【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词中过去分词作状语练与析学案（6页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词中过去分词作状语练与析学案（6页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 非谓语动词中过去分词作状语练与析 一、过去分词作状语的基本用法：‎ 过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件，表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。过去分词可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用逗号与主句隔开。例如：‎ ‎1. 原因状语 Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe.  他被浓烟呛了，几乎不能呼吸。‎ Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。‎ Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. 受到夜晚响声的惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间。‎ ‎2. 时间状语 Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及为何做这件事，班长说这是他的职责。‎ Approached in the dark, the lights looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑暗中走近那些电灯时，他们显得孤单而无意义。‎ Left to itself in the room, the baby began to cry.当被孤独地留在房间里时，婴儿哭了起来。‎ ‎3. 条件状语 Seen in this aspect, the matter isn’t as serious as people generally suppose.  如果从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般预料的那样严重。‎ Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided.  要是多加注意，那次事故就能避免了。‎ Watered more, these cabbages could have grown better. 如果多浇点水，这些大白菜还可以长的得更好。‎ ‎4. 方式或伴随状语 Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。‎ He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。‎ The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那位老人在妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。‎ ‎5. 让步状语 Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandi created the principle of nonviolent resistance. 尽管受警察的殴打并被投入监狱，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。‎ Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart.  尽管再次被击败，他也没有灰心。‎ Waited by others for over half an hour, he didn’t turn up at the meeting. 尽管别人等了他半个多小时，他还是没有到会。‎ ‎6. 独立成份（插入语）‎ Given good weather (= Weather permitting), our ship will reach Shanghai on Monday evening. 天气好的话，我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。‎ I’d come and see you in New York, given the chance. 如果有机会，我就到纽约来看你。‎ 二、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 ‎1. 逻辑关系 现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系不同。‎ ‎(1) 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。‎ He went out, shutting the door behind him.  他出去后将门随手关上。‎ Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。‎ ‎(2) 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。‎ Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better. 如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。‎ Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。‎ ‎(3) 部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in ‎（陷入某种状态）、seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、based on（根据）、absorbed in (沉溺于）、born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、devoted to（专一于） tired of（厌烦了）等。‎ Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.  因为沉溺于思考中，他没有听到那个声音。‎ Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it. 出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。‎ ‎2. 时间概念 过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时存在。‎ 现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for+一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其它情况下通常被过去分词所替换，使句式更简洁。‎ Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.  因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。‎ Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. 他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。‎ Having finished his homework, he went home. 完成了作业，他就回家了。‎ Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made. 进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。‎ 小试牛刀：用所给动词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ (allow) more patients to be treated.‎ ‎2.________ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.‎ ‎3.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, ________ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.‎ ‎4.Much time ________ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.‎ ‎5.________ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.‎ ‎6.________ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.‎ ‎ ‎ Keys: ‎ ‎1.allowing；2.Ordered； 3.making； 4.spent； 5.Raised； 6.Based