【英语】2018届人教版选修6Unit4Globalwarming单元学案设计（39页）

【英语】2018届人教版选修6Unit4Globalwarming单元学案设计（39页）

‎2018届人教版选修6Unit4Global warming单元学案设计 一重点词汇回顾 ‎1 Make a list of the things that consume energy in your home，school，or any other places you can think of.列举一些在家里、学校里或者其他你能想到的地方消耗能量的东西。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The car consumes a lot of fuel.这辆汽车很费燃料。‎ She consumed the big cake.她把那块大蛋糕吃光了。‎ 归纳拓展 consumer n．消费者 consumption n．消费(量)，消耗(量)‎ timeconsuming adj.耗费时间的 consumer goods(家用)消费品 consuming adj.使人全神贯注的；强烈的 ‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)新的灯泡耗电量更小。‎ The_new_light_bulbs_consume_less_electricity.‎ ‎(2)足球让许多孩子都非常着迷 Football_is_a_consuming_passion_for_lots_of_kids.‎ ‎2 So how has this come about and does it matter?‎ 那么这是如何产生的，有什么要紧吗？(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 whether he is satisfied.‎ 他满意与否对我关系不大(不重要)。‎ 归纳拓展 matter可用作名词，意为“物质，物品；要紧，重要性；问题，毛病(与with连用)”。‎ organic (inorganic) matter有机(无机)物 Any kind of matter has three states.‎ 任何物质都有三种状态。‎ It makes no matter to us whether he will come.‎ 他来不来对我们无关紧要。‎ a matter of ……的事情/问题 as a matter of fact＝in fact事实上 no matter whether (if)不管是否 ‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)他问我出了什么事。‎ He_asked_me_what_was_the_matter.‎ ‎(2)他问我那是什么东西(物质)‎ He_asked_me_what_the_matter_was.‎ ‎3 All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy.所有的科学家都支持地球温度升高是由于燃烧像煤、天然气和石油等化石燃料来制造能量而引起的这种观点。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Chris subscribes to an environmental action group.‎ 克里斯定期捐款给一个环保行动组织。‎ We don’t subscribe to the view that we have failed.‎ 我们不同意我们已经失败了的观点。‎ What newspaper do you subscribe to?‎ 你订阅哪份报纸？‎ 归纳拓展 subscribe to...订阅(报纸或杂志)；同意，赞同……；向……捐款 subscribe for...认购(股票)‎ subscription n.‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)我们订阅所有主要的医学杂志。‎ We subscribe_to all the main medical journals.‎ ‎(2)你同意这个建议吗？‎ Do you subscribe_to the proposal?‎ ‎4 This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere，like carbon dioxide...即当大气中微量气体像二氧化碳……(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 A million dollars is a large amount of money to me.‎ ‎100万美元对我来说是一笔巨款。‎ No amount of discussion will help.‎ 再多的讨论也没有帮助。‎ 归纳拓展 ＋不可数名词，大量/少量的…… ‎ the amount of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词 a large amount of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 large amounts of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用复数 完成句子 ‎(1)账单上金额总计多少？‎ What is the_amount of the bill?‎ ‎(2)一定的压力可以是好事。‎ A_certain_amount of stress can be a good thing.‎ ‎5 The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 He prefers quantity to quality when food is concerned.‎ 就食物而言，他讲究量不讲究质。‎ Quantities of food and tents were sent to Wenchuan from Shandong.‎ 大量的食品和帐篷被从山东运到汶川。‎ 归纳拓展 in quantity大量 quantities of＋＋复数谓语动词 许多的，大量的 a quantity of＋ 许多的，大量的 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)房间里有许多老鼠。‎ There are quantities_of rats in the room.‎ ‎(2)那家印刷公司成批买纸。‎ The printing office buys paper in_quantity.‎ ‎6 It means that more heat energy tends_to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.它意味着更多的热能会被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 She tends to get angry too easily.她很容易生气。‎ Mom was usually busy tending (to) my younger sisters.‎ 妈妈通常要忙于照顾我的妹妹们。‎ 归纳拓展 tend to do sth.往往……；趋向于……‎ tend (to) sb./sth.照顾……；看护……‎ tend towards有……倾向 tendency n.‎ tendentious adj.‎ ‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)健身房6点钟左右往往很忙。‎ The_gym_tends_to_get_very_busy_at_about_six_o’clock.‎ ‎(2)一队军医在照看伤员。‎ A_team_of_army_doctors_were_tending_the_wounded.‎ ‎7 In fact，Hambley states，“More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing...”实际上，汉姆布雷说：“更多的二氧化碳是一件好事……”(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 state v．陈述，说明，阐明，往往是“详细陈述”之意，是正式用词，其名词形式为statement(陈述)。‎ He didn’t state whether the information was true.‎ 他没有说明信息是否属实。‎ ‎“Jemma is going back with me，”George stated firmly.‎ ‎“杰玛会和我一起回去，”乔治坚决地说。‎ 归纳拓展 state a fact/opinion陈述事实/观点 state the obvious陈述显而易见的事 state n．状态，状况，情形；政府；州，邦 The child’s poor state of health makes his parents anxious.‎ 孩子健康欠佳使得父母很焦虑。‎ If elected，they want to cut back the powers of the state.‎ 如果当选，他们要削减政府的权力。‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)图书馆里一切井然有序。‎ Everything in the library is in a_state_of_order.‎ ‎(2)候选人在一系列的会议上陈述了他们的情况。‎ The candidates stated their case at a series of meetings.‎ ‎8range n．种类，范围；一系列；变化的幅度；界限；射程 ‎“...it will encourage a greater range of animals—all of which will make life for human beings better.”“……，还会促进动物种类的增多——所有这些都能改善人们的生活。”(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 This store sells a wide range/wide ranges of TV sets.‎ 这家商店出售各种型号的电视机。‎ The price of the house is well beyond our range.‎ 房子的价格远远超出了我们能承受的范围。‎ 归纳拓展 in/within range (of sth.)(……的)范围之内 out of range (of sth.)(……的)范围之外 range还可以用作动词，表示“(在一定范围内)变化、变动；排列，整理；涉及”。‎ Costs range from 50 to several hundred pounds.‎ 花费在50英镑到九百英镑之间。‎ They asked questions ranging over the whole subject of science.‎ 他们所提的问题广泛涉及整个自然科学领域。‎ Boxes of books were ranged against the wall.‎ 成箱的书靠墙排列着。‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)这些汽车的价格在5万美元和12万美元之间。‎ The prices of the cars range_from 50,000 dollars to 120,000 dollars.‎ ‎(2)请将货物整齐地排列在商店橱窗里。‎ Please range the goods neatly in the shop window.‎ ‎9 So how has this come_about and does it matter？那么这是如何发生的，是否要紧？(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The driver wouldn’t tell me how the accident came about.‎ 司机就是不告诉我事故是怎么发生的。‎ The situation should never have come about.‎ 这种情况本来不应该发生的。‎ 归纳拓展 come across偶遇；穿越 come back回来；重新流行 come down降下；减低；传下来；崩塌 come in进来；到达 come out出来；开花；出版；结果是……‎ come up上来；被提出讨论；发芽(无被动式)‎ come up with追上，赶上，不落后 come to结果达到；总数达到；苏醒 come along进展，进行 ‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？‎ Can you tell me how the accident came_about?‎ ‎(2)我真不明白你居然犯了这么个错误。‎ I’ll never understand how_it_came_about that you made such a mistake.‎ ‎10 They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted_in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们还认为是由于越来越多的燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The fire resulted in eleven people being killed and the destruction of the factory.‎ 火灾造成了十一人死亡，工厂被烧毁。‎ The fresh policy results in economic development.‎ 那项新政策促进经济发展。‎ 归纳拓展 result是不及物动词，与in连用，表示“引起某种结果”，句子的主语是原因，in的宾语是结果。‎ result from “由于……而造成的后果”，后接导致某事的原因 result in后接某事的结果 as a result为固定词组，意为“结果，因此”，在句中作状语，常置于句首，并用逗号和句子隔开 as a result of...作为……的结果 without result毫无结果地 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)他们的争端导致了战争。‎ Their dispute resulted_in war.‎ ‎(2)成功源于努力工作。‎ Success results_from hard work.‎ ‎11 On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are_opposed_to this view，...另一方面，有一些人反对这种观点，像汉姆布雷，……(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 I am opposed to the new plan.我反对这项新计划。‎ They were firmly opposed to helping the bad boy.‎ 他们坚决反对帮助这个坏男孩。‎ 归纳拓展 be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)……‎ as opposed to与……不同；而不是 opposing adj.对立的；截然相反的 oppose vt.反对；抵制 ‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)他强烈反对这场战争。‎ He_was_bitterly_opposed_to_the_war.‎ ‎(2)一些居民反对以马丁·路德·金的名字命名这所高中。‎ Some_residents_were_opposed_to_naming_the_high_school_after_Martin_Luther_King.‎ ‎12 Greenhouse gases continue to build_up in the atmosphere.温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Traffic is building up车辆在增多。‎ This built up my hope after the interview.‎ 面试过后增加了我的希望。‎ 归纳拓展 build up one’s health增进健康 build up a good reputation树立良好的声誉 build up the business扩大企业 build up a picture of...构思……；设想……‎ build bridges沟通 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)她白手起家，生意逐渐兴隆。‎ She built the business up from nothing.‎ ‎(2)体育运动能增强我们的体质。‎ Sports and games can build_up_our_bodies.‎ ‎13 The consequence of a rising sea level would be widespread flooding.海平面上升的结果将是洪水的大面积泛滥。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 There is a widespread dissatisfaction among the students with the food on campus.‎ 学生普遍对学校的饭菜不太满意。‎ Foxes are becoming more widespread in urban areas.‎ 城区里的狐狸越来越多了。‎ 归纳拓展 widespreadly adv.大大地，广泛地 It is widespreadly known that...很多人知道……‎ widespread damage大面积的损坏 widespread confusion各处呈现的混乱 the widespread use of chemicals in agriculture农业上化学品的广泛使用 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)这个项目得到了公众的普遍支持。‎ The project has received widespread_public_support.‎ ‎(2)地震给这个城市带来了大面积的损坏。‎ The earthquake caused widespread_damage to the city.‎ ‎14 The greenhouse effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15℃.温室效应给了地球表面15℃的平均温度。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The average age of the athletes is 20.‎ 这些运动员的平均年龄是20岁。‎ There’s nothing special about him；he’s only average.‎ 他没有什么特别的，是个很普通的人。‎ 归纳拓展 average n．平均数；平均标准；普通 Do you know how to work out an average?‎ 你知道如何计算平均数吗？‎ Is the fiveday week the average now?‎ 现在一般人每周工作5天吗？‎ above/below (the) average在平均水准以上/以下 on (the/an) average平均地 up to (the) average达到平均的 the average age/temperature/rainfall平均年龄/气温/降雨量 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)汤姆在学校的功课在一般以上，而约翰的功课在一般以下。‎ Tom’s work at school is above_the_average，while John’s is below_the_average.‎ ‎(2)平均而言，她每天收到五封信。‎ On_average，she received five letters a day.‎ ‎15 Lowlying countries feel their very existence is in danger from rising sea levels.地势低洼的国家感觉他们的生存处于海平面不断上升带来的危险中。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Do you believe in the existence of ghosts?‎ 你相信有鬼吗？‎ Sudan came into existence at the end of the 1800s.‎ 苏丹国于19世纪末开始形成。‎ 归纳拓展 come into existence产生，成立 in existence现存的 a handtomouth existence勉强糊口的生活 exist v．存在；实际上有 exist on靠……生存 existing adj.现行的，目前的 existent adj.现有的 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)这座房子是现存的最古老的木制建筑。‎ The house is the oldest wooden building in_existence.‎ ‎(2)这些检测证实了脑瘤的存在。‎ The tests confirm the_existence_of a brain tumour.‎ ‎16 There are many people who have a commitment like yours，...有许多人跟你有同感，……(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The government has failed to demonstrate its commitment to the railways.‎ 政府未能证明它对铁路的支持。‎ The government will continue too honour its commitment to pensioners.‎ 政府将一如既往地向领取养老金的人兑现承诺。‎ 归纳拓展 commitment to...对……的拥护 honour/fulfil/meet a commitment兑现承诺 make a commitment (to do sth.)做出承诺(做……)‎ commit vt.使同意；使承诺；vi.同意，承诺 commit to (doing) sth.承诺(做)……，答应(做)……‎ commit sb.to (doing) sth.使某人承诺做……；使某人答应(做)……‎ ‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)我们已经答应帮忙，就一定会做到的。‎ We’ve_made_a_commitment_to_help，and_we_will.‎ ‎(2)我不想定下具体的日期。‎ I_do_not_want_to_commit_to_any_particular_date.‎ ‎17 Don’t be casual about this.别对这种事漫不经心。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The bar has a casual lowkey atmosphere.‎ 酒吧的气氛轻松而低调。‎ The disease can’t be spread by casual contact.‎ 偶然的接触不会传染该疾病。‎ 归纳拓展 casual clothes休闲服 casual labourer临时工 a casual meeting remark邂逅/随口说出的话 casually adv.随便地，漫不经心地 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)即使偶尔看报纸商务版的人也能意识到他的影响力。‎ Even casual readers of the business pages will be aware of his influence.‎ ‎(2)她一边等一边漫不经心地翻看报纸。‎ She glanced casually through newspapers as she waited.‎ ‎18 Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.如果情况允许的话，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 In/Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.‎ 在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。‎ In/Under no circumstances should a baby be left alone in the house.‎ 无论如何都不能把婴儿独自留在家里。‎ 归纳拓展 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；情况既然如此 in/under no circumstances决不，无论如何都不，放在句首时主句用倒装语序 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)我无论如何不会拿你和她作比较。‎ I would never in_any_circumstances dream of comparing her with you.‎ ‎(2)他们在那种情况下还做得那么好，这真令人惊奇。‎ It’s amazing that they did so well under/in_the_circumstances.‎ ‎19 I have learned about phrases I can use to express agreement or disagreement.我学过可以用来表示同意或意见不一致的短语。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Just because we’ve had a few disagreements，it doesn’t mean we aren’t still friends.‎ 仅仅因为我们有过几次意见不合并不能说明我们不再是朋友。‎ There is a lot of disagreement among/between the doctors about this.关于此事医生中有许多不同的意见。‎ 归纳拓展 disagreement with sb.与某人发生争执/意见不一 disagreement over/about sth.在……上意见不一 be in disagreement with sb.和某人意见不一致 disagree v．有分歧；意见不合 disagreeable adj.令人不高兴的；讨厌的 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)钱是造成许多夫妇不合的一个根源。‎ Money is a source of disagreement_between many couples.‎ ‎(2)我吃海鲜不舒服。‎ Seafood disagrees_with me.‎ ‎20 On_the_whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern.总的来说，地球变暖是一个引起广泛关注的现象。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 On the whole，the world were satisfied with the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics.‎ 总的来说，全世界人民对北京奥运会的开幕式是满意的。‎ On the whole，it is a happy marriage.‎ 总的看来，这是个幸福的婚姻。‎ 归纳拓展 as a whole总体上，整个来看 the whole of...整个……‎ in the whole world在全世界 the whole point要点，主旨 ‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)总的说来，这是一次很成功的会议。‎ It_was_a_pretty_good_conference_on_the_whole.‎ ‎ (2)这次会议的主要目的是讨论财政问题 The_whole_point_of_this_meeting_was_to_discuss_finances.‎ ‎21 Together，individuals can make_a_difference.众人拾柴火焰高。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The sea air has made a difference to her health.‎ 海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。‎ The fact that I can now organize my own time makes a big difference.‎ 我现在可以安排自己的时间，这样情况就大不相同了。‎ It makes a difference to me.它对我很重要。‎ 归纳拓展 在difference前可加no，some，much，any，little等作定语 make some difference有些影响/差别 make no difference没有影响/差别 make all the difference大不相同 make little difference几乎没有影响/差别 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)雨对比赛的影响不大。‎ The rain didn’t make_much_difference to the games.‎ ‎(2)什么时间完成任务无关紧要。‎ When to finish the task makes_no_difference.‎ ‎22 We do not have to put_up_with pollution.我们不必去忍受污染．(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 We have to put up with the inconvenience.‎ 我们不得不忍受不便之处。‎ Now you see what I have to put up with!‎ 现在你明白我不得不忍受什么了吧！‎ 归纳拓展 put aside节省(时间，钱)，储蓄 put away(用完之后)收好，储存……备用 put back拨回；推迟 put down写下，记下；击败，镇压 put forward提出(意见、建议)；推荐，提名；将……提前 put off推迟，延期 put on增加；上演(戏剧)；穿上，戴上 put out熄灭；生产；出版 put up举起；张贴；为……提供食宿 ‎ 佳句背诵 ‎(1)作为一个家庭主妇，那个妇女要忍受许多烦恼。‎ That woman，as a housewife，has a lot to put up with.‎ ‎(2)我再也不能容忍你的恶劣行径了！‎ I can’t put up with your bad behaviour any longer!‎ ‎23 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on_so_long_as you are using it...只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，……(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 You may use the room so/as long as you clean it up.‎ 只要你把它收拾干净，你就可以使用这个房间。‎ You may borrow the book as/so long as you keep it clean.‎ 只要你不把书弄脏，就可以借给你。‎ 归纳拓展 as long as 只能用于肯定句，而so long as既可用于肯定句又能用于否定句。‎ as long as还可意为“与……一样长，长达……”。‎ on condition that如果；在……的条件下 You may borrow this book，on condition that you do not lend it to anyone else.‎ 你可以借这本书，条件是你不能再借给别人。‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)只要你有自信，你会获胜的。‎ So/As_long_as you have confidence in yourself，you will win.‎ ‎(2)我们需要一条30米长的绳子。‎ We need a rope as_long_as 30 metres.‎ ‎24 So if you are not using the lights，the TV，the computer，and_so_on，turn them off.因此当你不用灯、电视、电脑等等时，将它们关上。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 He has many hobbies—go fishing，go hiking，play table tennis and so on.‎ 他有很多业余爱好——钓鱼，徒步旅行，打乒乓球等。‎ It’s surprising to hear such a little boy count 1,2,3 and so on/forth up to 100.‎ 听到这么小的孩子从1,2,3……一直数到100，真是令人惊讶。‎ 归纳拓展 and so on用于不完全列举，相当于and so forth not so...不太……，不很……‎ not so very...不太……‎ or so左右，上下 and so sb./sth. is某人/某物的确/确定……‎ Is that so？是真的吗？‎ ‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)他们有权拥有自己的文化、宗教、语言等等。‎ They_have_a_right_to_have_their_own_culture，their_own_religion，their_own_language_and_so_on.‎ ‎(2)雇员总是在抱怨他们的工资，工作环境等等 Employees_were_always_complaining_about_their_wages，their_working_conditions_and_so_on.‎ 二 重点句式回顾 ‎1 用法点拨 There is no doubt that you will succeed if you try your best.‎ 毫无疑问如果你尽最大努力你一定会成功。‎ There is no doubt that Americans are deep in love with the computer.毫无疑问，美国人已深深爱上了电脑。‎ I have no doubt that we shall be able to do something for you.‎ 毫无疑问，我们能为你做点事。‎ 归纳拓展 在 There is/I have no doubt 后常可跟 that 引导的从句；在肯定句中，doubt 后面有时可跟 whether 引导的从句。There is no/some room for doubt... 没有怀疑余地/有可疑处……‎ 常用结构：‎ There is no knowing/telling...没法知道/说……‎ There is no need...没有必要……‎ There is no question...……是没有问题的 There is no reason...没有理由……‎ There is no possibility that没有可能……‎ It is no/small wonder that /No wonder that... 难怪……‎ It is a wonder that...真奇怪/真是令人惊奇……‎ 句型转换 ‎(1)It is certain that he will come back at once.‎ There is no doubt that he will be back in no time.‎ I have no doubt that he will be back immediately.‎ I have no doubt of his coming back before long.‎ There is no room for doubt that he will be back soon.‎ ‎(2)He doesn’t need to stay in Paris any more.‎ There is no need for him to remain in Paris any more.‎ ‎2“We can’t predict the climate well enough to know what to expect,...”“我们预报气候不够准确以至于不能知道要发生的事……” 用法点拨 She doesn’t sing well enough to be a singer.‎ 她唱得不够好以至于不能成为歌唱家。‎ I don’t know him well enough to tell what he wants.‎ 我对他不太了解以至于无法说出他要什么。‎  归纳拓展 not...enough to do sth.要译成“不够……以至于不能……”；enough表示它前面的形容词、副词的程度，不定式表示由此产生的结果或行动，enough后面不能接that从句。‎ so...as to...(表示结果)如此……以致……‎ so...that...(引起结果从句，口语中可省略that)如此……以致……‎ such...as to...这样……以致……‎ such...that...(可省略that)如此……以致……‎ so that(引起目的从句，常与may，can，will连用；从句在后，从句前无逗号)为了，以便；(也可引起结果从句，从句前可用逗号隔开)因此 ‎ 句型转换 ‎(1)She is so young that she can’t go to school.‎ She is not old enough to go to school.‎ She is so young as not to go to school.‎ She is such a young girl that she can’t go to school.‎ ‎(2)Are you so naive as to imagine this is not taking place elsewhere?‎ Are you naive enough_to imagine this is not taking place elsewhere?‎ Are you so naive that you will imagine this is not taking place elsewhere?‎ ‎3．..，if not，turn it off！……，如果不用就把它关掉！‎ 用法点拨 if not在本句是if you are not using it的省略形式 I think the train leaves at midday.You’d better take a taxi.If not，maybe you’ll miss it.‎ 我想火车是正午开，你最好打的去，否则可能会误车的。‎ I think there is a train at midday.If not，you’ll have to wait till 2：30.‎ 我想中午会有一班火车。要是没有，你只好等到两点半了。‎ Please point out the mistakes in my homework，if any.‎ 如果我作业中有错误的话，请指出来。‎ 归纳拓展 有关if的常用省略形式有if any如果有，即使有 if ever如果曾经 if possible/necessary如果可能/有必要 if so如果这样/那样的话 有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步的状语从句，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语动词的一部分省略。‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)她建议我除非被问，否则什么都不要说。‎ She advised me not to say anything unless_asked.‎ ‎(2)恐怕即使还有食物，也只剩下一点了。‎ I’m afraid there’s very little food left，if_any.‎ ‎4 用法点拨 It takes many men to build a house.‎ 建造一幢房屋需要很多人。‎ It takes two to make a quarrel.‎ 一个巴掌拍不响。‎ It took us four hours to do the job.‎ 我们花了4个小时做这件事。‎ 归纳拓展 句中 it 为形式主语，take 意为“需要/消耗(时间、劳力等)”；有这种含义的 take 通常不可用于被动式。比较：It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费时间做某事 对比：sb. spend time (in) doing sth./(on sth.) 某人花费时间做某事 sb. spend money on/for sth. 某人花钱买某物 sb. pay sb. money for sth. 某人为某事给某人钱 sth. cost sb. money 花费某人金钱 翻译句子 ‎(1)爬那座高山花了我们长达5小时的时间。‎ It_took_us_as_long_as_5_hours_to_climb_the_high_mountain.‎ ‎(2)他每天花半小时的时间锻炼。(用两种方式翻译)‎ He_spends_half_an_hour_doing_exercise_every_day.‎ It_takes_him_half_an_hour_to_do_exercise_every_day.‎ 三 单元语法回顾 ‎ it的用法(Ⅱ)‎ it用于强调句式 ‎“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其余部分”结构 ‎1．it结构概述 it用在强调结构中，为了强调句子的某一成分(通常为主语、宾语和状语)。‎ My mother met Tom in the street yesterday.‎ ‎→It was in the street that my mother met Tom.‎ 我母亲就是在大街上遇到了汤姆。‎ ‎2．it结构在句中的应用 ‎(1)强调主语 It’s only I who am willing to go to the cinema.‎ 想去看电影的只有我。‎ It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes.‎ 犯这样愚蠢的错误的不仅仅是瞎子。‎ ‎(2)强调宾语 It was her that I met yesterday.‎ 我昨天见到的是她。‎ It was a key that I found in his pocket.‎ 我在他口袋里找到的是钥匙。‎ ‎(3)强调状语 It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go to work.是因为母亲病了她才没有去上班。‎ ‎3．it结构的否定句 It was not Olivia but her sister that I saw.‎ 我看见的不是奥莉维亚，而是她的妹妹。‎ It was not for several years that I had an opportunity of seeing him again.(＝I did not have an opportunity of seeing him again for several years.)‎ 我有好几年没有机会再见到他了。‎ ‎4．it结构的疑问句 ‎(1)这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前。‎ Was it you that broke the window?‎ 是你把窗户打破了吗？‎ Was it in 1937 that the Second World War broke out?‎ 第二次世界大战是在1937年爆发的吗？‎ Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?‎ 是王教授教你们英语吗？‎ Was it during the AntiJapanese War that he died?‎ 他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗？‎ ‎(2)这种强调句的特殊疑问句，只需在一般疑问句前加上疑问词就可。‎ Who was it that broke the window？打破窗子的是谁？‎ When was it that you called me yesterday?‎ 你昨天是什么时候打电话给我的？‎ What is it that you want me to do？你要我做的是什么？‎ How was it that you succeeded？你是怎么成功的？‎ Why is it that smoking is not allowed here?‎ 这儿为什么不允许吸烟？‎ Where was it that he bought the bike?‎ 他是在什么地方买到这辆自行车的？‎ ‎5．有时可用It might be...that...，It must have been...that...句型表示强调。‎ It might be his father that you’re thinking of.‎ 你关心的可能是他父亲。‎ It must have been his brother that you saw.‎ 你看到的想必是他的兄弟。‎ ‎6．在现代英语中，that/whom可省略 Was it in Nanjing(that)you first met him?‎ 你是在南京第一次碰到他的吗？‎ It was my mother(whom)you saw the other day.‎ 你几天前见到的是我妈妈。‎ ‎7．这一强调句型可用于原因状语从句，当原因状语从句是as，since引导时，应改为because引导，但结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等不能用于这一强调句型 She missed the first bus since she got up late.‎ ‎→It was because she got up late that she missed the first bus.她因起晚了而误了第一班车。‎ ‎8．使用这一强调句型时，需注意否定转移 Money can’t buy everything.‎ ‎→It is not everything that money can buy.‎ 钱不能买到一切。‎ He didn’t go to bed until twelve o’clock last night.‎ ‎→It was not until twelve o’clock last night that he went to bed.昨晚他12点才去睡觉。‎ I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.‎ ‎→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.‎ 直到下车我才意识到这一点。‎ ‎9．用这一强调句型时，要注意以下几点 ‎(1)不论强调句子的哪一部分，都可用that连接句子的其余部分。‎ ‎(2)被强调部分指人时，可用who取代that；指物时，有时可用which取代that。‎ ‎(3)如果被强调部分指人，并且作后面句中的宾语时，也可用whom代替who。‎ ‎(4)that，who等常常被省略掉，特别是在口语中，在强调直接宾语或间接宾语、时间或地点状语时。‎ ‎(5)如果被强调的主语为人称代词时，可用主格，也可用宾格形式。‎ ‎(6)被强调部分通常不能用不定代词，除非其后还有定语。‎ ‎(7)如果被强调部分在后面的句子中为定语时，要用whose引导后面的句子。‎ ‎(8)在强调介词宾语时，介词常置于whom等之前(介词＋whom)，但也可把介词放在其宾语之前，或放在句末。‎ ‎(9)如果强调的是主语时，that，who或which之后的谓语的人称和数要与被强调的主语保持一致，但在口语中的个别情况下，也可能遇到与it一致的现象。‎ It’s me that has to give it up.我不得不将它放弃。‎ ‎(10)it之后的be动词的时态通常要与that之后的谓语呼应或一致。‎ ‎(11)这一句型通常不能用来强调由since，as，why，although，whereas等引导的从句。‎ 单元知识综合运用 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A A Special Appointment Years ago I moved to Woodland Hills to take a job in a small hospital’s emergency department. No one wanted to work on Christmas Eve, so the shift (轮班) went to me. I kissed my family goodbye and went off to spend the night in the hospital. It was a thankless job.‎ At 9 pm, the ambulance brought in a man in his 60s who was having a heart attack. His face was pale, and he was frightened. The whole night I did my best to save his life. Before I left in the morning to spend Christmas with my family, I stopped by to see how he was doing. It was still tough, but he had survived the night and was sleeping.‎ The following year I got Christmas Eve duty again. At 9 pm sharp, the ward clerk told me there was a couple who wanted to speak with me. When I approached them, the man introduced himself as Mr. Lee and said, “You probably don’t remember me, but last Christmas Eve you saved my life. Thank you for the year you gave me.” He and his wife hugged me, handed me a small gift, and left.‎ The following year a new doctor had joined the group, but I wanted to see if Mr. and Mrs. Lee would return. This time, I volunteered for the shift. I kept an eye on the door. Once again, at exactly 9 pm, the Lees appeared, carrying a warmly wrapped bundle. It was their new grandchild. Mr. Lee, his family and I spent 13 Christmas Eves together. In the later years the staff all knew about the story and would work to give me time with him in the break room, where we spent a half-hour each Christmas Eve.‎ The last year I saw him, he brought me a gift. I carefully opened the package and found a crystal (水晶) bell inside. It was engraved (镌刻) with a single word: Friendship. Now, my family, friends and I ring that bell every Christmas Eve at exactly 9 pm and offer our best wishes to the man who we won’t forget.‎ ‎21. Working on Christmas Eve was considered “a thankless job” because ______.‎ A. most patients were seriously ill B. patients refused to express thanks C. doctors had nothing to do on that day D. doctors couldn’t get praise for the hard job ‎22. When the author left the hospital the next morning, Mr. Lee ______.‎ A. was still in a state of danger B. was really angry with her C. got ready to leave the hospital D. recovered from his heart attack ‎23. According to the passage, the author formed a habit of ______.‎ A. celebrating Christmas Eve with her family B. giving Christmas gifts to the hospital staff C. spending Christmas Eve with Mr. Lee in hospital D. ringing the bell for patients in the emergency department ‎24. Why does the author ring the bell on Christmas Eve?‎ A. To honor her working experience.‎ B. To tell kids the traditional custom.‎ C. To remember an old friend of hers.‎ D. To show the beginning of the holiday.‎ B Warley Woods Community (社区) Trust Welcome to our third newsletter of the year!‎ ² Our main activity for March is our Walk for the Woods fundraising events on Saturday, 17th March, starting any time between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. We will be walking the distance between Warley Woods and Tipperary. It is indeed a long way — 80 miles. The more people that you can get sponsor you, the more money we can raise to help look after our beautiful woodland. More information is available at our website.‎ ² The Sunday volunteers planted two beeches and an oak last week. This was thanks to the money from the Big Tree Plant and to Lisa and Gordon Whitiker, whose friends gave money for the big trees instead of for their wedding presents. Thanks to everyone who took part. ‎ ² There were 15 volunteers at the Oral History Training Day which was led very ably by Julia Letts. The group will be meeting again and will start to interview the local people who have offered to tell their stories. We are happy to hear from others who would like to be interviewed about their memories of the Woods for the project. If you or anyone you know is interested, please call Viv Cole at the office. This project is financed by Heritage Lottery Fund.‎ ² There was a huge response to the Forest Schools activities held at half term. These will be held again during the Easter holidays on the following dates: 4th April from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. for over 8s. On 12th April form 10 a.m. to 12 noon, there will be a Teddy Bears’ Picnic for the under 8s. All these must be booked in advance.‎ ² Finally, don’t forget the Easter Egg Roll on Bank Holiday, 9th April, staring at 11 a.m. Bring your own hard-boiled and decorated egg to roll down the hill in the woods. The first past the finishing line will win a large chocolate egg! This year, due to popular demand, there will also be an Adults’ Easter Egg Roll following the children’s competition.‎ We look forward to seeing you all soon, at one of our many events.‎ ‎25. Which of the following will be on 9th April?‎ A. Walk for the Woods B. Teddy Bears’ Picnic C. The Easter Egg Roll D. The Oral History Training Day ‎26. Heritage Lottery Fund provides money to ______. ‎ A. help look after the wood land B. collect stories about the community C. hold activities for the Forest Schools D. organize the Easter holiday competition ‎27. The passage is written to ______.‎ A. inform people of the coming events B. encourage people to work as volunteers C. tell people about some famous organization D. invite people to take part in the competition C In Britain, it’s bottoms up from the week before Christmas till the last firework explodes in the sky announcing the new year. The last Friday before Christmas, popularly known as ‘Mad Friday’, is one of the busiest periods for the country’s pubs and clubs.‎ But it’s not just the bars that get busy. Ambulances and A&E departments around Britain get packed out too. Head injuries, cuts, falls…it’s easy to end up hurting yourself or others when self-control disappear and your head is spinning due to alcoho1 revelers have been warned by the health authorities about the dangers of deadly drinking but drinking crazily seems to be part of the festivities for some.‎ The charity Alcohol Concern is running a campaign of restriction by encouraging people to have a dry January.‎ Jackie Ballard, the charity’s Chief Executive, believes the campaign has been successful in recent years. She says, “More than two-thirds of people even six months later are drinking at reduced levels having had a month off drink. But also a study has shown the impact it has on people’s health reducing their blood pressure and blood sugar levels.”‎ The study by the University of Sussex followed up nearly 900 participants in Alcohol Concern’s Dry January campaign and found out that 72％of them had kept harmful drinking sessions down and 4％were still not drinking.‎ Moderation (适度) seems to be the key to everything. The official recommendation for women is not to regularly drink more than 2 to 3 units of alcohol a day. The limit for men is 3 to 4 units of alcohol — no more than a pint of 5.2％ABV lager, beer or cider.‎ ‎28. The last Friday before Christmas is called ‘Mad Friday’ because _____.‎ A. people stay up too late B. people go out and drink a lot C. firework explodes in the sky D. people go shopping madly ‎29. What is the second paragraph mainly about?‎ A. The atmosphere of the bars. B. The effect of drinking too much.‎ C. The customs of the festivities. D. The importance of the health authorities.‎ ‎30. The result of dry January campaign is that _____. ‎ A. many people stop drinking B. people drink more than before C. people’s blood pressure increases D. people can improve their health ‎31. What is the official suggestion of drinking alcohol?‎ A. Women shouldn’t drink any alcohol.‎ B. People should stay away from alcohol. ‎ C. Moderate alcohol drinking can be accepted. ‎ D. Men may drink 3 to 4 units of alcohol at least. ‎ D Phrases like “tiger mom” and ‘‘helicopter parent” have made their way into everyday language. Many of us find ourselves drawn to the idea that with just a bit more parental hard work and effort, we might turn out children with bright futures. But is there anything wrong with a kind of “overparenting style”?‎ Parental involvement has a long history of being studied. Many of the studies, conducted by Diana Baumrind, a famous psychologist at the University of California, Berkeley, have found that a good parent is the one who is involved and reacts to her child in a positive way, who sets high expectations but gives her child independence. These “authoritative parents” appear to hit the sweet spot of parental involvement and generally raise children who do better academically, psychologically and socially than children whose parents are not strict and less involved, or controlling and more involved. Why is this parenting style so successful?‎ Authoritative parents actually help improve motivation in their children. Carol Dweck, a social psychologist at Stanford University, has done research that indicates why authoritative parents raise more motivated children. In a typical experiment, Dr. Dweck takes young children into a room and asks them to solve a simple puzzle. Most do so with little difficulty. But then Dr. Dweck tells some, but not all, of the kids how clever they are. As it turns out, the children who are not told they’re smart are more motivated to solve increasingly difficult puzzles. They also show higher levels of confidence and show greater progress in puzzle-solving.‎ As the experiment suggests, praising children’s talents and abilities seems to shake their confidence. Dealing with more difficult puzzles carries the risk of losing one’s status as “smart”. Dr. Dweck’s work strongly supports that of Dr. Baumrind, who also found that reasonably supporting a child’s independence and limiting interference (干涉) causes better academic and emotional results.‎ The central task of growing up is to develop a sense of self that is independent and confident. If you treat your young child who is just learning to walk as if she can’t walk, you reduce her confidence. Allowing children to make mistakes is one of the greatest challenges of parenting. It is easier when they are young. The potential mistakes carry greater risks, and part of being a parent is reducing risk for our children. ‎ ‎32. According to the passage, a “tiger mom” ______.‎ A. helps her children realize their dreams B. speaks her children’s everyday language C. places reasonable expectations on her children D. pays close attention to her children’s experiences ‎33. It is implied that controlling style of parenting may _____.‎ A. cause more problems in children B. foster independence in children ‎ C. face more challenges of children D. lead to children’s academic success ‎34. The example of the children doing the puzzles suggests that ______.‎ A. a good game plays a big role in training young minds B. overpraising makes children less motivated and confident C. puzzle-solving can give children the motivation they need D. bright children usually show less confidence in difficult games ‎35. The last paragraph tells us that ______. ‎ A. children should not be given much freedom B. parents should not increase the risk of challenging ‎ C. parents should allow their children to learn from mistakes D. children should correct mistakes with the help of their parents 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Since the day of its birth, the United Nations has been the subject of much debate.‎ ‎ 36 Others think that it is too weak. We can better understand this debate if we learn more about the U.N. and its history. ‎ The U.N. was started for two reasons. First, when the idea was born, people all over the world were tired of war. They felt that there must be peaceful answers to the world’s problems.‎ ‎ 37 ‎ The second reason was that modern science had developed new bombs and airplanes.‎ ‎ 38 National borders were beginning to lose their meaning. Science would develop even more dangerous weapons in the future. Only an international organization would be able to control modern science. ‎ Franklin D. Roosevelt, U.S. President at the time, believed that the Allies (联盟) should plan for peace before the war ended. On December 1, 1943, Roosevelt, Britain’s Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin from Soviet Union agreed to start an organization for world peace.‎ ‎ 39 ‎ During the next year and a half, the idea of such an organisation was debated around the world. Then came the big day. On April 11, 1945, the first international meeting of the United Nations took place in San Francisco. The goal of the meeting was to write the U.N. Charter (宪章). All of the fifty-one nations at the meeting had their own ideas to offer for the Charter.‎ ‎ 40 Every nation present voted for the Charter. No one voted against it. ‎ A. The U.N. Charter is a beautiful piece of writing.‎ B. After a long debate, a final Charter was agreed upon.‎ C. Even the smallest country on earth can have its voice heard. ‎ D. They asked all countries, large and small, to join the organization.‎ E. These weapons made it almost impossible for a country to defend itself.‎ F. Some people attack the organization because they think it is too powerful.‎ G. They also felt that only an international organization could keep world peace.‎ 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ It was my sister Sandra’s first Christmas without her husband. Last Thursday, she was in the store 41 for an ideal card for her two sons and daughter. Time passed by quickly as she 42 the many choices. She wanted a card that sent something 43 to each of them, as she knew they would have a(n) 44 place in their heart this holiday season.‎ Finally, she found the one that expressed the 45 feeling. 46 , a sharp pain pierced (穿透) her heart when she realized that the card was 47 “mom and dad”. She stood, holding it close for a long time, unable to move from the spot. 48 began to run over her cheeks.‎ ‎“Is there something I can do for you?” a 49 voice asked. She 50 to face a stranger, a woman. “Uh..oh...OH!” Sandra 51 , “I can’t give this card to my children because…because my husband died and this is the 52 card.”‎ The stranger’s face softened with 53 and love. She reached out and 54 my sister into her arms, giving her unspoken 55 to cry in the protection of her embrace (拥抱). She 56 held my sister until her 57 returned.‎ During her telling of this event I was feeling 58 that I hadn’t been there. My sister needed me and a stranger had to do my 59 . “You know,” she went on, “a ‎ friend suggested that it was like meeting with an Angel.” My guilt 60 in an instant. My sister required an Angel, and I think that is exactly what she got.‎ ‎41. A. paying B. caring C. calling D. looking ‎42. A. left B. offered C. read D. discovered ‎43. A. attractive B. special C. traditional D. wealth ‎44. A. unknown B. empty C. safe D. different ‎45. A. sad B. strange C. amazing D. perfect ‎46. A. However B. Therefore C. Anyhow D. Otherwise ‎47. A. for B. to C. from D. by ‎48. A. Tears B. Sweats C. Lights D. Smiles ‎49. A. firm B. proud C. cold D. soft ‎50. A. walked B. turned C. decided D. woke ‎51. A. responded B. demanded C. asked D. explained ‎52. A. delicate B. old C. wrong D. decorative ‎53. A. devotion B. respect C. sympathy D. responsibility ‎54. A. pulled B. caught C. sent D. threw ‎55.A. thought B. permission C. sorrow D. suggestion ‎56. A. quietly B. tightly C. eagerly D. seriously ‎57. A. confidence B. courage C. happiness D. calmness ‎58. A. shocked B. angry C. shy D. hopeless ‎59. A. task B. housework C. favor D. job ‎60. A. struck B. returned C. disappeared D. sank 第 Ⅱ 卷（非选择题 共50分）‎ 注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在试卷上无效。‎ 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ We think that life in Chinese high school is an adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and all kinds of exams. Yet would it be 61 (surprise) if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding 62 it is in China?‎ In US high school, everything must 63 (record) into your studying document, including your grades on quizzes, tests and final examinations. Failing 64 (turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course. Perhaps completely different from 65 we used to think of the US high school students, they pay great attention to 66 (they) academic performance in order that they can get into a distinguished university.‎ Like university students, US high school students have the 67 (free) to choose the courses that most interest them. Even a ninth-grader can sit 68 the same classroom as 12th-graders. But this also 69 (mean) he or she has to work very hard, because the teacher will not treat him or her 70 (different).‎ 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 得分 阅卷 请改正下面短文中的错误。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词；‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉；‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； ‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Last Saturday, my parents and I paid visit to my grandparents by train. There was a large number of people in the crowded train, but everyone help those who had lots of baggage and behaved politely. Along the way, we enjoyed beautifully views. At first, we saw one hill after another. Then what came into our eye were fields with green crops. In a six-hour trip, we arrived at my grandparents’ house. Exhausted though I felt, but I was happy to see my grandparents, which I hadn’t seen for a long time. It’s really an excited trip because it was the first time I had taken so a long-distance train.‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ 假设你是李华，你们班的外教Lisa已经结束教学工作回到美国，请给她写一封邮件。邮件的内容包括：‎ ‎1. 询问她的近况；‎ ‎2. 回顾你在Lisa课上的收获；‎ ‎3. 就你目前英语学习中的问题征求她的建议；‎ ‎4. 表达对她的感谢和祝福。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 结语已为你写好。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ Looking forward to hearing from you.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 英语答案 第二部分（每小题2分）‎ ‎21-25 DACCC 26-30 BABBD 31-35 CDABC 36-40 FGEDB 第三部分（每小题1.5分）‎ ‎41-45 DCBBD 46-50 ACADB 51-55 ACCAB 56-60 BDBDC ‎61. surprising 62. as 63. be recorded 64. to turn 65. what ‎66. their 67. freedom 68. in 69. means 70. differently 第四部分 第一节（每小题1分）‎ 一、参考答案 Last Saturday, my parents and I paid ∧ visit to my grandparents by train. There was a ‎ a were large number of people in the crowded train, but everyone help those who had lots of ‎ helped baggage and behaved politely. Along the way, we enjoyed beautifully views. At first, we saw ‎ beautiful one hill after another. Then what came into our eye were fields with green crops. In a six-hour ‎ eyes After trip, we arrived at my grandparents’ house. Exhausted though I felt, but I was happy to see my grandparents, which I hadn’t seen for a long time. It’s really an excited trip because it was the ‎ whom exciting first time I had taken so a long-distance train.‎ ‎ such