【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修1Unit4Earthquakes单元学案设计（34页含有答案及解析）

【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修1Unit4Earthquakes单元学案设计（34页含有答案及解析）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修1Unit4 Earthquakes单元学案设计 ‎1. 学习并理解“中国唐山地震的不眠之夜”“地震后重建的新唐山”“美国旧金山1906年地震”。‎ ‎2. 了解地震的有关知识，学习在地震或突遇的灾难中如何自救、救人。‎ What is the headline of the newspaper? Are there any frightening events today? I can judge you are frightened. Oh, here is an earthquake. What shocking news! Water pipes burst. Brick walls and metal bars were in ruins. Electricity was hard to get. Millions of buildings were trapped in the dirt. The wells were buried and the canals were destroyed. The quake caused damage to the nation. The whole nation would suffer from extreme pains. You can not find tracks of the alive. It seemed as if the world was at an end. A great number of coal miners had no shelter. It is useless crying. Rescue workers were giving a hand sincerely. We should congratulate ourselves on living in a safe place. Express sincere thanks to the reporters, who made others know the disaster.‎ ‎1. in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 ‎ ‎2. rescue n. & vt. 援救；营救 ‎3. judge n. 裁判员；法官 vt. 断定；判断；判决 ‎ ‎4. right away 立刻；马上 ‎ ‎5. congratulate vt. 祝贺 ‎1. 电很难接通。‎ Electricity was hard to get.‎ ‎2. 看起来世界末日好像到了。‎ It seemed as if the world was at an end. ‎ ‎3. 哭泣是没有用处的。‎ It is useless crying. ‎ ‎★earthquake n. 地震 ‎ ‎★burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发 ‎ ‎★event n. 事件；大事 ‎★nation n. 民族；国家；国民 ‎★ruin n. 废墟；毁灭 vt. 毁灭；使破产 ‎★suffering n. 苦难；痛苦 ‎★extreme adj. 极度的 ‎★injure vt. 损害；伤害 ‎ ‎★dirt n. 污垢；泥土 ‎★destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭 ‎★shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动 ‎ ‎★trap vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境 ‎★electricity n. 电；电流；电学 ‎★disaster n. 灾难；灾祸 ‎ ‎★useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的 ‎★dig out 掘出；发现 ‎★frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬 ‎ ‎★bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 ‎★shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 ‎★damage n. & vt. 损失；损害 ‎ ‎★express vt. 表示；表达 n. 快车；速递 ‎★frightened adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的 ‎★frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 ‎★congratulation n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词 ‎★sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地 ‎ 一、重点单词需牢记 ‎1. burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发 ‎ burst in/into突然闯进；破门而入 burst out突然迸发；爆发；突然激动地喊叫 burst out doing... ＝burst into＋n. 突然做某事 burst with anger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支 burst into cheers爆发出欢呼声 The police burst through the door. ‎ 警察破门而入。‎ There was a burst of laughter in the next room. ‎ 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。 ‎ ‎2. ruin n. 废墟；毁灭 vt. 毁灭；使破产 ‎ ruin oneself毁掉自己 in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 fall/come into ruin逐渐破碎 bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏 The rain ruined my painting. ‎ 这场雨把我的画给毁了。‎ An earthquake left the whole town in ruins. ‎ 那次地震过后，全城到处是颓垣断壁。 ‎ ruin、destroy、damage、hurt、harm、wound与injure ‎ ‎★ruin强调一次性彻底毁灭，程度严重且不能修复。 ‎ ‎★destroy指通过有力或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时用于比喻意义。 ‎ ‎★damage多指对价值和动能的破坏，以无生命的东西居多。‎ ‎★hurt 多指肉体方面的伤害，常伴有痛感。作借喻时常指对精神或感情方面的伤害。 ‎ ‎★harm指被“损害，伤害”的东西不再完整、美丽。 ‎ ‎★wound 主要指刀伤，枪伤，也可以指感情上的创伤。‎ ‎★injure“伤害，损害”，意义较广，着重指偶然事故对人或物的容貌、内部器官、生理机能的“损害”。‎ ‎3. shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动 n. 休克；打击；震惊 ‎ be/get shocked 触电 be shocked at 对……感到惊讶 It gave me quite a shock to be told I was seriously ill.‎ 听说我的病很严重，我吃了一惊。 ‎ They were shocked by her rudeness. ‎ 他们对她的无礼感到震惊。‎ shocked adj. 震惊的；震撼的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的；骇人听闻的 ‎4. rescue n. & vt. 援救；营救 ‎ rescue...from...把……从……营救出来 ‎ come to/ go to one's rescue ＝ rescue sb. 援救某人 ‎ a rescue team 救援队 a rescue mission 救援任务 ‎ rescue workers 救援人员 ‎ He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child.‎ 他从桥上跳入水中去抢救那溺水儿童。‎ The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. ‎ 警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。‎ ‎5. trap vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境 ‎ trap sb./sth. into(doing)．.. 诱使某人/某物(做)…… ‎ be trapped in 被……困住 Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse.‎ 塌方后，有些矿工被困在地下。‎ The police set a trap to catch the thief. ‎ 警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。‎ trapper n. 设陷阱者；设陷阱捕兽者 ‎6. bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 ‎ be buried alive 被活埋 be buried under 为……所压倒；沉浸于，忙于 bury (oneself)in 埋头于；专心于；退居于(乡间等)‎ ‎＝be buried in bury one's head in the sand 自欺欺人，逃避现实(来自鸵鸟的习性)‎ Henry buried the dead dog in the backyard.‎ ‎＝ The dead dog was buried in the backyard by Henry. ‎ 亨利把死狗埋在后院。‎ He is burying himself in his books, paying no attention to anything else. ‎ 他埋头于书本，其他事一概不问。‎ ‎7. congratulation n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词 ‎ congratulate vt. 祝贺，向……道喜 congratulations (to sb.)on sth. 就……(向某人)祝贺 congratulate sb. on sth. 为某事向某人祝贺 The letter arrived in congratulation of my graduation from the university.　‎ 我收到了大学毕业的贺信。 ‎ Congratulations on your success! ‎ 祝贺你获得了成功！‎ We congratulated him on having passed the exam.‎ 我们祝贺他通过了考试。‎ ‎8. judge n. 裁判员；法官 vt. 断定；判断；判决 ‎ judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过……判断……‎ judging from... 从……来看，根据……判断 His father used to be a judge. ‎ 他的父亲过去是一名法官。‎ She's a good judge of wine. ‎ 她是鉴别酒的专家。‎ The blind can't judge colours. ‎ 盲人无法判断颜色。‎ Don't judge a man by his looks. ‎ 不要以貌取人。‎ Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. ‎ 从他所说的话来看，他是个诚实的人。‎ 二、重点短语需精通 ‎1. think little of不重视；认为……没有价值 She thought little of my work. 她不看重我的工作。‎ He thought little of my suggestion.他不重视我的建议。‎ think little/poorly /nothing of轻视；忽略 think much/highly/well of重视；看重，评价高 What do you think of ...？认为……怎么样？‎ think twice 再三考虑 think about考虑；回想；想起 think of考虑；记忆，记起 think sth. over仔细想；谨慎思考；作进一步考虑 think sth. out认真考虑；仔细盘算 think sth. up想出，发明 ‎2. right away 立刻；马上 I'll return the book to you right away. ‎ 我会马上把书还给你。‎ If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.‎ 如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。‎ right now ＝ at once ＝ immediately ＝ in no time立刻，马上 ‎ ‎3. at an end 结束；终结 The war was finally at an end. ‎ 战争终于结束了。 ‎ at the end of在……尽头；在……末端 by the end of到……结束时；到……时候为止 in the end最后；终于 come to an end结束 put/bring...to an end结束……‎ put an end to结束……；终结……‎ ‎4. a (great)number of 许多；大量的 I gave away a (great)number of books to the children there.‎ 我向那儿的孩子捐献了许多书。‎ 表示“许多；大量”的词语可分为以下几类：‎ ＋可数名词复数 ＋不可数名词 ＋可数名词或不可数名词 ＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词 三、重点句式能熟用 ‎1. In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食了。‎ 句中含有too...to...结构，意为“……以至于不……”。‎ These pillars are too thin to carry the roof.‎ 这些柱子太细，支撑不住屋顶。‎ ‎ too...to...句型在下列情况下表示肯定意义；‎ ‎(1)too后的形容词是anxious, eager, easy, glad, kind, ready时，too表示very、extremely的含义。‎ ‎(2)too前有only，but，all修饰时，表示“非常”。 ‎ ‎(3)和never, can't连用时，表示“非常，不会不”。‎ ‎2. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！‎ as if＝as though意为“仿佛，像，似乎”，通常用在be，look，seem，sound，taste，smell及feel等连系动词的后面。如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气， 其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。引导方式状语从句时也要用虚拟语气。‎ How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified! ‎ 他的白发十分凌乱，好像触了电似的！(虚拟语气)‎ She seems as if she is going to cry. ‎ 她似乎要哭了。(陈述事实)‎ He behaved as if nothing had happened.‎ 他表现得好像什么也没发生。(虚拟语气)‎ as if (though)后面除了跟句子外，还可以跟名词、动词不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语和分词。 另外，as if (though)还可以表达感叹语气，来对某项建议、假设和推测表示不赞成、惊讶、不满和厌恶等。 ‎ As if we were all stupid and he alone clever!‎ 哼，就仿佛我们都是傻瓜只有他一个人聪明似的！‎ He raised his hand as if to take off his hat. ‎ 他举起他的手，好像要取下帽子。 ‎ ‎3. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ 本句中使用了部分否定，即all...not＝not all...都是“部分否定”，也称“半否定”。‎ all，both，each，every，everyone，everything，always，whole，wholly，entirely，altogether等具有总括意义的词与否定词not连用时，一般都表示部分否定，其中all，both, each，every无论在not之前还是之后，都表示部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。‎ All that glitters is not gold.‎ 发光的不一定都是金子。‎ Not all body languages mean the same thing in different countries. ‎ 并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思。‎ Each machine here is not produced in our plant.‎ 这里的机器不全是我们厂生产的。 ‎ 而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。 ‎ 四、话题写作多积累 训练四：写报道 报道就是把获得的信息快速而准确地用书面形式进行传递。它的结构一般分为四个部分：标题、导语、主体、结语。新闻五要素(5W)缺一不可， 指的是时间(when)，地点(where)，人物(who)，起因(why)，结果(whereupon)。 ‎ ‎(1)标题解大意：浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。用来说明消息内容，通常以醒目的文字出现在消息之上的简短文字，能简明扼要地向读者揭示新闻的主要内容，使其在最短的时间内获取最多的信息。‎ ‎(2)导语述事实：通常为文章的第一段。文章的第一段提供主要话题和最主要的事实。它是新闻文体区别于其他文体的特有概念。通常包含5W和1H。‎ ‎(3)正文细道来：在导语的基础上，引入更多的与主题相关的事实，使之更加详实、具体，并展开评论，进而得出结论。‎ ‎(4)结语来总结：报道的结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结，或对新闻时间的发展趋势做出预测。 ‎ I'd like to say something about...‎ A terrible accident happened.‎ He finished first in the race.‎ It happened that...‎ He went on riding though the red light was on.‎ Good news comes on crutches. ‎ Bad news travels quickly.‎ 报道写作时的注意事项 ‎ ‎(1)注意人称：除评论部分用第一人称外其余段落都应该用第三人称。‎ ‎(2)注意时态的正确使用：要用一般过去时。‎ ‎(3)注意新闻的必要要素不可缺少。 ‎ ‎【例1】(1)用burst相关短语的适当形式填空 ‎①The police __burst__into__the__house__(闯进屋子)and arrested the thief.‎ ‎②Much to my surprise, she __burst__out__crying/burst__into__tears__(号啕大哭)the instant she read the letter.‎ ‎(2)同义句改写 Hearing the interesting story，all the people present burst into laughter.‎ Hearing the interesting story，all the people present __burst__out__laughing__．‎ ‎【例2】(1)根据汉语提示完成句子 ‎ ‎① The bad weather has__ruined____(毁了)all my pleasure for the holiday. ‎ ‎②A large number of churches __were__ruined__(毁了)after the revolution. ‎ ‎③A village once so attractive was __ruined__(毁了). ‎ ‎(2)从ruin、destroy、damage、hurt、harm、wound与injure中选择合适的单词完成句子 ‎①The strong wind __damaged__several houses.‎ ‎②He fell off the bike and __hurt__his arm.‎ ‎③The earthquake __destroyed__many lives.‎ ‎④You'll __ruin__your health if you go on like that. ‎ ‎⑤She's afraid that in their fight he would__harm__the child. ‎ ‎⑥The bullet __wounded__him in the leg. ‎ ‎⑦John fell down from the tree and __injured__his back. ‎ ‎【例3】用shock的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①Mr. Smith got __shocked__when he touched the wire.‎ ‎②They __were__shocked__at the news.‎ ‎③Jane, __shocked__at the news of the earthquake, was at a loss for words. ‎ ‎④Earthquake __shocks__are often felt in Japan.‎ ‎⑤All the people present felt __shocked__at the __shocking__news.‎ ‎【例4】(1)使用恰当的介词填空 ‎ ‎①Michael rescued a boy__from__drowning. ‎ ‎②They came__to__his rescue on hearing his cry.‎ ‎③We rescued him__from__the enemy's camp.‎ ‎(2)用rescue的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①The mother, along with her two children, has__been__rescued__from the sinking boat by a passing ship.‎ ‎②The firemen__rescued__five children from the burning house yesterday. ‎ ‎【例5】使用恰当的介词填空 ‎①We were trapped __for__an hour in the traffic jam.‎ ‎②She was trapped __in__the burning house.‎ ‎③I was trapped __into__telling the police all I knew.‎ ‎④The thief was trapped __by__the police in an old house.‎ ‎【例6】同义句改写 Because she buried herself in the film，she didn't know it was snowing outside.‎ ‎①Burying__herself__in__the__film,__she__didn't__know__it__was__snowing__outside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎②Buried__in__the__film,__she__didn't__know__it__was__snowing__outside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)‎ bury常借喻表示“埋头于……”“沉浸于……”，宾语常是思想、工作、事业等。‎ ‎【例7】用congratulate的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①He is __to__be__congratulated__for his success.‎ ‎②I send you my warmest __congratulations__on your success. ‎ congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。‎ ‎③The loser __congratulated__the winner of the race when the game came to an end. ‎ congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。‎ ‎【例8】用judge的适当形式填空 ‎①__Judging__from his appearance, he must be a rich man.‎ ‎②In her__judgment,__he must be from the south. ‎ ‎③Sometimes it is difficult for scientists to make a __judgment__about what may be happening without signals from the spaceship.‎ ‎【例1】根据汉语提示完成句子 ‎①The government __thinks__much/highly/well__of__(非常重视)his invention because it'll benefit the country. ‎ ‎②The foolish boss __thought__little__of__(不重视)my suggestions on that project. ‎ ‎③He __is__thinking__about__(正在考虑)travelling in the summer holidays. ‎ ‎④I can't __think__of__(想起)his name then. ‎ ‎⑤Please __think__over__(仔细考虑)what I said. ‎ ‎⑥He __thought__out__(想出)a new idea. 【例2】用right away的同义短语完成句子 I want it typed right away, please.‎ ‎＝ I want it typed right__now,__please. ‎ ‎＝ I want it typed at__once,__please. ‎ ‎＝ I want it typed immediately,__please. ‎ ‎＝ I want it typed in__no__time,__please.‎ ‎【例3】用end的相关短语填空 ‎①How many English words had you learned __by__the__end__of__last term?‎ ‎②He became an outstanding doctor __in__the__end__．‎ ‎③My uncle will fly to China __at__the__end__of__this year. ‎ ‎④The long hot summer __came__to__an__end__.‎ ‎【例4】单句改错 ‎①In the past two years, the number of automobile accidents in Beijing have decreased. ‎ have改为__has___________________________________________________‎ ‎②The number of competitors are limit. ‎ are改为 is_________________________________________________________‎ ‎③A number of problems has arisen. ‎ has改为have_______________________________________________________‎ ‎④Large quantities of there was polluted. ‎ was改为were_____________________________________________________‎ ‎①a number of意为“一些，很多”，相当于 many, 后接可数名词复数，当它作主语时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎②the number of意为“……的数量、数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎③large quantities of＋名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎④ large amounts of＋不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎【例1】翻译句子 ‎ ‎①The ropes are too high for children to reach. ‎ 那些绳子太高，孩子们够不着。‎ ‎②I'll be only too pleased to be able to do the job for you.‎ 我能为您效劳，真是十分高兴。‎ ‎③All too soon all this ended.‎ 很快这一切都结束了。‎ all too soon总是太早；过得太快。‎ ‎④It's never too late to learn.‎ 活到老，学到老。‎ ‎【例2】根据汉语意思完成句子 ‎ ‎①他做起事来好像是个电视专家。‎ He acts as if he __were/was__(be)a TV expert.‎ ‎②你看上去似乎并不在乎。 ‎ You look as if you __don't__care__(not care). ‎ ‎③那棵树看上去好像很久没人给浇水了。‎ The tree looked as if it __hadn't__been__watered__(water)for a long time.‎ ‎④他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。‎ He talks about Rome as if he __had__been__(be)there before.‎ ‎⑤他张开嘴似乎要说什么。‎ He opened his mouth as if he __would__say__(say)something. ‎ ‎＝ He opened his mouth as if __to__say__(say)something. ‎ ‎⑥看起来似乎要下雪了。‎ It looks as if it __might__snow__(may snow). ‎ ‎⑦她待他如陌生人。‎ She treats him as if he __were__(be)a stranger. ‎ ‎【例3】(1)根据汉语意思完成句子 ‎①并非什么都好。‎ Everything__ is not right.‎ ‎②没有什么能改变她的想法。‎ Nothing__can change her mind.‎ ‎(2)将下列句子改为全部否定 ‎①Not everything she did pleased him.‎ Nothing__she__did__pleased__him.‎ ‎②Both of them are not my brothers.‎ Neither__of__them__is__my__brothers.‎ ‎③I do not remember all the details.‎ I__do__not__remember__any__of__the__details.‎ ‎④She is not always excited.‎ She__is__never__excited.‎ ‎(2018届辽宁沈阳模拟)‎ ‎5月1日，高三(5)班的学生志愿者Li Hua和Zhang Fan去阳光敬老院(Sunshine Nursing Home)开展志愿者活动(送水果、打扫、聊天等)。假如你是校英语报的记者，请按下列要点用英语写一则100～120个词的新闻报道。 ‎ ‎1. 时间、地点、任务、活动；‎ ‎2. 老人们的反应；‎ ‎3. 简短评论。‎ 注意：报道的标题和记者姓名已给出(不计词数)。 ‎ Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly On May Day, two students from Class Five, Grade Three, Li Hua and Zhang Fan, went to Sunshine Nursing Home to do some voluntary work.‎ When they arrived, they received a warm welcome, and out of respect, they gave the elderly flowers and fruits.Then, they immediately began to work.First they cleaned the windows and then swept the floor.After everything was finished, Li Hua and Zhang Fan sat in the yard and chatted with the elderly people.When it was time for the two volunteers to leave, the elderly people said they appreciated their kindness and it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.‎ Li Hua and Zhang Fan were very happy because what they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives.‎ By Liu Yue, School Newspaper ‎ ‎1. 标题醒目：标题中的关键词是Student Volunteers和Elderly。‎ ‎2. 导语概括：导语陈述了事件的时间、地点、人物和内容摘要。 ‎ ‎3. 正文详述：本段详细描述了事件经过。志愿者受到了老人们的欢迎。而从志愿者的诸多活动(送水果、打扫、聊天等)和老人们的反应可以看出这次活动取得了很大成功。 ‎ ‎4. 结语概括：最后，对此次志愿者活动进行评价。‎ 考向一　在语法填空中设题 ‎1. (2017全国卷Ⅰ) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both，______is not good for the health. ‎ ‎2. (2017全国卷Ⅲ) Sarah，______has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.‎ ‎【答案】1.which　考查定语从句。吃太多的脂肪和盐对健康有害。句中含有定语从句，先行词to have too much of both，定语从句中缺少主语，因为是非限制性定语从句，所以用which引导。‎ ‎2．who　考查定语从句。句中含有非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sarah，故要用who。‎ 考向二　在阅读理解中考查“人和自然”话题 ‎ ‎(2016北京卷，B)‎ Surviving Hurricane Sandy (飓风桑迪)‎ Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，” she says.‎ On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard.‎ ‎ Fortunately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridge closed.‎ When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.‎ In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high－rise buildings.‎ ‎“My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me，” Natalie says. “But I can always choose how I deal with it.”‎ Natalie's choice was to help.‎ She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick's collection was replaced.‎ In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much－‎ need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.‎ Today, the scars (创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，” Natalie declares.‎ ‎ “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”‎ ‎1. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found ________.‎ A. some friends had lost their lives B. her neighborhood was destroyed C. her school had moved to Brooklyn D. the elderly were free from suffering ‎2. According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?‎ A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild.‎ B. The people trapped in high－rise building.‎ C. The volunteers donating money to survivors.‎ D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.‎ ‎3. How did Natalie help the survivors?‎ A. She gave her toys to the kids.‎ B. She took care of younger children.‎ C. She called on the White House to help.‎ D. She built an information sharing platform.‎ ‎4. What does the story intend to tell us?‎ A. Little people can make a big difference.‎ B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.‎ C. East or West, home is best.‎ D. Technology is power. ‎ ‎【语篇解读】Natalie是一个14岁的孩子，她生活的地方遭到了飓风桑迪的袭击，受灾严重。看到人们在帮助家乡重建，Natalie也加入了进去，Natalie创建网站来分享求助信息，帮助捐赠者找到需要的受助者。Natalie的行为得到了社会的认可和表扬。‎ ‎1．B　段落大意题。A项未提及；根据第三段最后一句话可知，学校没有搬走，而是暂时去Brooklyn上学，排除C；根据第三段第三句话排除D；根据第三段第一句话可知，他们的街区被飓风毁了，故选B。 ‎ ‎2．A　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话可知，那些帮助Rockaway恢复重建的人给了Natalie鼓舞。故选A。‎ ‎3．D　根据倒数第三段的第一句话可知，Natalie创建了一个网站来分享和匹配求助信息和捐赠信息。故选D。‎ ‎4．A　写作意图题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句话可知，Natalie的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬，说明小人物也可以有大作为，故选A。‎ 计策1：看标点符号确定是否是定语从句 计策2：若是定语从句就判断从句类型 计策3：看从句中缺少什么成分后选择关系词 计策1：略读定大意 本文介绍了一个普通女孩所做的大事。‎ 略读课文后可以得出以下判断： ‎ 主人公：Natalie 身份：student ‎ 飓风前：lucky to live in Rockaway 飓风后：unlucky to be attacked hard ‎ ‎(第1题答案)‎ 决定：help 原因：men and women helping Rockaway recover (第2题答案)‎ 方式：created a website (第3题答案)‎ 结果：成功(第4题答案)‎ 计策2：细读找出处 通过再次速读文章会发现：‎ 第2段第2句：That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. 呈现了本来在这里幸福生活的Natalie和她的邻居们遭遇到的前所未有的打击，与第1题的B 项中的her neighborhood was destroyed吻合。‎ 第4段第一句话In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. 说明正是那些救助Rockaway的人们鼓舞了Natalie，让她有了一个大胆的想法，与第2题的A项的The people helping Rockaway rebuild吻合。‎ 第7段第1句话She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.说明Natalie觉得通过利用网络让更多的人帮助受灾者，而网站的性质也有“广而告之”的功能，与第3题的D项的She built an information sharing platform 表述吻合。 ‎ 第一段第一句话Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York.说明Natalie本来是一个普通的纽约女孩，但是她的大胆设想和努力付出帮助了更多需要帮助的人，而倒数第二段最后一句话Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change. 说明她的付出得到了认可和赞扬，说明她做到了“人小鬼大”。‎ 计策3：了解网络的功能 文章中的website和第3题中的information sharing platform有异曲同工之妙，是考生应该了解的网络的基本常识。‎ 一、词汇拓展 ‎ ‎1. quake n. 震动 → __earthquake__n. 地震 ‎ ‎2. nation n. 民族；国家；国民→__national__adj. 民族的 ‎3. dirt n. 污垢；泥土→__dirty__adj. 脏的national holiday 国庆日 ‎4. suffer vt. & vi.遭受；忍受；经历→__suffering__n. 苦难；痛苦 ‎ ‎5. extreme adj. 极度的→__extremely__adv. 极度地 ‎ ‎6. injure vt. 损害；伤害→__injury__n. 损害 ‎7. survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还→__survivor__n. 幸存者；生还者；残存物→__survival__ n. 幸存 ‎8. use n. 用途 vt. 使用→__usage__n. 用法→__useless__adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的→__useful__adj. 有用的 ‎ ‎9. shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动n. 休克；打击；震惊→__shocked__adj. 震惊的→__shocking__adj. 令人震惊的 ‎10. electric adj. 电的→__electrical__adj. 与电有关的，用电的→__electronic__adj. 电子的→__electricity__n. 电；电流 ‎ ‎11. mine n. 矿；矿山；矿井→__miner__n. 矿工 ‎ ‎12. report vt. 报道→__reporter__n. 记者 ‎ ‎13. frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬→__frightened__adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的→__frightening__adj. 令人恐惧的 ‎14. congratulate vt. 祝贺→__congratulation__n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词 ‎15. judge n. 裁判员；法官 vt. 断定；判断；判决→__judgment__n. 裁判；判断 ‎16. sincere adj. 真诚的；真挚的→__sincerely__adv. 真诚地；真挚地 ‎17. express vt. 表示；表达 n. 快车；速递→__expression__n. ‎ 词语；表示；表达 ‎18. cycle vi.骑自行车→__cyclist__n. 骑自行车的人→__bicycle__n. 自行车→__recycle__vt. 回收利用；再利用 二、单句语法填空 ‎ ‎1. The flood__destroyed__(destroy)a lot of houses and many people became homeless.‎ ‎2. After__electricity__(electric)was cut off, the lights went out.‎ disaster, calamity和catastrophe 这三个词均可指不幸的灾难。‎ ‎3. __Disasters__(disaster)always come suddenly and cause a lot of damage.‎ ‎4. The__frightened__(frighten)girl was speechless after she saw the terrible scene.‎ ‎5. A car accident happened with two people killed and one seriously__injured__(injure)．‎ ‎6. St. Petersburg was almost in __ruins__(ruin)after it was under attack for 900 days by the Germans.‎ ‎7. The rescue workers put up a lot of tents so that the homeless survivors could be __sheltered__(shelter)．‎ ‎8. Please give him my__congratulations__(congratulate)when you see him.‎ ‎9. The river__burst__(burst)its banks and flooded the village.‎ ‎10. They were badly__shocked__(shock)by the news of her death.‎ ‎11. There are 54 students in his class, and one－third of them__are__(be)girls.‎ ‎12. Her__injury__(injure)made her retire from the State Department. ‎ ‎13. Luckily no one__was__trapped__(trap)in a burning house yesterday.‎ ‎14. Wang Lin had won the first prize in the__national__(nation)examination. ‎ 三、用短语的适当形式填空 dig out，think little of，at an end，right away, a number of, the number of, in ruins, be gone, judging from, burst into tears, find a shelter to hide at the end 在……的末尾 be at an end 完毕 be at one's wit's end 无法可想1. Failing again doesn't mean that the world is __at__an__end__．‎ ‎2. On hearing the good news, he shared it with his parents __right__away__．‎ ‎3. He __thought__little__of__my advice and that made me very angry.‎ ‎4. __A__number__of__people were killed in the earthquake. We don't know exactly __the__number__of__them. ‎ ‎5. He was buried by an avalanche (雪崩)and had to ‎ __be__dug__out__．‎ ‎6. After the big fire, all of their houses were__in__ruins__．‎ ‎7. The days when the Chinese had to obey others __are__gone__forever.‎ ‎8. When I told her the bad news, Helen__burst__into__tears__. ‎ ‎9. Mice ran out of the fields__to__find__shelters__to__hide__．‎ ‎10. __Judging__from__what he said, he must be an honest man. ‎ 四、课文回顾 Strange things happened in Tangshan on July 28, 1976，1.__which__were signs of earthquakes.2.__For__a few days, water in the wells rose and fell. From the 3.__cracks__(crack)of wells smelly gas came out. Mice, chicken, pigs and even fish became nervous. But people in the city of Tangshan didn't think much of them. At 3：00 am, everything began to shake.It seemed that the world was at 4.__an__end. One－third of the nation 5.__felt__(feel)it. A huge crack cut across the city. The city lay in 6.__ruins__(ruin). ‎ Two－thirds of the people died or 7.__were__injured__(injure). Then later that afternoon，another big quake 8.__shook__(shake)Tangshan. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. But all hope was not 9.__lost__(lose). Soldiers came to help those survivors.10.__Slowly__(slow), the city began to breathe again. ‎ national affairs 国家大事 ‎ national defence 国防 national dress 民族服装 ‎ national flag 国旗 national games 全国运动会 national income 国民收入 ‎ national textbook 全国通用教材 national university 国立大学 shock强调“震惊，使毛骨悚然，使愤慨”，表示不快的事情。‎ surprise的含义是使人一愣，这种吃惊可能包含着高兴，也可能包含害怕或忧虑，语气较弱。‎ amaze强调“使惊异，困惑”，还有“惊叹，佩服”的意思。‎ astonish表示“对不平常的事大吃一惊”、“几乎无法使人相信”，但没有“惊叹”的意思。‎ electric为“电的，用电的，带电的”，指任何电动的或发电的装置，被修饰的物体本身可带电；‎ electrical为“电的，与电有关的，电气科学的”，指与电有关的事物，被修饰的词本身并不能带电。‎ disaster指人为的或自然的灾祸；‎ calamity指造成的灾祸比disaster更大；‎ catastrophe指造成的损失无法补偿。‎ shelter from the rain 避雨 shelter from sunlight 避光 shelter from trouble 避开麻烦 find shelter in 在……里躲避 form a shelter 构成掩体/隐蔽物 ‎ seek/take shelter 寻求/得到庇护 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of＋名词”构成的短语以及由 “分数或百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 ‎ bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡 bring sb.to ruin 使某人毁灭 fall into ruin 坍塌 Key words：‎ strange things in Tangshan on July 28, 1976‎ didn't think much of them began to shake One－third of the nation huge crack，died another big quake all hope came to help breathe again