【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题虚拟语气考点学案（14页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题虚拟语气考点学案（14页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题虚拟语气考点学案 ‎——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·江苏高考改编)Were_ it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ ‎2．(2018·江西新余一中，宜春一中联考) You might feel as if you_were (be) in a fairy tale.‎ ‎3．(2016·北京高考改编)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week？If you had_told (tell) me, I could have helped.‎ ‎4．(2016·6月浙江高考改编)Had (have) the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 ‎1．在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。其构成如下：‎ 主从句 构成 意义 虚拟条件句 主句 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)‎ would/should/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 ‎1.动词过去式 ‎2.should＋动词原形 ‎3.were to＋动词原形 would/should/could/might＋动词原形 If my brother were here, everything would be all right.(与现在事实相反)‎ 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。‎ If you had taken my advice, you couldn't have failed the exam.(与过去事实相反)‎ 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。‎ If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see my grandmother.(与将来事实相反)‎ 如果明天是星期天，我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。‎ ‎2．虚拟条件句的形式转换。‎ 虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式：‎ ‎(1)省略连词if。‎ 虚拟条件从句中可以把if省略，把were, had或should放到主语之前。‎ Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.‎ 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。‎ ‎(2)用without和but for介词短语代替条件状语从句。‎ Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things.‎ 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。‎ ‎(3)用连词otherwise, but, or代替条件状语从句。‎ I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.‎ 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ 有时条件状语从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(称为错综时间条件句)，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。‎ If you hadn't left home without a word, your parents wouldn't be so worried now.‎ 要是你说句话再离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·湖北荆门调研)If that incident_hadn't_happened_(not, happen), I wouldn't have made new friends in high school and met the people who are my best friends now.‎ ‎2．But for the encouraging cheers from the audience, our team ‎ couldn't_have_won (not, win) such an important match.‎ ‎3．(2018·吉林一中模拟)I was busy the other day, otherwise I would_have_come (come) to help you.‎ ‎4．(2018·河北高三联考)—Why are you so depressed, Shelly?‎ ‎—I lost the contest narrowly, or I would_have_gained (gain) the award of 10,000 dollars.‎ ‎5．(2018·东北三校联考)Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would_have_been_saved (save).‎ 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎(2018·山东师大附中模拟) I was delighted and was about to accept her proposal when she suggested we first_go/should_go (go) to the West Lake and walk along the Broken Bridge.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用 ‎1．“wish＋宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，可译为“要是……就好了”。‎ 意义 宾语从句中虚拟语气的构成 现在不能实现的愿望 从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时 将来不能实现的愿望 从句中的谓语动词用“would/could＋动词原形”‎ 过去不能实现的愿望 从句中的谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”‎ I wish it were spring all the year round.‎ 我希望整年都是春天。‎ I wish I had known the answer.‎ 我希望知道答案。(事实上当时不知道)‎ I wish he could fly to me tomorrow.‎ 我希望他明天能飞到我身边。‎ ‎2．在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest, advise, propose, request, command, order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ She suggested we (should) leave here at once.‎ 她建议我们马上离开这儿。‎ 二、虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用 表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advice, order, demand, suggestion, request等的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ His suggestion that we (should) go to Shanghai is wonderful.‎ 他建议我们去上海，这太好了。‎ 三、虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用 以下两种句型中，主语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ ‎(1)It is/was important/necessary/essential/impossible/natural/unthinkable/strange/surprising that ...‎ ‎(2)It is/was a rule/a shame/an honour/a surprise/no wonder/a pity/ that ...‎ It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference.‎ 他有必要整理些信息供我参考。‎ It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should be so careless.‎ 很遗憾你竟然如此粗心。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．insist表示“争论事实，认为事情就是这样的”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气；表示“坚持一种观点”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气should do，其中should可以省略。‎ The doctor insisted that the boy was seriously ill and should be operated on at once.‎ 医生坚持说这个孩子病得很严重，应该立刻手术。‎ ‎2．suggest表示“显示”时，宾语从句不加虚拟语气；表示“建议”时，宾语从句加虚拟语气should do，其中should可以省略。‎ His pale face suggested that he was ill.‎ 他苍白的脸色显示他病了。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．I wished the children had_been_sleeping (sleep) when we returned home, but in fact they were still awake. ‎ ‎2．(2018·南昌一模)His expression suggested that he had_passed (pass) the test.‎ ‎3．(2018·东北三校联考)The order came that the medical supplies (should)_be_sent (send) to the earthquakestricken area soon. ‎ ‎4．(2018·大庆市二轮复习检测)My father suggests that I (should)_take (take) enough sleep before the final examination.‎ ‎5．Doctors strongly recommend that fathers (should)_be (be) present at their babies' birth.‎ 虚拟语气在其他句型中的用法 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎(2018·安徽马鞍山质检)If only I had_heard (hear) your praise then! For, you see, I lost heart and gave up.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 ‎1．虚拟语气在as if/as though, even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中。‎ 如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况，则用过去将来时。‎ Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.‎ 即使她在这里，她也解决不了这个问题。‎ ‎2．虚拟语气用于定语从句中。‎ 这种从句常用于句型“It is (high) time (that) ...”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或“should＋动词原形”，意思是“(现在)该……”。“It was time that ...”定语从句中用过去完成时。‎ It's time that I picked up/should pick my daughter.‎ 我该接我女儿了。‎ It was time that they had put an end to the meeting.‎ 他们该结束会议了。‎ ‎3．虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。‎ If only I were a bird.‎ 要是我是只小鸟就好了。‎ If only I had taken his advice.‎ 要是我听从了他的建议就好了。‎ ‎4．would rather后接句子时。‎ 表示现在和将来的动作用一般过去时，表示过去的动作用过去完成时。‎ I would rather he didn't come to my party tomorrow.‎ 我宁愿他明天不要来我的晚会。‎ I would rather they hadn't told me the time of the meeting.‎ 我宁愿他们没有告诉我开会的时间。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．Who does that shop assistant think he is？He behaves as if he owned (own) the grocery.‎ ‎2．Look at the trouble we're in. If only we had_taken (take) our teacher's advice!‎ ‎3．(2018·宁夏质检)—Shall we go to the movie tonight?‎ ‎—No, I'd rather you stayed (stay) at home with our baby.You'd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.‎ ‎4．My husband is always talking about the economy and stocks, but I'd rather he focused (focus) more on our children's education.‎ ‎5．(2018·湖北四地七校联考)It is high time that ‎ you_considered/should_consider (consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would only achieve a little.‎ ‎1．考查虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法 ‎ ‎①(2017·北京高考改编)If the new safety system ______ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.‎ 解析：had been put 　句意：如果新的安全系统已经被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。根据句意、句子结构以及句中的信息“would never have happened”可知，句中If引导的是虚拟条件句，表示对过去的情况进行假设，故从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎②(2015·北京高考改编)If I________ (not, see) it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.‎ 解析：hadn't seen　根据语境及主句谓语“would have done”形式，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故if引导的条件状语从句中的谓语动词应用had done形式。‎ ‎③(2013·天津高考改编)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ (be) able to speak it much better now.‎ 解析：would/should/might/could be　本句为错综虚拟语气，从句时间状语为before，故是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时；主句时间状语为now，是对现在的虚拟，因此谓语动词用“would/should/might/could＋动词原形”。‎ ‎2．考查虚拟语气在with, without, but for, or, otherwise等构成的结构代替条件状语从句时的用法 ‎ ‎①(2017·天津高考改编)—Do you have Betty's phone number?‎ ‎—Yes. Otherwise, I ________ (not, be) able to reach her yesterday.‎ 解析：wouldn't have been　句意：“你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？”“有。不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。”根据句中的时间状语和副词Otherwise判断，这里表示与过去事实相反的情况，此时谓语用“could/might/would/should＋完成式”。‎ ‎②(2015·重庆高考改编)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway________ (not, write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.‎ 解析：wouldn't/couldn't/mightn't/shouldn't have written　此处是含蓄条件虚拟语气句，without为标志词；根据语境可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句的谓语应用would/could/might/should have done结构。‎ ‎3．考查wish后的宾语从句，表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句，as if/as though引导的从句中虚拟语气的用法 ‎ ‎(2015·陕西高考改编)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________ (dance) as well as her.‎ 解析：danced　句意：埃伦是一个非常优秀的舞者。我希望我能跳得像她一样好。wish后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，根据句意可知此处表示对现在情况的虚拟，故从句用一般过去时。‎ ‎1．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的错用 ‎ 示例 ‎(2015·四川高考)If you are me, would you talk to them? 答案：are→were 点拨 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气，应注意表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反时从句谓语动词的形式。‎ ‎2．虚拟语气在名词性从句中的错用 ‎ 示例 ‎(2013·陕西高考改编)My mom suggests that we eating out for a change this weekend.答案：eating→eat 点拨 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”等词后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“(should＋)动词原形”，被动式则为“(should＋) be＋过去分词”。‎ ‎3．虚拟语气在其他句型中的错用 ‎ 示例 ‎(2012·辽宁高考改编)Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he do something instead of just talking. 答案：do→did或do前加should 点拨 It's (high) time (that)后的从句谓语动词用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”，此时should一般不省略。‎ ‎[增分技法]‎ ‎1．用相应的过去时态来表达“愿望”。‎ ‎①我希望他们能够安全回来。‎ I hope they come back safe and sound.‎ ‎②我多么希望我能更聪明一些，更精力充沛一些。‎ How I wish I were more intelligent and more energetic.‎ ‎2．用虚拟条件句提升句子档次。‎ ‎①要是我是你，我肯定会充分利用时间来提高成绩，为未来做好充分准备。‎ If I were you, I would certainly make good use of the time to improve my performance at school and prepare myself well for the future. ‎ ‎②如果当时我身上钱够的话，我就把那本书买下来了。‎ If I had had enough money with me, I would have bought the book.‎ ‎3．学会熟练使用含蓄条件句。‎ ‎①在竞赛中他本可以得金牌，但他却在比赛开始时就摔倒了。‎ He could have won a gold medal, but he fell over immediately the race began. ‎ ‎②如果没有电，生活对于许多人来说将是痛苦的。‎ Without electricity, life would be miserable for many people.‎ ‎4．用“(should)＋动词原形”来表达“想让某人做某事”。‎ ‎①他坚持说他从来没有见过那支钢笔，并坚持要她道歉。‎ He insisted that he had never seen the pen and insisted she make an apology.‎ ‎②医生脸上吃惊的表情表明我母亲的病很严重，医生建议她马上动手术。‎ The surprised look on the doctor's face suggested that my mother's illness was serious and he suggested she be operated on at once. ‎ ‎[巧用增分]‎ ‎①我祝愿你生日快乐。(wish)‎ I_wish_you_a_happy_birthday.‎ ‎②要是我上初中时没把时间浪费在看小说上该多好啊。(if only, waste time in doing, read novels, in junior high school)‎ If_only_I_hadn't_wasted_the_time_in_reading_novels_when_I_was_in_junior_high_school.‎ ‎③要不是因为你懒，你的作业昨天可能就完成了。(if it, for your laziness, assignment)‎ If_it_hadn't_been_for_your_laziness,_you_would_have_finished_your_assignment_yesterday.‎ ‎④要求每个学生在听报告时要记笔记。(request, take notes, while)‎ It_is_requested_that_every_student_take_notes_while_listening_to_the_report.‎ ‎[题点对点练] ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It is a rule that public schools shall provide adequate and safe sports facilities.‎ ‎2．I've ordered pizza from the nearest store across the street in advance, so we_needn't worry about cooking when we get home tired.‎ ‎3．—Tell me your secret.‎ ‎—I won't/can't. It wouldn't be a secret if I told you.‎ ‎4．Don't play with the dog, Jack, for it can_be dangerous at times.‎ ‎5．(2018·瑞安市高三四校联考)If we had_booked (book) a table earlier, we couldn't be standing here in a queue.‎ ‎6．(2018·天津七校联考)I was ill that day, otherwise I would_have_taken (take) part in the sports meet.‎ ‎7．(2018·安徽师大附中统考)Had the weather been more favorable, the crops would_grow (grow) still better now.‎ ‎8．(2018·浙江省五校期中考试)—Jenny took the 8：00 bus to Guangzhou this morning.‎ ‎—Really? She could_have_taken (take) the 9：00 train. It's much more comfortable and safer to travel by train.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last. must→could/might ‎2．(2018·青岛自主诊断)If only I have read the books on reading list before I attended the lecture. have→had ‎3．(2018·太原五中阶段检测)If you listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. listened前加had ‎4．(2018·山西四校模拟)But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey yesterday. have后加had ‎5．(2018·大连高三一模)My suggestion is that we will hold a meeting this evening.will→should或去掉will ‎6．(2018·吉林省实验中学模拟)If I am you, I would take an umbrella. am→were Ⅲ.单句写作 ‎ ‎1．如果你过去学英语方法正确的话，你的英语现在就不会这么糟。(learn English in the right way, so bad)‎ If_you_had_learned_English_in_the_right_way,_it_wouldn't_be_so_bad_now.‎ ‎2．如果计划有变化，我会立即通知你。(should there be, change, the plan, inform, immediately)‎ Should_there_be_any_change_about_the_plan,_I_would_inform_you_immediately.‎ ‎3．要是你再早一点儿来的话，你就不会受到惩罚了。(had you, punish)‎ Had_you_come_earlier,_you_wouldn't_have_been_punished.‎ ‎4．那些工人们要求他们的工资增长百分之二十。(demand, wages, increase)‎ The_workers_demanded_their_wages_be_increased_by_20%.‎ ‎5．我们催促政府马上采取行动。(urge, the government, take measures)‎ We_urge_that_the_government_take_measures_at_once.‎ ‎[题型综合练] ‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎ ‎(2018·广东潮州模拟)Etiquette (礼仪) is to society __1__ clothing is to the individual. Without clothes men would go in shameful nudity which would __2__ (certain) lead to the corruption of morals, and without etiquette society would be in a pitiable state and the necessary __3__ (communicate) between its members would be disturbed by needless offence and troubles.‎ If society moved like a train, the etiquette would be the __4__ (track), along which only the train could go forth; if society __5__ (be) a coach, the etiquette would be the wheels, on which only the coach could roll forward.‎ The lack of etiquette would make __6__ best friends turn to be the most decided enemies and the __7__ (friend) countries declare war against each other. We can find many examples in the history of mankind. Therefore I __8__ (advice) you to stand on ceremony before anyone else and to take pains not __9__ (do) anything against etiquette __10__ case you give offence or make enemies.‎ ‎1．what　句意：礼仪之于社会犹如衣着之于个人。“A is to B what C is to D”为固定句型，意为“A之于B犹如C之于D”。‎ ‎2．certainly　设空处作“lead to”的状语，故用副词形式。‎ ‎3．communication　设空处作主语，前有冠词the，故用名词形式(communication)。‎ ‎4．tracks　根据常识可知，火车要在双轨上行进，故设空处填名词复数形式(tracks)。‎ ‎5．were　本句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句的谓语动词要用过去式，be动词用were。‎ ‎6．the　设空处后为形容词最高级，表示“最好的朋友”。故设空处填定冠词the。‎ ‎7．friendly　设空处后为名词，设空处作定语，故用形容词(friendly)作定语。‎ ‎8．advise　设空处在句中作谓语，故需用谓语动词，这里讲述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎9．to do　take pains to do sth.为固定短语，意为“努力做某事”。‎ ‎10．in　in case为固定短语，意为“以防，以免”。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·自贡模拟)It's a pleasure for me give a short speech here today. Recently I've found that some classmates study too lately into the night. Nor do they spare enough time for a rest during the day. No wonder they often can't fall asleep in class. Also, some classmates seldom have a breakfast. Certainly, which will surely do harm to their healthy. In my opinion, having enough sleep and a proper diet are extremely important. We must learn to make wisely use of our time. Only in this way can we keep fit or study well. Do you agree with me? Thanks to listening.‎ 答案：第一句：give前加to 第二句：lately→late 第四句：can't→can 第五句：去掉a 第六句：which→it; healthy→health 第七句：are→is 第八句：wisely→wise 第九句：or→and 第十一句：to→for