2019届一轮复习人教版选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案（23页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案（23页word版）

‎ 2019届一轮复习人教版选修 8Unit 3 Inventors and inventions单元学案 ‎【一】单元基础词汇语法梳理 ‎ ‎
核心单词 ‎1. distinguish ‎ vi.&vt. 显示¡¡的差别；使¡¡有所不同；辨别（常与from, between连用）；区别；区分 I can distinguish them at a distance. ‎ 从远处我就能认出他们。‎ The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom.‎ 这个人因他的才智而扬名。 ‎ 常用结构：‎ distinguish A from B 辨别A与B ‎ be distinguished from 不同于¡¡‎ be distinguished by 以¡¡为特征 be distinguished for 因¡¡而著称 distinguish oneself 使出众；使著名 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 It is not easy to cultured pearls from genuine pearls.‎ A. distinguish B. separate C. identify D. recognize ‎(1)解析：选A。考查词语辨析。distinguish ...from 辨别，把¡¡和¡¡区别开；separate ...from把¡¡隔开；identify辨别；recognize认出，这两个词后面都不跟from。 ‎ ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①Can you distinguish (中间) those two objects? ‎ ‎②Children should be taught to (分辨是非).‎ ‎③Speech human beings (不同于¡¡) the animals. ‎ ‎④The Chinese nation is (因¡¡而著称) its diligence and courage.‎ 答案：①between ‎② distinguish right from wrong ‎③distinguishes; from ‎④distinguished for ‎ ‎2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的;就近的 常用结构：‎ be convenient to/for sb. 对(某人)方便 It is convenient to do sth. 做某事方便 Our house is very convenient for the shops. ‎ 我们的房子离商店很近。‎ 联想拓展 convenience n. 方便 at your convenience 在你方便的时候 if it suits a persons convenience如果对某人方便 for the convenience of sb. 为了某人方便起见 ‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 Our new house is very for me as I can get to the office in five minutes. ‎ A. Adaptable B. comfortable C. convenient D. available ‎(2)完成句子 ‎ Come and see me (无论你何时方便).‎ ‎(3)选词填空(convenient/convenience)‎ ‎①We must arrange a time and place for the meeting.‎ ‎②I keep my reference books near by desk for . ‎ ‎(1)解析：选C。由in five minutes可知，此处应表示¡°便利的，方便的¡±。A项意为¡°能适应的¡±；B项意为¡°舒适的¡±；D项意为¡°可以利用¡±，均不符合句意。‎ ‎(2)whenever it s convenient to you ‎(3)①convenient ②convenience ‎ ‎3. bear vt. 忍受；具有，带有；显示 （标记或特性）；忍耐；负担 The letter bears no signature.这封信上没有署名。‎ 易混辨析 bear/endure/stand/tolerate bear强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力，常用于否定句中。‎ endure意为¡°经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服¡±，强调持久力和意志坚强，常用于否定句中。‎ stand强调不屈不挠或经受得起，常用于否定句中。‎ 温馨提示 tolerate意为¡°忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗¡±，语气最弱，可用于肯定句和否定句中。bear表示¡°忍受¡±时其后可跟doing sth.表示习惯性动作，也可跟to do sth.表示某一次具体动作，且多与 can, could，be able to连用；作¡°生产，生育¡±讲时，有两种过去分词形式：borne指¡°生产，生育¡±，而 born 指¡°出生¡±。 ‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 I dont think our relationship could the strain of her mother visiting for a month. ‎ A. bear B. tell C. put up D. hold ‎(2)选词填空(bear/endure/stand/tolerate) ‎ ‎①Our tent won¡¯t another storm like the last one. ‎ ‎②I can¡¯t to wait any longer.‎ ‎③Shes already had to three painful operations on her leg. ‎ ‎④I will not that sort of behaviour in my class. ‎ ‎(1)解析：选A。bear 承受，符合句意；tell区别，告诉；put up 举起，张贴；hold持有。‎ ‎(2)①stand ②bear ③endure ④tolerate ‎ ‎4. seize vt. 抓住；捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情﹑愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）；夺 She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住了我的手腕。‎ Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。‎ 常用结构：‎ seize/hold of sth. 抓住某物 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住时机 seize on/upon sth. 意识到某事物而立即加以利用 高手过招 完成句子 ‎①His father asked him (抓住时机赚一些钱).‎ ‎②We (身不由己) by a sudden impulse to run.‎ ‎③The critics (抓住) my mistake and said I was ignorant. ‎ 答案： ①to seize the chance to make some money ‎②were seized ③seized on ‎ ‎5. expectation n. 预料；期待；期望 He has little expectation of passing the exam. ‎ 他对考试及格不抱希望。‎ I usually enjoy his films, but the last one didn¡¯ t come to my expectations.‎ 我向来喜欢看他的电影，但最近的一部并不像我期望的那样好。‎ 常用结构：‎ beyond expectation 出乎意料 in expectation of 预料，期望，指望 against all expectation(s) 与预期相反，出乎意料 come up to ones expectations 不负(某人)所望 温馨提示 expectation 为不可数名词，当其意为¡°期望的事物，前景¡±时，常用复数形式。‎ 高手过招 完成句子 ‎ 我们在车站等着，期待她的到来。‎ We waited at the station her arrival. ‎ 答案：in expectation of ‎ 重点短语 ‎6. go through 经历(困难、痛苦等)；通过,成功,成交；审阅,检查；翻找,查看,搜寻；穿过,通过 The plan didnt go through. 计划没通过。 ‎ A terrible noise went through the house. ‎ 一阵可怕的声音响彻整幢房子。‎ 联想拓展 ‎ look through 浏览；看破；温习 read through 通读;连续 flow through 流过;流经；通过¡¡流动 get through 通过;接通;使¡¡成功 search through 搜寻,查找 carry sth. through 成功地完成 put sth. through 完成或达成（计划、方案） ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 I have never this kind of thing, so I¡¯m afraid. ‎ A. look through B. looked through C. got through D. gone through 解析：选D。根据句意可知，此处应意为¡°经历，经手¡±。故选D。 ‎ ‎7. call up 征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；给¡¡打电话 He called me up to tell me the good news. ‎ 他打电话给我并告诉我这个好消息。‎ I was called up three months after war broke out.‎ 战争爆发后的第三个月，我被应征入伍。‎ 联想拓展 call back 召回；回电话；收回处理 call on/at 拜访(on后跟人；at后跟地点名词)‎ call for 要求;提倡;为¡¡叫喊 call forth 使产生；引起 call in 召集;召来;来访 call off 取消；延期 call out 出动;唤起;大声叫唤 call on ...to do号召¡¡做 ‎ 高手过招 用适当的介词或副词填空 ‎ ‎①This is the work that calls patience. ‎ ‎②Human Rights groups are calling the release of political prisoners. ‎ ‎③He had to call the meeting because of the bad weather.‎ ‎④I¡¯ll call him tomorrow, do you want to visit him with me?‎ ‎⑤The company has called all such models as built in 1990.‎ ‎⑥The government then called troops to deal with the disturbances.‎ ‎⑦The old photo calls memories of my childhood.‎ ‎ ‎ 答案：①for ②for ③off ④on ⑤back ⑥ in ⑦up ‎ ‎8. get through 设法联系上（尤指打通电话）；(设法)做完；通过考试；用光；用完；使成功;使理解;明 白 ‎ We were all delighted when we heard you had got through the exam. ‎ 听到你通过考试时，我们都很高兴。‎ 联想拓展 get across 通过；使¡¡理解 get over 越过，克服（困难）；从（疾病）¡¡恢复过来 get through with 结束；完成；花光（钱财等） ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 I couldn¡¯t .The line was busy. ‎ go by B. go around C. get in D. get through ‎ 解析：选D。由¡°The line was busy¡±可知，这里指¡°电话没有接通¡±。go by从旁边经过；go around走来走去；get in收获；get through接通电话，符合句意。 ‎ ‎9. set about sth./doing sth./(to do)‎ ‎(不用于被动语态) 开始（某工作）； 着手做某事 I must set about my packing. 我得开始收拾行李了。‎ The new government must set about finding solutions to the countrys economic problems. ‎ 新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。 ‎ 联想拓展 set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边；节省或保留（钱或时间）‎ set sth. down 将某事物记在纸上； 写下来 set out 出发；启程；（怀着目标）开始工作 set off 开始（旅行、赛跑等）‎ set sth. off 使（炸弹、地雷等）爆炸 set to 精力充沛地开始做某事 set sth. up 摆放或竖起某物；创（体育）纪录 ‎ 高手过招 用适当的介词填空（原创）‎ ‎①I don¡¯t know how to set this job. ‎ ‎②She set a new world record time the 100metre race.‎ ‎③They set on the last stage their journey. ‎ ‎④How do senior managers set making these decisions? ‎ 答案：① about ②up; in ③out; of ④about ‎ ‎10. in case 如果；以防万一；万一 It may rain-youd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does). ‎ 可能下雨¡ª¡ª你最好带把伞，以防万一（下起来）。‎ 联想拓展 in case of sth. 若发生某事；假如 in any case 无论如何；总之 in no case 在任何情形下决不；无论如何都不 in that case 既然那样；假若是那样的话 高手过招 完成句子 ‎① (遇火灾时), ring the alarm bell. ‎ ‎②You don¡¯t like your job? (既然那样), why don¡¯t you leave?‎ ‎③Bring some money with you (以防万一) you want to buy something.‎ 答案：①In case of fire ‎ ‎ ② In that case ‎ ‎ ③in case ‎ 重点句型 ‎11. The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. ‎ 我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我。但是，看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。‎ 在there be结构中，be的人称与数应遵循就近原则。‎ There was a bucket of water and two chairs in the corner of the house.‎ 在房子的角落里有一桶水和两把椅子。‎ There are two chairs and a bucket of water in the corner of the house.‎ 在房子的角落里有两把椅子和一桶水。‎ 联想拓展 there be的常见形式有：there seems to be...／there happens to be...／there used to be ...etc.‎ 高手过招 根据句意在横线上填入适当的单词 ‎①The child seems (be) healthy, but the doctor is concerned. ‎ ‎②It seems to me there¡¯s something funny about the case.‎ ‎③There doesn¡¯t seem (be) much hope that he¡¯ll come. ‎ 答案： ①to be ②that ③to be ‎ ‎12. ...but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson. ‎ ‎¡¡但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。‎ 该句是¡°It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他¡±结构。‎ 句中用了¡°not ...until ...¡±的强调句结构，此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是用在强调句型中，till与until可通用；另外主句中的否定词not 要提出来，放在until之前一起强调，因此that后面的从句要用肯定句，不能再用否定句。‎ He didnt go to bed until/till his wife came back.‎ ‎=It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. ‎ 直到他的妻子回来他才睡觉。‎ 温馨提示 not until置于句首时，要用部分倒装句型，这时要注意从句不倒装，只倒装主句。‎ Not until last week did they find the lost bike. ‎ 直到上个星期他们才找到丢失的自行车。‎ Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time.‎ 我的儿子直到上了大学之后才意识到时间的重要性。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎①It was midnight back home after the experiment. ‎ A. until; that he went B. until; that he didnt go C. not until; that he didnt D. not until; that he went ‎②Not until I began to work realize how much time I had wasted. ‎ didn¡¯t I B. did I C. I didn¡¯t D. I ‎ ①解析：选D。从题干和选项很容易看出这是一个含有not until 的强调句。基本句型为¡°It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+‎ 其他成分¡±，故排除A、B两项。否定词not 已提前，故主句中为肯定句，故选D。句意为：直到半夜做完实验后他才回来。‎ ‎②解析：选B。not until的倒装句型，用部分倒装，助动词提到主语之前，而且not已经移到句首，因此句中不能再出现，故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ 单元阅读理解专题训练 A ‎ Passengers at Scotland's two biggest airports will experience privacy-friendly body scans from this weekend.‎ ‎ The move is part of a UK roll-out of the security technology demanded by the US.‎ ‎ Full-body scanning machines, which bounce(弹回) radio waves off the body to detect black or hidden weapons, have already been installed in Glasgow and Edinburgh airports and will go live on Saturday.‎ ‎ Travelers will either be randomly selected for scanning or will undergo a scan if there is a security concern or a metal detector is set off, the airports said.‎ ‎ Unlike the controversial X-ray scanners used in Manchester, called "naked scanners", the technology being set in Scotland will produce a ‎ model-style, generic image of a body, with suspect items represented by a box. All images taken are deleted as soon as they have been assessed. ‎ ‎ It follows an order by the Department for Transport for body scans to be carried out on all flights to the US, though passengers on all flights will be subjected to the new authority, the airports said in separate statements.‎ ‎ It will be required for selected passengers to have the scan and those who refuse will not be allowed to board their flight.‎ ‎ A member of airport staff will be present throughout the process, which will take place within the security search area.‎ ‎ Amanda McMillan, managing director of Glasgow Airport, said, "The introduction of the body scanner is in direct response to new rules set out by the Department for Transport relating to the screening of passengers."‎ ‎ The technology employed by the body scanner is designed in such a way that it maintains(维护) the security of the airport while also maintaining the privacy of the passenger. ‎ ‎ "We will also be providing passengers with leaflets containing information on the scanner and the reasons behind its introduction."‎ ‎ Gordon Dewar, chief executive of Edinburgh Airport, added: "The scan is quick, simple and safe for everyone and does not do harm to individual's privacy."‎ ‎ 1. What may be the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Body Scans to Begin at City Airport ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Two Biggest Airports at Scotland ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Body Scans Demanded by the US ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Differences between Body Scans and X-ray Scanners ‎ 2. Which airports will full-body scanning machines be used?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Two biggest airports in the US.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Glasgow and Manchester in the US.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Manchester and Edinburgh in the UK.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Glasgow and Edinburgh in the UK.‎ ‎ 3. The underlined word "undergo" means   in the 4th paragraph.‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ suffer from B.‎ ‎ fall down C.‎ ‎ go through D.‎ ‎ come down ‎ 4. What if a passenger refuses the full-body scanning?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ He or she will be in prison in separate space.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ He or she will be the last one to check in.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ He or she will be forbidden to board the flight.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ He or she will be allowed to board the plane but being fined.‎ ‎ 5. Which of the following statements is true?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ No one will be in charge of the body scanning process after using the new machine.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Measures will be taken to advertise the use of the scanner and why it is used.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ The new body scanner will be intended for security of the airports than ever before.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ The scan will be simple and safe for everyone but not for the passengers' privacy.‎ B ‎ 1. You will grow as a person ‎ When you travel the world, you have the opportunity to experience different cultures and meet new people. It is inevitable that through these experiences you will learn a lot about yourself. Who you are as a person and what you want out of life might very well change.‎ ‎ 2. Freedom ‎ You will enjoy a much greater sense of freedom when no one is able to tell you what to do. You are the boss. You decide where you want to go, what you want to do and how long you want to stay.‎ ‎ 3. Simplicity ‎ You will discover how much better life can be when you live it simply. No phone, email, TV, job, schedule, bills to pay; just you, your surroundings and your mind. Perfection.‎ ‎ 4. Food, Glorious Food ‎ You will have the chance to taste food from all corners of the globe. That sure beats the fast food culture in this country. Do you like eating Chinese, Thai or Indian food? You will enjoy the food even more when you eat it from the place it originated.‎ ‎ 5. Nature ‎ Instead of looking out your office window to see a hundred skyscrapers staring back at you, you will get the chance to see the world in all its natural beauty. See the deserts of Africa or the jungles of the Amazon with your own eyes instead of looking at a still image in a book.‎ ‎ 6. Become Street Smart ‎ You might already be book smart but add street smart to your persona then there's no stopping you; it’s a killer combination. Travelling teaches you many of life's lessons and you will gain pearls of wisdom ‎ along your journey; from being able to barter, to knowing when you are trying to be conned, there are many things new places can teach you.‎ ‎ 6. The underlined word "inevitable" in the first paragraph refers to  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ impossible to avoid B.‎ ‎ out of the question ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ previously mentioned D.‎ ‎ possible to prevent ‎ 7. Simple life might be less likely a life without  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ much freedom B.‎ ‎ using phone ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ checking email D.‎ ‎ bills to pay ‎ 8. According to the passage, traveling the world can make you  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ enjoy natural beauties but taste bad food ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ enjoy fast food and man-made beauties ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ have indirect image about the destinations ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ enjoy local dishes and natural beauties ‎ 9. If you want the killer combination, you should grasp  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ many of life's lessons along your journey ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ pearls of wisdom along your journey ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ enough book and street knowledge ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ how to barter with strangers ‎10. What's the title of the passage?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Ways to Travel the World ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Aims to Travel the World ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Destinations to Travel the World ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Reasons to Travel the World C ‎ After being buried for centuries, 110 new warrior statues have been unearthed in Xi'an, China. The statues are part of a collection of life-size figures of warriors and horses called the Terracotta Army. The group of more than 7,000 life-size clay sculptures was built in 210 BC to guard the tomb of China's first emperor, Qin Shihuang.‎ ‎ Shen Maosheng, from the Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum, said archaeologists had located another 11 warriors but have not yet begun to dig up the sculptures. "The most significant discovery this time around is that the relics that were found were well-preserved and colorfully painted," Maosheng told AFP. ‎ ‎ The sculptures were discovered by a group of farmers in 1974. While digging a well, the workers found three pits filled with the lifelike figures, which were made of a type of terracotta clay. Experts say that long ago, Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the creation of the clay army, along with a 20-square-mile tomb in which to house it. For 36 years, 700,000 laborers crafted this underground city. It contains models of palaces and towers, and was protected from invaders by automatically-triggered crossbows(弩). The city lay buried for more than 2,000 years.‎ ‎ Today, people from around the world visit China to see the terracotta warriors. What makes the soldiers so special? Each figure was individually carved, so they have different hairstyles, expressions and facial features. The details make the soldiers appear true to life. Inside the pit, the statues are arranged by military rank. The higher the rank, the taller the statue. The shortest statue is 5 feet 8 inches tall. The tallest is 6 feet 6 inches. The lower half of each soldier is made of solid clay, while ‎ the upper half is hollow. This makes it easier for the figures to remain upright. ‎ ‎ The discovery of Xi'an's 110 new warriors comes after a new finding about the Great Wall of China. An archaeological survey revealed the Great Wall of China is more than twice as long as previously thought. The wall was originally measured to be 5,500 miles but is now measured at 13,170 miles long. Beijing officials plan to open two new sections of the Great Wall and to expand other areas to make room for more tourists.‎ ‎11. The life-size clay sculptures were made  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ for art exhibitions B.‎ ‎ as presents of the emperor ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ for military purpose D.‎ ‎ as the emperor's tomb guards ‎12. According to the passage, the eleven warriors  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ have already been dug up B.‎ ‎ were badly-preserved ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ were painted with colors D.‎ ‎ had not been located ‎13. What's the main idea of the third paragraph?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ The procedure of making warriors.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ The process of discovering terracotta.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Emperor Qin Shihuang's contributions.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ The warriors' history.‎ ‎14. The terracotta warriors line up by  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ military rank B.‎ ‎ hairstyle ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ expression D.‎ ‎ facial feature ‎15. How many great discoveries are mentioned in the passage?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ One.‎ B.‎ ‎ Two.‎ C.‎ ‎ Three.‎ D.‎ ‎ Four.‎ 答案 一、阅读理解 ‎ 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B ‎ ‎ 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B ‎ ‎11. D 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B ‎