2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十五　科学与技术（B）

2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十五　科学与技术（B）

www.ks5u.com 话题十五　科学与技术(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A ‎[2019·郑州市高三第三次质量预测]For as long as we've known about it, humans have searched for a cure for cancer. Across the world, countless amounts of time and money have been spent on researching a way to stop this terrible disease. But now, it seems like the answer could have been inside our own bodies the whole time.‎ Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US, a government agency that's responsible for health care, approved a new form of gene therapy that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer.‎ The therapy allows scientists to “train” the immune(有免疫力的) cells of sick patients to fight leukemia — a form of blood cancer that mostly affects young people.‎ The exciting new treatment works by removing healthy immune cells from the patient, known as Tcells, which are then changed to be able to “hunt down” cancer cells.‎ The cells are then put back into the patient before they begin to get rid of the patient's leukemia over time, similar to how the body fights off other illnesses.‎ ‎“This is truly an exciting new day for cancer patients，” Louis J. DeGennaro, president of The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, said in a news release.‎ Up until now, a long and painful marrow transplant(骨髓移植) was the only option for many leukemia patients.‎ In this procedure, healthy blood cells are taken from a donor and placed into the sick patient, who also has to go through chemotherapy(化疗) to allow their body to adjust to the new cells.‎ But with a recovery rate of around 83% — according to a news release published by the FDA — it's hoped that the days of painful trips to the hospital, or even death, are over for leukemia sufferers.‎ ‎“We're entering a new frontier in medical innovation with the ability to reprogram a patient's own cells to attack a deadly cancer，” FDA representative Scott Gottlieb said in the release. “New technologies such as gene and cell therapies hold the potential to transform medicine and our ability to treat and even cure many incurable illnesses.”‎ ‎1．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?‎ A．To compare different ways of curing leukemia.‎ B．To report on a breakthrough in cancer treatment.‎ C．To explore the potential of gene and cell therapies.‎ D．To show scientists' efforts in search of a cure for cancer.‎ ‎2．How does the new treatment for leukemia work?‎ A．By using changed Tcells to destroy cancer cells.‎ B．By replacing sick blood cells with healthy ones.‎ C．By removing sick blood cells during a marrow transplant.‎ D．By using chemotherapy to improve the patient's immune system.‎ ‎3．What can be inferred about the new therapy for leukemia sufferers?‎ A．It can save them many more trips to the hospital.‎ B．It can improve their ability to fight off all kinds of cancer.‎ C．It can give them a better chance of survival and recovery.‎ D．It can reduce their pain in the process of the marrow transplant.‎ ‎4．What is Scott Gottlieb's attitude toward gene and cell therapies?‎ A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic.‎ C．Worried. D．Casual.‎ B ‎[南市2020年高三学习质量针对性检测]Nearly every week, we hear news about the latest successes and failures in driverless vehicles. But we hear little about how other industries are developing this same kind of technology. One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture. Companies are experimenting with hightech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing, environmentharming chemicals.‎ One of the companies is ecoRobotix of Switzerland. It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm. The robot has four wheels to carry it through the fields in search of weeds. Computercontrolled arms then lower and spray the weeds with small amounts of herbicide(除草剂). Company officials say the robot can fully operate on its own for up to 12 hours a day while being powered by the sun. It uses the same kind of sensor and positioning technology used to guide driverless vehicles. A farmer can also control the equipment through a smartphone.‎ The cofounder of ecoRobotix, Aurélien Demaurex, says the farm robot can kill weeds with 20 times less herbicide than traditional methods. This is because the system uses exactly the right amount of chemical in the exact place required to kill the weeds. Currently, farmers spread weed killers over massive areas to destroy unwanted plants.‎ Another company developing farm robotics is Californiabased Blue River Technology. The company has a system called “See & Spray”‎ ‎， which it claims was the world's first smart sprayer. The system — which is connected to the back of a tractor — is also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds. It can also spray chemicals on wanted plants to help them grow. Ben Chostner, vicepresident of business development for Blue River Technology, explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the same deep learning methods used in facial recognition. “The first time the machine saw a pigweed, it didn't know what kind of plant it was. But we taught it — by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed — and now it's an expert in pigweed.”‎ ‎5．How will AI benefit agriculture?‎ A．It will fund agriculture research.‎ B．It contributes to lowcost farming.‎ C．It can avoid harmful chemicals.‎ D．It frees all farmers from field work.‎ ‎6．What do the products of the two companies have in common?‎ A．They use recognition technology.‎ B．They are powered by solar energy.‎ C．They are connected with smartphones.‎ D．They can help wanted plants grow rapidly.‎ ‎7．What do Ben Chostner's words suggest about the robot?‎ A．It is environmentally friendly.‎ B．It is good at selfimproving.‎ C．It has the learning ability.‎ D．It can track various plants.‎ ‎8．What is mainly talked about in the text?‎ A．The experiment in farming robots.‎ B．New trend in artificial intelligence.‎ C．Modern See & Spray technology.‎ D．Artificial intelligence in agriculture.‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎[2020·湖南长郡中学适应性考试] The word “phubbing” has found its way into many dictionaries. __1__ Phubbing is actually a combination of the words “phone” and “snubbing”. You have been phubbed when someone is focusing on his or her smartphone while you sit there feeling ignored.‎ Of course adults are not the only ones doing this. Teenagers phub each other even more frequently. I have driven past high schools and seen groups of teens standing together, and instead of talking to each other, they are on their phones. __2__‎ First, of course, when you talk to someone face to face you pick up on all kinds of nonverbal signs that you will miss when you are texting. You will potentially miss out on some richly emotional interactions when you are staring at a phone. __3__‎ Second, it is more than rude to look at a phone when you are with someone. __4__ Is the current generation of teens forgetting about manners? Are they unaware of how they are making others feel?‎ Third, I worry about the consequences for teens when they are phubbing. __5__ I wonder if this leaves them less alert to some conflicts, not to mention the very real possibility of their walking into someone or something.‎ No good comes from this bad habit, so teens should try to break this habit.‎ A．These can certainly not be conveyed via text.‎ B．I wonder if they are sometimes texting their mothers in order to appear busy.‎ C．Addicted to their electronic devices, they may lose interest in anything that used to attract them.‎ D．Are they at the risk of missing the indication that something problematic may be going on around them?‎ E．Tailormade for the digital age, the term describes snubbing(冷落) someone in favor of a mobile phone.‎ F．This choice to interact with one's phone rather than with friends or others nearby is worrying for a number of reasons.‎ G．The person standing next to you feels irrelevant and unimportant when a phone appears more interesting than he or she is.‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎[2020·兰州诊断考试]China, which is proud of its great inventions in ancient times, has once again shown its ability to change the world with its “four new great inventions”： highspeed rail, mobile payments, bikesharing and ecommerce. The four innovative(创新的) ways of life were most appealing to youths from 20 countries 1.________ (participate) in the Belt and Road Initiative, according to a survey by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.‎ ‎“The ‘four new great inventions’ are all 2.________ (relate) to China's hightech innovation, 3.________ improved the quality of people's lives，” said Wu Hao, executive director of the BRRI. As a huge fan of bicycles, Bernard Schwartlander, World Health Organization Representative in China, 4.________ (express) his love for China's shared bicycles, saying that “Shared bikes are bringing cycling back 5.________ people's lives and they are making public transport more attractive and ‎ convenient.”‎ Rebecca Fannin, founder and editor of Silicon Dragon, noted that China is beginning to lead in innovation in some ways. “This is partly because China skipped over the PC era and went directly to the mobile. China has the 6.________ (large) mobile use in the world.”‎ With regard to the “four new great inventions”， Charlie Dai, principal analyst of American market research company Forrester, said these 7.________ (product) and services have definitely improved customer experience, developing national and 8.________ (globe) economy at the same time.‎ ‎9.________ growing number of foreigners hope 10.________ (promote) economic development in their home countries by stressing the need for technological achievements like that of China.‎ 话题十五　科学与技术(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：说明文　题材：医疗科技　主题：治疗癌症的新突破 ‎【文章大意】　治愈癌症是医学界的难题，大量的时间和金钱投入到研究一种阻止这种可怕疾病的方法上。现在一种新的基因疗法给人们带来了治愈白血病的希望。该疗法通过培养病人体内的有免疫力的细胞来对抗白血病。‎ ‎【难句分析】　Recently, the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) in the US, a government agency that's responsible for health care, approved a new form of gene therapy that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer. (Para.2)‎ ‎ 分析：句中that's responsible for health care为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a government agency; that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a new form of gene therapy，that在从句中作主语。‎ ‎ 译文：最近，美国食品和药物管理局，一个负责医疗的政府机构，批准了一项新的基因疗法，该疗法可能意味着某种类型的癌症的终结。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：B　考查写作意图。根据第二段“Recently, the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) in the US, a government agency that's responsible for health care, approved a new form of gene therapy that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer”并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了治疗癌症的一项突破——一种新的基因疗法，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第四段的内容可知，该疗法通过改变后的T细胞来对抗身体内的癌症细胞，从而达到治疗目的。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“But with a recovery rate of around 83%—according to a news release published by the FDA—it's hoped that the days of painful trips to the hospital, or even death, are over for leukemia sufferers”可知，根据美国食品和药物管理局发布的新闻，利用这一方法的白血病患者的治愈率约为83%，据此可推知，这一方法有望给白血病患者带来更好的存活和康复机会，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：B　考查观点态度。根据尾段尾句Scott Gottlieb所说的话“New technologies such as gene and cell therapies hold the potential to transform medicine and our ability to treat and even cure many incurable illnesses”可知，Scott Gottlieb认为，像基因和细胞疗法这样的新技术有可能改变医学，改变我们治疗甚至治愈许多无法治愈的疾病的能力。据此可推知，Scott Gottlieb对基因和细胞疗法的态度是乐观的，故B项正确。‎ B 体裁：说明文　题材：科技　主题：人工智能与农业 ‎ 【文章大意】　研究者们正在试验农业方面的人工智能高科技工具，这些工具可以帮助农民节省时间和金钱，同时减少使用对环境有害的化学物质。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句 ‎“Companies are experimenting with hightech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environmentharming chemicals”可知，人工智能可以帮助农民节省时间和金钱，同时减少使用对环境有害的化学物质。故选B。‎ ‎【干扰项分析】　文章没有提到人工智能会资助农业研究，故A项错误；根据文章第二、三段内容可知，人工智能可以进行精准喷洒小剂量除草剂等，而不是避免掉有害化学物质，故C项错误；此外，本文没有提到使所有的农民从农田劳作中解放出来，故D项错误。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm”以及第四段第三句“The system—which is connected to the back of a tractor—is also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds”可知，两个公司的产品的共同点就是，它们都使用了识别技术，故选A。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。根据第四段最后一句“But we taught it—by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed—and now it's an expert in pigweed”可知，通过给它成千上万的例子来教它，这个机器现在在识别苋方面是一个专家。由此可推知，Ben Chostner意在表明该机器人有学习能力。故选C。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：D　考查主旨大意。根据文章第一段第三句“One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture”可知，农业是研究和开发人工智能(AI)的重要行业之一；然后文章第二至四段介绍了两个公司的人工智能产品是如何帮助农业生产的。由此可知，本文的主旨是介绍人工智能在农业中的应用。故选D。‎ ‎【干扰项分析】　文章第二至四段列举了两个公司是如何将人工智能应用到农业中去的，其中提到了机器人实验以及产品的名称及功能等，但这些都是为了说明人工智能是如何在农业中应用的，故A、C两项错误；此外，文章没有重点讲述人工智能新的发展趋势，故B项错误。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 体裁：说明文　题材：社会文化　主题：低头族 ‎【文章大意】　随着科技的发展，手机已成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分，随之而来的“低头族”现象也日趋严重，这对我们生活的诸多方面都带来了巨大影响。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：E　设空前提到“phubbing”这个单词已被收进很多词典中，设空后提到“phubbing”是“phone”和“snubbing”‎ 两个单词的结合，由此可知，此处需要一个过渡句，E项(作为数字化时代的一个专有词汇，“phubbing”这个单词描述了为了用手机而冷落他人的现象。)符合语境。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：F　设空处是该段的最后一句，该段主要介绍了很多人由于低头看手机而忽视了与他人面对面交流。而下文又列举了这种现象令人担忧的三个原因，由此可知，设空处应起到承上启下的作用，F项(很多人选择用手机同他人交流，而不与朋友或身边的其他人沟通，这很令人担忧，原因有以下几点。)符合语境。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：A　设空处前主要提到面对面的交流可以感受到彼此的情绪，这种非语言类型的表达只有在面对面交流的过程中才能看到。A项(这些内容并没有办法通过信息来表达。)符合语境，其中的text与上文中的texting呼应。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：G　设空处前提到和别人待在一起时看手机是不礼貌的行为。此处需要对这种现象进一步解释，应选择一个起到递进作用的句子，G项(当手机看上去比你旁边的人更有趣的时候，他或她就会觉得自己是不相干、不重要的。)符合语境。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：D　设空处前后提到的是作者的担忧以及疑虑，所以该处也应该体现作者内心存在的疑问，D项(他们是否有错过周围存在着各种问题提示的风险？)符合语境。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 体裁：说明文　题材：科技　主题：中国的“新四大发明”‎ ‎ 【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。中国的“新四大发明”，即高铁、移动支付、共享单车、在线购物，给世界带来了变化。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：participating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主语youths与动词participate构成逻辑上的主谓关系，此处用现在分词短语作定语，故填participating。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：related　考查形容词。related to意为“与……相关”，是固定用法，故填related。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为“The ‘four new great inventions’”，且从句缺少主语，故填which。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：expressed　考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，故填expressed。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：to　考查介词。此处表示“将骑自行车带回人们的生活中”，故填介词to。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：largest　考查形容词的最高级。根据语境以及空前的“the”可知，此处表示中国的手机使用量是世界上最大的，故填largest。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：‎ products　考查名词的单复数。product是可数名词，且根据空前的“these”可知，此处应填复数形式。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：global　考查形容词。根据空前的“national and”和空后的“economy”可知，此处应填形容词global。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：A　考查冠词。a number of意为“许多”，是固定用法，故填A。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：to promote　考查动词不定式。hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”，是固定用法，故填to promote。‎