【英语】2021届新高考英语大一轮复习能力提升北师大版：选修8Unit24　Society作业

【英语】2021届新高考英语大一轮复习能力提升北师大版：选修8Unit24　Society作业

Unit 24　Society 能力提升题组训练(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读(2019山东菏泽高三一模)‎ In this Pennsylvania city,Pittsburgh is shrinking but getting wealthier.Since 2000,its population has declined by 95,000 while its income per capita (人均) has shot up 24 percent.The trend is taking hold in many other cities,like Buffalo in New York,Providence in Rhode Island and New Orleans.‎ Some of these areas have created more high-paying jobs in energy,health care or education.Others have managed to reshape their manufacturing (制造业) for a new economy.Higher-paying jobs have a greater effect because they create demand for additional services.“The story in Pittsburgh is very positive,and other areas are looking at it as an example of the transformation that might be possible,” said Guhan Venkatu,who wrote an economic history of the area called “Rust and Renewal” for the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.‎ Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh have helped bring tech jobs and innovation (革新) to the area by sponsoring tech centers that help graduates start companies without moving to Silicon Valley or San Francisco.This has helped keep Pittsburgh’s educated young population growing even as the entire population in the city has dropped.‎ Pittsburgh‎ has more STEM (science,technology,engineering and math) jobs than other shrinking cities,about 80,000 or 7% of all jobs.STEM jobs add productivity and income growth to the area.Manufacturers of high-tech medical equipment in the Pittsburgh area also have doubled employment in the last 10 years.‎ However,some experts question whether growing income per capita can really make up for a declining population.According to Patrick Adler,a researcher at the University of Toronto,population loss does matter if it means lower-skilled workers have fled because of a lack of opportunity.What’s more,high-paying jobs in education and health care can disappear if the population declines too greatly.So it would be wise to find ways to increase the population.‎ ‎1.In what aspect does Pittsburgh set a good example?‎ A.Transforming new energy. B.Creating more well-paid jobs.‎ C.Prohibiting the manufacturing. D.Sponsoring higher education.‎ ‎2.How do some academic institutions help with the local economy?‎ A.By helping to attract more talents from other areas.‎ B.By providing much technical support to local companies.‎ C.By successfully keeping educated youths working locally.‎ D.By assisting in employing a large number of educated youths.‎ ‎3.Why is Patrick Adler mentioned in the last paragraph?‎ A.To show the disadvantage of a declining population. B.To give a ‎ suggestion about increasing population.‎ C.To raise doubts about growing income per capita. D.To tell a reason why lower-skilled workers flee.‎ ‎4.What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A.How Fast Job Growth Is Related to Population Growth B.How Less-crowded Cities Plan Their High-tech Economy C.Why Some Cities are Losing People but Getting Wealthier D.Why Some Cities are Suffering From a Shrinking Population 语篇解读:本文为说明文。在美国有一些城市人口在减少,但经济在发展,这其中是有原因的。文章对此进行了介绍说明。‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎1.B　推理判断题。根据第二段“Some of these areas have created more high-paying jobs in energy,health care or education”和第三、四段可推断,匹兹堡在创造更多的高薪工作方面树立了榜样。故B项正确。‎ ‎2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段“Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh have helped bring tech jobs and innovation (革新) to the area by sponsoring tech centers that help graduates start companies without moving to Silicon Valley or San Francisco.This has helped keep Pittsburgh’s educated young population growing...”可知,一些学术机构通过成功地让受教育的年轻人在当地工作来帮助当地的经济。故C项正确。‎ ‎3.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推断,最后一段提到Patrick ‎ Adler是为了说明人口减少的弊端。故A项正确。‎ ‎4.C　标题判断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段可知,本文主要是在介绍有些城市人口在减少但经济却在发展的原因。故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.七选五(2019江西上饶高三第二次联考)‎ New Year’s Traditions Around the World There are many traditions around the world to celebrate the New Year.Here’s a look at a few of them.‎ Drive off bad luck Many cultures have traditions meant to scare off bad luck.This often involves using fire or loud noises in the form of fireworks! In Scotland,for example,people hold bonfire celebrations.Men from villages walk through the streets swinging giant burning fireballs over their heads.1.　　　. ‎ Food for good luck ‎2.　　　.In the southern part of the United States,people often eat black-eyed peas and pork for good luck in the New Year.In Spain,as the clock strikes midnight,people eat 12 grapes,which represent the 12 months of the year.It guarantees that the year will be filled with good luck. ‎ Clothing traditions Many people like to wear new clothing to start the New Year.In Romania,there is a tradition that involves dressing up in a bear ‎ costume.3.　　　,if this won’t! In Brazil,some people wear colorful underwear on New Year’s Eve.The most popular colors are red and yellow.4.　　　.Yellow is supposed to bring you money. ‎ ‎5.　　　. ‎ Many use the start of New Year as a time to try something new or change something about themselves.The New Year is a perfect time to change yourself for the better.That is why many people have the tradition of making a New Year’s resolution.It is usually about living healthier or having more success in life.‎ These are just a handful of traditions.Tell us about a New Year’s tradition in your culture!‎ A.Learn something new B.I don’t know what will scare off evil spirits C.Make a New Year’s resolution D.Red is supposed to bring you love E.Food plays an important role in people’s life F.And these fireballs are supposed to clean the coming year G.Many cultures have certain diets that are said to bring good luck 答案:1-5　FGBDC Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎ “Four eleven-year-old boys,Wow!”‎ Standing sleepily in the store’s entrance,I　1　this strange sight.My ‎ dad had just dropped me off to shop for Christmas 　2　 but my brother and his friends had a more noble reason for shopping. ‎ ‎“Do you think Caitlin will like this?”one of the boys asked.And my brother,looking rather 　3　,was standing in front of a shelf of socks.” Okay.The pink one would be a good idea,” I 　4　.He picked up one and presented it to me for approval. ‎ They used up all their 　5　some of which they had saved up over the course of the year for Christmas gifts.But,they had all 　6　to spend it on Caitlin. ‎ Just nine days before Christmas,Caitlin’s house had been burned to the ground.By 　7　 Caitlin and her parents had all escaped. 　8　 ,everything in the house was engulfed(吞噬)in flames,including the Christmas presents 　9　 to be wrapped(包装). ‎ The school was 　10　 their books and uniforms,And all the 　‎11　 in Caitlin’s class were taking her shopping for clothes while the boys were shopping for things like scarves and socks. ‎ When we got home,my brother brought everything he had 　12　 for Caitlin to my room to make sure I thought she’d like everything one last time. ‎ ‎“I think she ’ll love everything,” I said,and 　13　 him,even though he tried to push me away.I was so proud of him at that moment.He 　14　 all his savings for a new skateboard 　15　 for a friend who needed a ‎ Christmas present more than he did.He had,through this act of a pure heart,captured the true spirit of Christmas.” ‎ ‎1.A.exchanged B.observed C.repeated D.shared ‎2.A.dreams B.wishes C.gifts D.secrets ‎3.A.ashamed B.confused C.scared D.relieved ‎4.A.warmed B.agreed C.doubted D.advised ‎5.A.energy B.time C.money D.patience ‎6.A.decided B.regretted C.failed D.happened ‎7.A.nature B.hand C.mistake D.chance ‎8.A.Otherwise B.Instead C.However D.Therefore ‎9.A.waiting B.pretending C.turning D.proving ‎10.A.designing B.choosing C.studying D.replacing ‎11.A.friends B.girls C.colleagues D.parents ‎12.A.bowed B.accepted C.purchased D.earned ‎13.A.hugged B.criticized C.teased D.saved ‎14.A.looked up B.turned up C.gave up D.made up ‎15.A.nervously B.fortunately C.angrily D.selflessly 语篇解读:本文为记叙文。作者哥哥的同学凯特琳家中失火,烧毁了一切。作者的哥哥及凯特琳的所有同学都积极帮助了凯特琳。他们用纯净的心灵,诠释了真正的圣诞精神。‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎1.B　exchanged交换;observed观察,注意到;repeated重复;shared分享。根据下文this strange sight可知,作者注意到了这个奇怪的景象。故B项正确。‎ ‎2.C　dreams梦想;wishes愿望;gifts礼物;secrets秘密。根据空前My dad had just dropped me off to shop for Christmas可知,作者的爸爸刚刚送她来买圣诞礼物。故C项正确。‎ ‎3.B　ashamed羞愧的;confused困惑的;scared害怕的;relieved放心的。根据下文“Okay.The pink one would be a good idea,” I 　4　.可知,作者的哥哥在一架子袜子前相当困惑,不知道选哪一个。故B项正确。 ‎ ‎4.D　warmed使……温暖;agreed同意;doubted怀疑;advised建议。作者在给哥哥提建议。故D项正确。‎ ‎5.C　energy精力;time时间;money钱;patience耐心。根据下文some of which they had saved up over the course of the year for Christmas gifts可知,他们花光了所有的钱,其中一些是他们在过去一年里为圣诞礼物积攒下来的。故C项正确。‎ ‎6.A　decided决定;regretted后悔;failed失败;happened碰巧。但是,他们都决定把钱花在凯特琳身上。故A项正确。‎ ‎7.D　nature自然;hand手;mistake错误;chance机会。凯特琳和她的父母碰巧都逃出来了。by chance“偶然;意外地”。故D项正确。‎ ‎8.C　Otherwise否则;Instead相反;However然而;Therefore所以。然而,房子里的一切都被大火吞没了。故C项正确。‎ ‎9.A　waiting等待;pretending假装;turning转向;proving证明。房子里的一切都被大火吞没了,包括等待包装的圣诞礼物。故A项正确。‎ ‎10.D　designing设计;choosing选择;studying学习;replacing更换。学校正在更换他们的课本和校服。故D项正确。‎ ‎11.B　friends朋友;girls女孩;colleagues同事;parents父母。根据下文while the boys were shopping for things like scarves and socks.可知,凯特琳班上所有的女孩都带她去买衣服,而男孩们则去买围巾和袜子。故B项正确。‎ ‎12.C　bowed鞠躬;accepted接受;purchased购买;earned赚取。根据上文while the boys were shopping for things like scarves and socks.可知,哥哥把他为凯特琳买的所有东西都带到我的房间。故C项正确。‎ ‎13.A　hugged拥抱;criticized批评;teased取笑;saved挽救。根据下文even though he tried to push me away可知,作者去拥抱了哥哥。故A项正确。‎ ‎14.C　looked up查阅;turned up出现;gave up放弃;made up弥补。作者的哥哥放弃了所有积蓄买了一个新的滑板。故C项正确。‎ ‎15.D　nervously紧张地;fortunately幸运地;angrily生气地;selflessly无私地。根据上文He　14　all his savings for a new skateboard可知,作者的哥哥为了自己的朋友无私地放弃了自己所有的积蓄。故D项正确。 ‎ 能力提升题组训练(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读 A ‎(2019湖南三湘名校教育联盟高三联考)‎ Postmen are all too used to keeping an eye out for the threat of dogs.But in a seaside town in North Wales,they have been forced to take cover from an unexpected threat seagulls.They have complained that the birds have become so terrifying that deliveries to some streets have been suspended.Yesterday residents of Abergele agreed the seagulls were fearless but said they were angry at losing their daily post.‎ Roberts,who works as a safety adviser,lives where the attacks have taken place.“Last week,we noticed we hadn’t got any mail for what we thought was a week,but it’s hard to tell because you don’t always know if you’re due any mail,”she said.“We put something on Facebook asking if anyone else had not had their post...One of my Facebook friends said a postman had refused to deliver because of the seagulls.”‎ Royal Mail said that deliveries had been interrupted because of the postman experiencing attacks by seagulls as he delivered mail on his round there over the past few weeks,adding that the postman got people’s mail through whenever it was safe.‎ ‎“We know that these kinds of attacks do happen at this time of year across the country as they are nesting,” she said.Royal Mail apologized to the customers affected and promised to continue to monitor the situation every day,but in the meantime some are having to travel to neighbouring ‎ Royal to collect mail from the delivery office there.But he recommends preventing gulls nesting on roofs in advance by putting up nets,and if all else fails,walking with an umbrella up during worst-affected areas.‎ ‎1.What does the underlined word “suspended” most probably mean?‎ A.Increased. B.Paused. C.Printed. D.Decreased.‎ ‎2.The residents of Abergele are not happy because 　　　. ‎ A.the seagulls are so terrifying B.the dogs are so threatening C.they don’t receive their post on time D.the seagulls are stealing their post ‎3.Why did Roberts put something on Facebook?‎ A.To know if anyone else had the same experience. B.To offer advice to deal with the seagulls.‎ C.To avoid being attacked by seagulls. D.To answer questions about safety.‎ ‎4.What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A.Seagulls like to steal residents’ post. B.Postmen’s safety is threatened by seagulls.‎ C.Residents of Abergele are afraid of seagulls. D.Daily post is delayed because of seagulls’ attack.‎ 语篇解读:这是一篇故事类阅读。本文主要讲述了在北威尔士的一个小镇,由于海鸥的袭击,邮递员不得不暂停了邮件的投递。‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎1.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子They have complained that the birds have become so terrifying that deliveries to some streets have been suspended.可知,由于海鸥袭击邮递员,邮件的投递只好暂停,故推知suspend意为“推迟,暂停”。故选B。‎ ‎2.C　细节理解题。根据第一段Yesterday residents of Abergele agreed the seagulls were fearless but said they were angry at losing their daily post.可知,阿贝尔格莱的居民也承认这里的海鸥是什么都不怕,但是让他们感到很生气的是他们没有及时收到每日的邮件,故选C。‎ ‎3.A　细节理解题。根据第二段We put something on Facebook asking if anyone else had not had their post可知因为出现了这种情况,Debbie Roberts才到“脸书”去问其他人是不是也有相同的遭遇,故选A。‎ ‎4.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了在北威尔士的一个小镇,由于海鸥的袭击,邮递员不得不暂停了邮件的投递,D项概括了文章的大意,故选D。‎ B All over the world mothers and fathers teach their children manners.Other children may have manners that are not like yours.There are all kinds of manners.‎ Many years ago,children who had good manners were seen and not heard.They kept quite quiet if grown-ups were talking.Today,well-mannered children have more freedom.‎ Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other ‎ places.Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia.Some friends ask you to eat with them.What kind of manners do they want you to have?They want you to give a loud“burp”(打嗝) after you finish eating.Burping would show that you liked your food.In some countries,if you give a loud burp,you are told to say “Excuse me,please.”‎ In many places people like to eat together.But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating at all.People show good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat.‎ What are manners like in an East African town?The people try not to see you.They are being polite.You may see a friend.He may not see you at all.If you are polite,you will sit down beside him.You will wait until he finishes what he is doing.Then he will talk to you.‎ Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia.You should walk behind the other tents until you come to his tent.If you pass in front of the other tents,you will be asked into each one.People will ask you to eat with them.And it is bad manners if you say no.‎ Manners are different all over the world.But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way.People needed ways to show that they wanted to be friends.‎ ‎5.People turn their backs on others while they eat in 　　　. ‎ A.some parts of Polynesia B.an East African town C.Mongolia D.Arabia ‎6.In an East African town,the people try not to see you.This is because 　　　. ‎ A.they are busy doing things B.they don’t want to talk with you C.it is good manners D.they are waiting for you to talk with them ‎7.The best title of the passage should be 　　　. ‎ A.Different kinds of manners B.What are good manners C.Children’s manners are different D.When you are in Rome,do as the Romans do 语篇解读:本文介绍了各地的不同风俗礼节。‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎5.A　细节理解题。根据第四段我们知道在波利尼西亚群岛,人们进餐时习惯背对着别人,因为他们认为,吃东西时让别人看见是不礼貌的。可知选项A正确。‎ ‎6.C　细节理解题。根据第五段What are manners like in an East African town?The people try not to see you.They are being polite.可知这是礼貌的表现。故答案选C。‎ ‎7.A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知本文介绍了各地的不同风俗礼节。故选项A正确。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空(2019山东烟台高三一模)‎ ‎ Litter is everywhere,doing great harm 1.　　　　 the environment and life on our planet.Jeff Kirschner,who wants to build a litter-free world,started a global community named Litterati 2.　　　　(settle)this ‎ problem. ‎ The story began with his 6-year-old daughter.One day they were going on a hike when the girl noticed a 3.　　　　 (break)plastic tub(浴盆)in a river.She said,“Daddy,that doesn’t go there.”That took Kirschner by surprise.He,like many adults,had become so used to the rubbish around them that he hadn’t given it a second look.4.　　　　 his daughter said reminded him of the serious problem our planet faces. ‎ Jeff started to take 5.　　　　(act).He created Litterati,an app that makes it fun to pick up litter.The idea is 6.　　　　(fair) simple:Spot a piece of trash,take a photo,post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins. ‎ ‎7.　　　　 (see)that Jeff was keeping a record of the positive impact he was having on the planet,people worldwide started participating.Up to now,over 2,500,000 photos posted by 3,500 people from over 40 countries 8.　　　　 (find)their way to Litterati’s digital landfill. ‎ Litterati is more than an app.It is a highly 9.　　　　 (effect)solution to a pressing issue.Wherever you live,whatever you do and 10.　　　　 you are,join Litterati to make the world a cleaner and healthier place to live in. ‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎1.to　考查介词。do harm to对……有害。‎ ‎2.to settle　考查非谓语动词。句意:……为了解决这个问题,他开办了一个名为Litterati的全球社区。此处用不定式表示目的。‎ ‎3.broken　考查词性转换。形容词broken意为“坏了的”,在句中充当定语,修饰plastic tub。‎ ‎4.What　考查名词性从句。句中what引导主语从句并在句中充当动词said的宾语。　 ‎ ‎5.action　考查词性转换。take action采取行动,故填名词形式。‎ ‎6.fairly　考查词性转换。此处修饰形容词simple,故用副词形式。　 ‎ ‎7.Seeing　考查非谓语动词。主句主语people worldwide与动词see构成主动关系,要用现在分词作状语。‎ ‎8.have found　考查动词的时态。根据句中的up to now可知填现在完成时。　 ‎ ‎9.effective　考查词性转换。此处修饰名词solution, 用形容词形式。　 ‎ ‎10.whoever　考查状语从句。 句中whoever引导让步状语从句,与“Wherever you live,whatever you do”构成并列关系。‎ Ⅲ.应用文写作 假如你是李华,‎3月1日在英国某网站购买了一本英文原版小说Pride and Prejudice。收到货后,你发现书封面破损并存在缺页现象,请你就此向网站客服写封电子邮件投诉。‎ 注意:1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已写好,不计入总词数); ‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Sir or Madam,‎ I’m sorry to trouble you but ‎ ‎ .‎ ‎ .‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua One possible version:‎ Dear Sir or Madam,‎ I’m sorry to trouble you but I’m afraid that I have to make a complaint about the novel Pride and Prejudice,which I bought from your online store on March 1st.‎ Much to my disappointment,the novel was so poorly packed that the cover was torn when it reached me.What is worse,some pages are missing,which I think is unacceptable.It’s beyond belief to have received such poor service and I insist that you either replace the novel with a new one or give my money back.I’d appreciate it if you could settle my complaint as soon as possible.‎ Thank you for your consideration.Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua