2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题八　文化与艺术（A）

2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题八　文化与艺术（A）

www.ks5u.com 话题八　文化与艺术(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎　‎ A ‎[2019·全国卷Ⅲ卷C]Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $ 8 to $ 10 a year. Today $ 8 or $ 10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.‎ The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper” — a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.‎ This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible (but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny — usually two or three cents was charged — and some of the older wellknown papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.‎ This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures (企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.‎ ‎1．Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?‎ A．Academic. B．Unattractive.‎ C．Inexpensive. D．Confidential.‎ ‎2．What did street sales mean to newspapers?‎ A．They would be priced higher.‎ B．They would disappear from cities.‎ C．They could have more readers.‎ D．They could regain public trust.‎ ‎3．Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?‎ A．Local politicians. B．Common people.‎ C．Young publishers. D．Rich businessmen.‎ ‎4．What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?‎ A．It was a difficult process.‎ B．It was a temporary success.‎ C．It was a robbery of the poor.‎ D．It was a disaster for printers.‎ B ‎[2020·安徽省百所重点中学三模]Along with the progress of reform and opening up, the Chinese film industry has also made remarkable achievements and become in a flourishing(繁荣的) state in economic growth. It has recorded social changes in the past decades through the medium of the film. The film market of China has been much better than that of North America, becoming the largest in the world during the first season of 2019.‎ In the original stage of reform and opening up, old Chinese movies were rescreened and foreign movies dubbed(译制). Audiences' enthusiasm for movies was lighted up by both these practices. In 1979, the attendance of Chinese moviegoers reached a record high of 29.3 billion. However, televisions and other entertainment activities sprang up in the late 1980s and drew many audiences away from movies when the film market faced a danger.‎ The employment of a socialist market economy in China in 1992 brought energy again to the film industry. With the introduction of free competition and reforms, it made an abundant recovery and experienced rapid growth. In the same period, China began to introduce overseas movies into the home market, especially those from Hollywood. Despite the argument that foreign movies occupy the space of homemade ones, Chinese movies with increasingly higher quality have gained a firm foothold in the local market with box offices setting several new records.‎ The development of the Internet has added new energy to the Chinese film industry. In 2015, the powerful Internet companies, one called Tencent and another Alibaba, developed their own film arm and began to adapt popular online stories for movies. With big data, more accurate marketing skills can target specific audiences to satisfy their personal preferences. Yet the development of online cinemas may pose threats to the survival of offline ones. Now the film industry is exploring more advanced film screening technologies to provide audiences with an improved movie experience.‎ ‎5．Which threat did the Chinese film market face in the late 1980s?‎ A．Popularity of televisions.‎ B．Development of online cinemas.‎ C．A slowdown in economic growth.‎ D．Introduction of overseas movies.‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．The space of Chinese movies.‎ B．The Chinese film industry.‎ C．The socialist market economy.‎ D．The introduction of reform and opening up.‎ ‎7．What does the author indicate in the end?‎ A．Online cinemas will replace traditional ones sooner.‎ B．The film screening technology is the key to films' success.‎ C．The Internet is a twoedged sword for the film industry.‎ D．Movies made by Tencent and Alibaba are most successful.‎ ‎8．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．The Everchanging Film Market B．Popular Online Films C．Advanced Film Technologies D．Flourishing Chinese Film Industry Ⅱ.完形填空 For years, couples have dedicated (把……专用于) a single “ring” finger of the left hand to romance when any other finger would do. A case for the left side, the strong side? __1__ according to history.‎ In the Middle Ages, getting caught writing with one's left hand could earn __2__ of being abnormal and in Spain, lefthanded people might even get severe __3__. So why do we __4__ a finger on the left hand to symbolize lasting love?‎ Past __5__ wasn't all bad. The union of marriage and the nowstandard ring placement can be __6__ back to secondcentury Egyptians who falsely believed that “a certain most fragile __7__” began in the fourth finger of the left hand and went directly to the heart. Centuries later, the Romans came to a(n) __8__ conclusion. But they were convinced that a “lover's vein (静脉)” — in __9__ of a nerve — connected this finger with the organ that __10__ blood. During the Roman engagement (订婚) process, a rich man who could __11__ a ring would put it on his bridetobe's fourth finger. The modern world may have __12__ that custom from the Romans.‎ Until the seventeenth century, European couples __13__ wore their rings on the right hand. But in 1549, an English reformer published a book, which instructs couples to abandon a centuriesold __14__ by slipping their ‎ wedding rings over the left hand's fourth finger. Before long, couples throughout the continent __15__.‎ ‎1．A.Maybe B．Indeed C．Sure D．Not ‎2．A.accusations B．debates C．discriminations D．anxieties ‎3．A.blame B．hate C．punishment D．disapproval ‎4．A.justify B．arrange C．reward D．favor ‎5．A.belief B．behavior C．history D．experience ‎6．A.put B．traced C．rooted D．held ‎7．A.organ B．finger C．soul D．nerve ‎8．A.contrary B．accurate C．similar D．mistaken ‎9．A.place B．consequence C．view D．advance ‎10．A.purifies B．produces C．absorbs D．pumps ‎11．A.possess B．afford C．make D．value ‎12．A.promoted B．adopted C．based D．developed ‎13．A.normally B．ridiculously C．politely D．romantically ‎14．A.restriction B．habit C．practice D．feeling ‎15．A.took the lead B．cut a deal C．poured into D．followed suit 话题八　文化与艺术(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：说明文　题材：人与社会　主题：社会进步 ‎【文章大意】　文章介绍了报纸走向街头，走向大众的过程。文章侧重对学生历史和社会文化素养的培养。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。本题题干意为：下面哪个选项对19世纪30年代之前美国报纸状况的描述是最准确的？根据文章第一段的描述可知，当时的报纸很昂贵，只有富人才能买得起。同时，当时的很多报纸对大众没有吸引力。因此B项(没有吸引力的)符合题意。A：学术的；C：便宜的；D：机密的。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。本题题干意为：街头销售对报纸来说意味着什么？根据文章第二段的描述，当报纸开始在街头销售之后，价格很低，容易买到，所以C项(它们会有更多的读者)符合题意。A：它们的定价将会更高；B：它们将从城市消失；D：它们将重获公众的信任。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。本题题干意为：新趋势下报纸的目标群体是哪些人？根据文章第二段和第三段对报纸改革的描述，尤其是第二段的The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper” — a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.可知，新的趋势为报纸大众化。故B项(普通人)符合题意。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们可以如何评价“一分报纸”的诞生？根据文章对“一分报纸”发展历程的描述，尤其是最后一段的This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. (这种面向街头普通人的报纸的新趋势一开始发展得并不好。)可知，A项(这是一个艰难的过程)符合题意。B：这是暂时的成功；C：这是对贫穷者的掠夺；D：这对印刷工人来说是灾难。‎ B 体裁：说明文　题材：文化　主题：电影业 ‎ 【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。随着改革开放的发展，中国电影业也取得了显著的成就，成为经济增长形势下的一道繁荣景象。中国电影业通过电影媒介记录了中国过去几十年的社会变化，并且在不断地发展、创新。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。由第二段中的“However, televisions and other entertainment activities sprang up in the late 1980s and drew many audiences away from movies when the film market faced a danger”可知，中国电影业在20世纪80年代末期因电视和其他娱乐活动的突然兴起而面临威胁，故选项A正确。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：B　考查代词指代。由画线词上文中的“when the film market faced a danger”“The employment of a socialist market economy in China in 1992 brought energy again to the film industry”和下文中的“China began to introduce overseas movies into the home market”“Chinese movies with increasingly higher quality have gained a firm foothold”可推知，画线词指代“the Chinese film industry”。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。综合分析最后一段中的“The development of the Internet has added new energy to the Chinese film industry”和“Yet the development of online cinemas may pose threats to the survival of offline ones”可知，互联网的发展对电影产业的发展有利有弊，故选C项。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：D　考查标题判断。由文章的首句“Along with... the Chinese film industry has also made remarkable achievements and become in a flourishing(繁荣的) state in economic growth”及全文的叙述即可概括文章主旨为中国电影业的繁荣发展，故选项D最适合作文章的标题。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 体裁：说明文　题材：人与社会　主题：戒指戴无名指上的起源 ‎【文章大意】　本文主要介绍了结婚戒指戴在左手无名指上这一做法的起源。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：D　上文提到“多年来，夫妇们都是把象征爱情的戒指戴在左手无名指上，虽然其他任何手指也可以履行这一职责。难道是因为左手是更好的那只手吗？”，根据下文内容可知，此处应表示“历史上可不是这样说的”。故用Not。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：A　在中世纪，被发现用左手写字会面临行为失常的指控(accusations)。debate“辩论，争论”；discrimination“区别，辨别，歧视”；anxiety“忧虑”。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：C　在西班牙，惯用左手的人甚至很可能受到严惩(punishment)。句中的even暗示此处应比前一种情况更严重。blame“责备”；hate“厌恶”；disapproval“不赞成”。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：D　那么我们为什么选择(favor)左手的一根手指来象征永恒的爱呢？justify“证明……有道理”；arrange“安排”；reward“奖赏”。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：A　根据下文的内容可知，此处表示“‎ 过去的看法也不全都是不好的”。故选belief“看法，信念”。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：B　婚姻和现行的戒指佩戴位置的结合可以追溯到2世纪的埃及人身上。trace... back to...“追溯……到……”。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：D　当时埃及人误以为“某个最脆弱的神经”从左手第四根手指开始，一直延伸到心脏。下文中的“in __9__ of a nerve”是提示。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：C　几世纪后，罗马人也得出了相似的(similar)结论，但是罗马人认为把左手无名指和输送血液的器官连接起来的不是神经，而是“爱人的静脉”。contrary“相反的”；accurate“准确的”；mistaken“错误的”。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：A　参见上题解析。in place of“代替”；in consequence of“由于”；in view of“鉴于”；in advance of“在……前，预先”。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：D　此处表示“输送血液的器官”，即上文提到的“the heart”，故用pump表示“用泵(或泵样器官等)输送”。purify“净化”；produce“制造”；absorb“吸收”。‎ ‎11．答案与解析：B　根据前面的“rich”可知，此处应是表示“买得起戒指的富人”，故用afford。‎ ‎12．答案与解析：B　现代社会可能从罗马人那里承袭(adopted)了这种风俗。‎ ‎13．答案与解析：A　一直到17世纪，欧洲夫妇通常(normally)都将戒指戴在右手上。ridiculously“荒谬地”；politely“有礼貌地”；romantically“浪漫地”。‎ ‎14．答案与解析：C　这本书指导夫妇们抛弃这种悠久的做法(practice)，鼓励他们把结婚戒指戴在左手无名指上。‎ ‎15．答案与解析：D　不久，全欧洲的夫妇们都仿效了这种做法。follow suit“仿效”，符合语境。take the lead“起带头作用”；cut a deal“达成协议”；pour into“涌入”。‎