分at bay的意思是远离病原体，也就是病原体“被控制住”。故选C。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Nevertheless, it is increasingly difficult for most of us to deny the claims of science. We are continually presented with great amounts of relevant scientific and medical knowledge, which encourages us to take more responsibility for our own health. “然而，我们大多数人越来越难以否认科学的断言。我们不断地接触大量相关的科学和医学知识，这鼓励我们为自己的健康承担更多的责任。”由此可知，科学在战胜传染病方面起着重要作用。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer, suggest, imply, conclude indicate等标志性词语。本题第4小题，根据最后一段中Nevertheless, it is increasingly difficult for most of us to deny the claims of science. We are continually presented with great amounts of relevant scientific and medical knowledge, which encourages us to take more responsibility for our own health. “然而，我们大多数人越来越难以否认科学的断言。我们不断地接触大量相关的科学和医学知识，这鼓励我们为自己的健康承担更多的责任。”由此可知，科学在战胜传染病方面起着重要作用。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】16. G 17. E 18. C 19. B 20. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍40年前问世索尼卡式随身听。它完全改变了人们听音乐的方式。卡式随身听大获成功。它开创了“个人”音乐的潮流，并导致了iPod、iPhone和其他我们今天使用的音乐播放设备的出现。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据下文提示“小的便携式收音机听起来不太好，通常只有一个小耳机放在一只耳朵里。”‎ 承接下文，G项Before the Walkman came out, there wasn’t a good portable way to listen to music.（在随身听问世之前，还没有一种好的便携式听歌方式。）切题。故选G。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据上文提示“名字的‘行走’部分很重要。”再根据下文提示“现在，我们已经习惯了这个想法，但是在1979年，这个想法很特别。”承接上下文，E项 It meant that you could listen to your own music as you walked around.（这意味着你可以边走边听自己的音乐。）切题。故选E。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据上文提示“另一件不太好的事情。但在当时，这种声音让人们惊叹不已。”承接上文，C项It almost felt like the music was playing inside your head.（感觉就像音乐在你脑子里播放。）切题。故选C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据上文提示“许多人认为它不会卖得很好，因为它不能录制音乐。然而，随身听非常受欢迎。”再根据下文提示“但是无论谁发明了这个设备，大多数人都一直用‘随身听’这个名字。”承接上下文，B项Soon other companies were imitating Sony’s device.（很快，其他公司开始模仿索尼的设备。）切题。故选B。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据上文提示“在今天的手机或其他音乐播放器上，你可能有成百上千首歌曲。但是随身听的选择要少得多。”再根据下文提示“如果你想听某首歌，你需要绕回或倒带剩下的部分来得到你想听的那首歌。”承接上下文，A项The Walkman then could only play cassette tapes.（当时随身听只能播放盒式磁带。）切题。故选A。‎ 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）‎ ‎【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一只受伤的考拉来到作者家的附近寻求帮助的故事。作者是一名护士，为他疗伤，然后放他回归大自然。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我第一次在我家附近碰到考拉。A. grabbed攫取，捕获；B. encountered遇到；C. investigated研究，调查；D. tackled解决，处理。根据第21空后的 a koala in my neighborhood可知，此处指 “遇到”考拉。故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多么令人吃惊啊! A. chance机会；B. relief慰，缓解；C. surprise惊讶；D. message消息。根据第23空前的I was wondering why he was here可知，在家附近遇到考拉是令人“惊讶的”。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我想知道他为什么会在这里，因为考拉很少从树上下来，也不喜欢走路。A. frequently频繁地；B. slightly轻微地；C. mostly主要地；D. rarely很少，难得。根据第23空后的didn’t like walking, either可知，考拉“很少”从树上下来。故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查词组。句意：再说一遍，周围没有桉树。A. Once more再一次；B. Ever since从那时到现在；C. Just then就在那时；D. Then again其次，还有。根据第24空后的there was no eucalyptus（桉树）around.可知，此处指很少见到考拉的另一个理由，所以与上文联系，这里应该是“其次，还有”。故选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者是袋鼠岛的丛林大火把他逼到了这里?A. pursued追求，获得；B. drove逼迫，驾驶；C. followed跟随；D. cast投。根据第25空前的the bushfire across Kangaroo Island可知，此处指大火把它“逼到”了这里。故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查固定短语辨析。句意：他只是坐在那里，显然很痛苦，看着我，好像在让我帮助他摆脱痛苦。A. in pain痛苦；B. in order整齐；C. in comfort舒适地；D. in disappointment失望地。根据第26空后的like helping me out of my suffering. 可知，他很“痛苦”。故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：仔细一看，我发现他的背部有一道长长的伤口，有血迹，有攻击的迹象，也有其他锋利的东西割伤的痕迹。A. quick迅速的；B. close靠近的，紧密的；C. eager渴望的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据第27空后的I discovered a long cut at his back with bloods可知，此处指 “靠近”看考拉。故选B。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：仔细一看，我发现他的背部有一道长长的伤口，有血迹，有攻击的迹象，也有其他锋利的东西割伤的痕迹。A. features特征；B. symbols象征，符号；‎ C. signs标志；D. series系列。根据第28空后的attacks or cuts of something sharp in some other way可知，此处指有受伤的 “迹象。”故选C。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这不是一个棘手的问题，因为我是一名护士。A. crucial 重要的；B. small小的；C. distinct明显的；D. tricky棘手的，狡猾的。根据第29空后的as I was a nurse可知，此处指对作者来说这并不是一个 “棘手的”问题。故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我用药水治疗伤口时，这个可怜的灵魂似乎完全理解了我的好意。A. ignore忽视；B. answer回答；C. understand明白，理解；D. anticipate预料。根据第30空后的my kindness和下文的After the treatment可知，考拉 “理解”作者的好意。故选C。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我用药水治疗伤口时，这个可怜的灵魂似乎完全理解了我的好意。A. touched触摸，感动；B. felt感觉；C. tapped轻敲；D. treated对待，治疗。根据第31空后的the cut with the liquid可知，此处指作者为考拉“治疗”。故选D。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词词组。句意：我突然想起他是来寻求我的帮助的! A. appealed to呼吁，吸引；B. referred to提到，涉及到；C. occurred to发生，想起；D. addressed to收信姓名和地址。固定句式：It occurred to sb. that…“某人突然想起”。故选C。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然想起他是来寻求我的帮助的! A. help帮助；B. advice建议；C. approval批准，认可；D. fortune运气。此处指考拉受伤，来寻求“帮助。”故选A。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：治疗结束后，我看着这只考拉终于消失在野外，希望它能挺过这段艰难的日子，过自己应该过的生活。A. exploring探索；B. rushing猛冲；C. jogging慢跑；D. disappearing消失。根据第34空前后的内容After the treatment，和in the wild,可知，考拉“消失”在野外。故选D。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：治疗结束后，我看着这只考拉终于消失在野外，希望它能挺过这段艰难的日子，过自己应该过的生活。A. experience体验；B. survive幸存；C. escape 逃脱；D. have有。根据第35空后的the hard time and live his life as he should可知，作者希望考拉“幸存”于磨难日子。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】36. rising 37. the 38. As 39. to 40. originally 41. found 42. consumption 43. practical 44. To guarantee 45. were made ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇新闻报道。2020年初，新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)袭击中国武汉，全国感染人数迅速上升。文章报道了与新型冠状病毒病有关的一些事宜。由于中国政府和人民的共同努力，一切都变得越来越好。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查现在分词作宾语补足语。句意：2020年初，新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)袭击中国武汉，全国感染人数迅速上升。此处是with的独立主格结构作状语，with+宾语+宾语补足语，是固定结构，其中the number of infected people和rise之间是主动关系，是现在分词作宾语补足语，故填rising。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查定冠词the。句意：‎2020年3月11日，世界卫生组织正式将席卷全球大多数国家并导致数千人死亡的病毒性疾病定义为大流行。此处用定冠词the表示特指，故填the。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：据报道，COVID-19在基因上与已知的蝙蝠冠状病毒相似。固定句型：as is reported“正如所报道的”。此处as是关系代词，意思是“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句。故填as。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查固定词组。句意：据报道，COVID-19在基因上与已知的蝙蝠冠状病毒相似。固定词组：be similar to“与……相似”。故填to。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：最初，人们怀疑作为食物出售的野生动物是2019冠状病毒病的中间宿主，因为许多第一批被发现感染该病毒的人是华南海鲜市场的工作人员。此处suspected是过去分词，由副词修饰，故填originally。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：最初，人们怀疑作为食物出售的野生动物是2019‎ 冠状病毒病的中间宿主，因为许多第一批被发现感染该病毒的人是华南海鲜市场的工作人员。此处individuals和find之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填found。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：这次爆发促使中国禁止野生动物贸易和消费。分析句子结构the trade and ________ (consume) of可知此处用名词形式与名词trade并列。所给词consume是动词，其名词形式是consumption。故填consumption。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：中国政府和人民以实际行动证明了他们的责任。此处actions是名词，由形容词修饰，所给词practice是名词，其形容词是practical，故填practical。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了保证没有一个需要帮助的家庭无人照料，社区工作人员想尽一切办法对每一个街区进行检查。此处是动词不定式做目的状语。故填To guarantee。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查一般过去时态的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在那些最艰难的日子里，现金和实物捐赠被用来帮助抗击疾病。根据In those toughest days可知这里在指过去的事情，句子主语donations是复数形式，和make之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填were made。‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（满分15分）‎ ‎【答案】Dear Noah,‎ I’m really glad that you take great interest in ancient Chinese architecture.‎ Millions of ancient architectures have survived in China’s history. However, there is no better place to visit than the Forbidden City in Beijing. It served as a royal palace for centuries. Summer is a good time for traveling, so shall we go there on August 1? I believe you’ll have a better experience if you know its history. You’d better do some research online.‎ Please let me know if you need further information.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友North 在给你的邮件中说他对中国古代建筑很感兴趣，并打算利用暑假参观一下。 请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：1. 推荐要参观的建筑；2. 约定参观的时间；3. 提出其它建议。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：take great interest in ancient Chinese architecture（我对中国古代建筑很感兴趣）；Millions of ancient architectures（数以百万计的古建筑）；the Forbidden City in Beijing（北京的故宫）；等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。文中使用高级句子。I’m really glad that you take great interest in ancient Chinese architecture.句中使用that引导的宾语从句；there is no better place to visit than the Forbidden City in Beijing.句中使用比较级；I believe you’ll have a better experience if you know its history.句中使用宾语从句和条件状语从句。‎ 第二节（满分25分）‎ ‎【答案】My husband suddenly spotted a small building on a hill in the distance. In no time did we find ourselves heading for it. We were filled with hope and excitement to find such a building in the middle of nowhere. We climbed up the hill at a swinging pace as if all the pains were gone. As we approached, a sign came into sight, which read: Administration Office. However, it was not open for business. The empty hall made us nervous all at once. We stood there hopelessly wondering what to do next.‎ Just then, a friendly woman appeared, saying, “Hello.” I could barely hold back my enthusiasm and blurted out, “We’re lost!” She comforted us and opened a room for us to take a break. Seeing we were cold and hungry, she treated us with hot chocolate. After studying the map, we figured out that our car was parked over three kilometers away. She offered us a ride back to our car and we accepted gladly. I felt relieved to see our rental car again. What a blessing to have such an unforgettable experience!‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达考查读后续写。‎ ‎【详解】1.第一段给出的首句是My husband suddenly spotted a small building on a hill in the distance.这一句是故事发展的转折点。可以从“我们很快就发现自己正朝那个方向走去。”入手扩展开去，——无论从何角度拓展，需注意与续写第二段首句呼应。本段最后一句应该用We stood there hopelessly wondering what to do next.“我们站在那里，不知道下一步该怎么办。”与下段第一句中的Just then衔接紧密。‎ ‎2.第二段所给首句Just then, a friendly woman appeared, saying, “Hello.”这一句呼应前文，紧接着可以从“我几乎抑制不住自己的热情，脱口而出:‘我们迷路了!’”入手续写。根据常识，这位女士看到我们迷路了，安慰我们，给我们东西吃。然后我们拿出地图找到租赁的汽车。‎ ‎【点睛】这是一篇续写。段落衔接紧密，语句环环紧扣，符合语境。同时文中使用高级句子。In no time did we find ourselves heading for it.句中使用部分倒装；We were filled with hope and excitement to find such a building in the middle of nowhere.动词不定式作目的状语；We stood there hopelessly wondering what to do next.现在分词作伴随状语；Seeing we were cold and hungry, she treated us with hot chocolate.现在分词作时间状语；What a blessing to have such an unforgettable experience!感叹句运用巧妙。‎