2021届高考英语人教版一轮总复习课时跟踪练：Book 6 Unit 4 Global warming Word版含解析

2021届高考英语人教版一轮总复习课时跟踪练：Book 6 Unit 4 Global warming Word版含解析

课时跟踪练 29 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A A group of scientists are gathering today in the UK to discuss a thick piece of ice that's cracking in Antarctica，which is of the size of Delaware. The ice shelf is called Larsen C，and it now has a 90­mile crack running through it.The big rift(裂缝)is slicing the ice shelf from top to bottom.But this is not just another sad climate change story.It's more complicated.“A lot of things are going on deep inside the ice，”says Adrian Luckman，a glaciologist. Luckman says climate change is certainly influencing this region.Larsen C used to have two neighbours to the north，Larsen A and Larsen B．As the air and water warmed，those ice shelves started melting and then disappeared in 1995 and 2002.But the crack in Larsen C seems to have happened on its own，for different reasons. Larsen C has many cracks.All ice shelves do.This particular crack has been around since at least the 1960s.The unusual part is that in 2014，this crack—and only this crack—started growing quickly.Why? “Well，that is a little bit of a mystery and that's why it draws itself to our attention，”says Luckman.One puzzling aspect is how it managed to cut through areas of softer ice that bind(结合)the ice from neighbouring glaciers into one giant sheet.Starting in 2014，that soft ice did very little to slow down this rift. Scientists are split on how important this crack is for the stability of the whole ice shelf.Some say if this giant section breaks off，it won't make a difference.Others disagree. “ Ice shelves are the gates of Antarctica in a way ， and the gatekeepers of Antarctica.The ice shelves are already floating ， so if they fall apart it does not immediately affect sea levels.It's what they hold back—water from all the inland glaciers—that could be problematic.If all the water packed in those glaciers made their way to the sea ， it could significantly raise global sea levels ，” says Ala Khazendar，a geophysicist. 1 ． Larsen C's two neighbours disappeared mainly because of ． A．climate change　 B．human behaviour C．the crack in Larsen C D．some unknown reasons 2．Why is Larsen C special? A．It still exists. B．It has many cracks. C．One of its cracks is growing rapidly. D．It is getting bigger and bigger quickly. 3．Which one is true of soft ice? A．It is easy to cut through. B．Its forming is still a mystery. C．It can prevent cracking to a degree. D．It exists mainly in small pieces of ice. 4．How does Ala Khazendar feel about the influence of the crack? A．He is very curious. B．He is unconcerned. C．He is pretty optimistic. D．He is cautiously worried. 【语篇解读】　一群科学家聚集在英国研究南极拉森 C 冰架继续 崩裂的原因以及其对地球海平面的影响。 1．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“As the air and water warmed ， those ice shelves started melting and then disappeared in 1995 and 2002.”可知，空气和水的变暖，也就是气候的改变导致这些 冰架开始融化继而逐渐消失，故选 A 项。 答案：A 2．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Larsen C has many cracks.All ice shelves do.This particular crack has been around since at least the 1960s.The unusual part is that in 2014，this crack—and only this crack—started growing quickly.”可知，拉森 C 冰架有很多 裂缝，所有的冰架都如此。而这个特殊的裂缝至少从 20 世纪 60 年代 就存在了。不同寻常的是，在 2014 年，这个裂缝，开始快速地增大， 故选 C 项。 答案：C 3．解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句“Starting in 2014，that soft ice did very little to slow down this rift.”可知，从 2014 年开始，那个软冰就很难减慢这个裂缝的增长速度了。由此可推测， 在 2014 年之前，软冰在一定程度上阻止了崩裂，即“It can prevent cracking to a degree.”，故选 C 项。 答案：C 4．解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“The ice shelves are already...It's what they hold back—water from all the inland glaciers—that could be problematic.If all the water packed in those glaciers made their way to the sea，it could significantly raise global sea levels...”可知，哈森达认为冰架已经在漂浮，但它们的分裂不会立刻 影响海平面。而它们所阻挡的、来自内陆冰川的水才会带来问题。如 果所有囤积在冰川中的水进入海洋，就会显著地升高全球的海平面。 因此推测出他很担心裂缝的影响，故选 D。 答案：D B At the age of seven ， while his friends were spending their allowances on things like candy and toys，Jose Adolfo Quisocola was busy saving money for basic purchases.To try to get his peers( 同 龄 人 )to do the same ， the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an eco­bank，the Bartselana Student Bank，which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment. Set up in 2012 ， the bank is the world's first bank for kids.To become a member，a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal.Once accepted，all bank“partners”are required to deposit at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and observe other requirements ， such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops. The waste accumulated is sold to local recycling companies，who， thanks to Jose's efforts ， pay an above­market price for everything brought in by the bank members.The money received is placed in their personal accounts.When the savings goal is reached ， the account holder can withdraw the money，or choose to leave it and continue to grow for a bigger target.“In the beginning，my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project，”Jose recalls. “ They did not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present.Luckily ， I had the support of the school headmaster and an assistant in my class.” The boy's efforts paid off，and by 2013，the bank had over 200 members ， who brought in one ton of recyclable waste.Today ， the eco­bank， which now has the support of several local institutions， boasts 10 educational centres.They are designed to teach over 3，000 students，aged 10 to 18，to become financially independent，use their money wisely，and help the environment. Not surprisingly，Jose's efforts have earned him several national and international awards.On November 20，2018，Jose won Children's Climate Prize，which comes with a medal and $5，500 in prize money and is given to a child or youth who has accomplished an extraordinary achievement for the climate or environment. 5．Why did Jose set up the bank? A．To raise money and set up a recycling company. B．To buy necessities and donate them to needy kids. C．To save much money and protect the environment. D．To educate the students and help them win prizes. 6．How can a kid be admitted to the eco­bank? A．By donating to the eco­bank. B．By turning in one kilogram of waste in a month. C．By sending in an application. D．By presenting a goal and a certain amount of waste. 7．How did the teachers first feel about Jose's programme? A．Doubtful. B．Excited. C．Moved. D．Worried. 8．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．How the environment is improved. B．What the project has achieved. C．How tons of waste has been recycled. D．What support the local institutions get. 【语篇解读】　本文讲述了乔斯年少时通过创立一家环保银行， 实现自己人生价值的励志故事。 5．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Jose Adolfo Quisocola was busy saving money for basic purchases.”以及“...the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an eco­bank，the Bartselana Student Bank， which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.”可知，乔斯设立环保银行的目的是存钱 和保护环境。故选 C 项。 答案：C 6．解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To become a member， a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal.”可知，想要成为环保银行的会员，必须要带来至少 5 千 克的固体废品并设定一个攒钱目标。故选 D 项。 答案：D 7．解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the beginning，my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project”可知，一开始老师对乔斯的项目持怀疑态度，故选 A 项。 答案：A 8．解析：段落大意题。根据第四段首句中的“The boy's efforts paid off”以及该段中给出的相关数据可知，该段主要介绍了环保银行这一项 目所取得的成绩。故选 B 项。 答案：B Ⅱ.七选五 Electricity power's growth boosts education and improves lives.Yet about 1.1 billion mostly rural residents in Asia and Africa remain stuck in the dark.They have no electric light，rely on kerosene and diesel for power ， and struggle to irrigate their crops. 1 But to realize the potential ， governments need to rethink the role of utilities(公用事业)． 2 Big grids(电网)make perfect sense for populous places.They can cheaply supply power generated far away to millions and ， as they incorporate more wind and solar energy ， they are becoming greener.But in remote places ， the economic case for grids becomes hard to make. Many utilities are short of cash ， if not bankrupt. 3 China and Thailand took 20 years to improve electrification rates from about 30%—40% to 85%—90%.Reaching the remaining areas took a further 20 years ； China managed it only in 2015.And universal electrification，a slogan beloved of politicians，is frequently less than it seems.In April，India celebrated the electrification of its last village，yet about 240 million people remain without power and connections are often unreliable. Entering mini­grids，which can operate independently of national grids，is a way for private companies to offer services more quickly and reliably than frequently state­owned companies. 4 Unlike rooftop solar systems，which are increasingly common in parts of Africa but provide little juice ，mini­grids provide round­the­clock electricity capable of powering machinery ， irrigation systems and freezers ， as well as lighting. 5 In the interim(在此期间)，providers are using specialists in rural development and microfinance to teach people how to set up businesses that benefit from a lot of power.They find that if people learn how to make money from electricity，they will willingly pay for it. A．Yet for that to happen，governments must embrace them. B ． Mini­grids are banks of batteries often charged by solar arrays(太阳能电池阵)． C．Typically，countries connect citizens with vast grid extension programmes. D．The cost of taking power to those least able to afford it adds to their debts. E．Mini­grids and rooftop solar systems can one day be hooked up to the main grid. F．The good news is that people can be connected to clean，reliable power faster than ever before. G．Although they are expensive，mini­grids are likely to become cheaper as they grow more common. 【语篇解读】　电能为社会发展提供动力，为教育的繁荣起到了 促进作用，同时还能提高人们的生活水平。但是在亚非国家大部分地 处偏远的乡村，居民还没有使用上电，人们对电的渴求促使了政府重 新考虑公用事业的作用。本文分别介绍了电力方面的两个公用事业： 大型电网和微型电网。 1．解析：根据空后的“the potential”可知，F 项(好消息是人们可 以比以往更快地接触到清洁可靠的电力)即这种“可能性”。故选 F 项。 答案：F 2．解析：本段主要讲述了大型电网的运转情况。C 项(通常国家把 市民连入大型电网的扩建项目中)中的 vast grid extension programmes 与空后的 Big grids 相呼应，且 C 项与后文所表达的意义相符。故选 C 项。 答案：C 3．解析：根据空前的“short of cash”可知，本段涉及经济问题。 选项中涉及经济问题的只有 D 项，D 项(把电输送到最负担不起电费的 用户家里增加了他们的债务)符合语境。故选 D 项。 答案：D 4．解析：空前讲的是微型电网的运行优势，故本空仍应讲微型电 网的情况。B 项(微型电网是一组电池，通常由太阳能电池阵充电)与上 下文语义连贯，符合语境。故选 B 项。 答案：B 5．解析：根据空后内容可知，在此期间，用户一旦学会了用电赚 钱，他们就会愿意买电。G 项(虽然微型电网昂贵，但普遍推广后有可 能会变得便宜)符合逻辑。故选 G 项。 答案：G Ⅲ.语法填空 There are many reasons 1. college and university students often fail 2. (get) a full night's of sleep.Many American students are away from their parents for the first time when they attend college.They might not be used to having total 3. (free) to plan their days and nights.Parties，late­night study meetings，or just time spent relaxing with friends—these are all things that cut into college students' sleep habits. A few years ago，Michael Scullin began teaching 4. science of sleep to psychology students at Baylor University in Waco ， Texas.Scullin is an assistant professor at Baylor and the director of its Sleep Neuroscience and Cognition Laboratory.He said his students seemed to enjoy the class and were interested in the material he was teaching.The class 5. (centre)around why the body needs to sleep and the physical and mental health problems 6. (cause) by lack of sleep.These include difficulty focusing on studies or 7. (control) one's emotions，and increased risk of many diseases. The United States，Centres for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours' sleep a night to stay 8. (health)．Scullin found students who slept more performed 9. (well)in two different classes，10. he published his findings in two academic publications last November. 【语篇解读】　文章介绍了大学生睡眠不足的问题，以及贝勒大 学的助理教授的研究发现。 1．解析：考查定语从句。句意为：大学生经常睡不了整夜的觉有 许多原因。本空考查定语从句，后面的从句成分完整且前面的先行词 是 reasons。故填 why。 答案：why 2．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处表示大学生睡不了整夜的觉。fail to do sth 为固定搭配，意为“未能做某事”。故填 to get。 答案：to get 3．解析：考查词性转换。句意为：他们可能不习惯完全自由地去 计划自己的白天与晚上。形容词后应用名词，作 having 的宾语。故填 freedom。 答案：freedom 4．解析：考查冠词。句意为：几年前，迈克尔·斯卡林开始教在得 克萨斯州韦科市贝勒大学读心理学专业的学生睡眠科学。teach 为及物 动词，后可直接接宾语，空后是名词，此处应填冠词，具体科学前常 用定冠词。故填 the。 答案：the 5．解析：考查动词的时态。句意为：该班级以研究人体为什么要 睡觉和由于睡眠不足引起的身体与精神方面的健康问题为中心。根据 时间状语 A few years ago 可知，研究发生在几年前，故此处应用一般 过去时。故填 centred。 答案：centred 6．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。problems 与 cause 之间为逻辑上的被动关系，此处应用 cause 的过去分词作 problems 的 后置定语。故填 caused。 答案：caused 7．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：这些(身心问题)包括专心学 习 和 控 制 情 绪 方 面 的 困 难 以 及 增 加 的 ( 患 上 ) 许 多 疾 病 的 风 险 。 (have)difficulty(in)doing sth 为固定用法，意为“做某事有困难”，且设 空处与前面的 focusing 并列，形式应保持一致。故填 controlling。 答案：controlling 8．解析：考查词性转换。此处表示成年人每晚需要至少七小时的 睡眠来保持健康。stay healthy 为固定搭配，意为“保持健康”。故填 healthy。 答案：healthy 9．解析：考查副词的比较级。句意为：斯卡林在两个不同的班级 里发现睡得更多的同学表现得更好，并且他于去年十一月把他的发现 发表在了两本学术刊物上。根据空前的 more 可知，此处应用比较级。 故填 better。 答案：better 10．解析：考查连词。句意见上一题解析。由句意可知，两个分 句之间是并列关系，应用并列连词。故填 and。 答案：and