2021高考英语一轮复习Unit3Computers课时作业 人教版必修2

2021高考英语一轮复习Unit3Computers课时作业 人教版必修2

‎　Unit 3　Computers Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎[2020·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试]Self－driving cars have been backed by the hope that they will save lives by getting involved in fewer crashes with fewer injuries and deaths than human－driven cars. But so far, most comparisons between human drivers and automated vehicles have been unfair.‎ Crash statistics for human－driven cars are gathered from all sorts of driving situations, and on all types of roads. However, most of the data on self－driving cars' safety have been recorded often in good weather and on highways, where the most important tasks are staying in the car's own lane and not getting too close to the vehicle ahead. Automated cars are good at those tasks, but so are humans.‎ It is true that self－driving cars don't get tired, angry, frustrated or drunk. But neither can they yet react to uncertain situations with the same skill or anticipation of an attentive human driver. Nor do they possess the foresight to avoid potential perils. They largely drive from moment to moment, rather than think ahead to possible events literally down the road.‎ To a self－driving car, a bus full of people might appear quite similar to an uninhabited cornfield. Indeed, deciding what action to take in an emergency is difficult for humans, but drivers have sacrificed themselves for the greater good of others. An automated system's limited understanding of the world means it will almost never evaluate (评估) a situation the same way a human would.And machines can't be programmed in advance to handle every imaginable set of events.‎ Some people may argue that the promise of simply reducing the number of injuries and deaths is enough to support driverless cars. But experience from aviation (航空) shows that as new automated systems are introduced, there is often an increase in the rate of disasters.‎ Therefore comparisons between humans and automated vehicles have to be performed carefully. To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety, it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison. After all, choosing to replace humans with automation has more effects than simply a one－for－one exchange.‎ ‎1．What makes the comparison between self－driving cars and human－driven cars - 9 -‎ ‎ unfair?‎ A．Self－driving cars never get tired.‎ B．Statistics are collected differently.‎ C．Machines can make decisions faster.‎ D．Self－driving cars know the world better.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “perils” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?‎ A．Dangers. B．Self－driving cars.‎ C．Pedestrians. D．Human－driven cars.‎ ‎3．In which aspect can self－driving cars beat human－driven cars?‎ A．Driving steadily.‎ B．Climbing steep slopes.‎ C．Evaluating the cost of loss.‎ D．Making complex decisions.‎ ‎4．Why does the author write this text?‎ A．To support human－driven cars.‎ B．To show his doubt about self－driving cars.‎ C．To call for exact evaluation of self－driving cars.‎ D．To stress the importance of reducing car accidents.‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎[2020·贵州适应性考试] The small habits really damage the wallet. So here's how you could be $500 richer or more every month!‎ ‎ ●Make your own coffee ‎ Think about how much you pay for that fancy latte (拿铁咖啡) with special milk each morning. __1__. “When you see these numbers showing the ‘latte effect’ over a lifetime, you may be more inspired to make your own，” says Vera Gibbons, a personal finance expert. You can save $100 to $150 every month.‎ ‎●Bring breakfast and lunch to work ‎ __2__. Therefore, purchasing breakfast and lunch during the week seems like an easy option yet expensive one. Natasha Smith, a personal finance expert, says one certain way to save money is to prepare your meals. “Start by packing a lunch every day instead of eating out to save $30 to $50 a week.” You can save $120 to $200 per month.‎ ‎● __3__ .‎ ‎“Eating in weekly instead of going out can save $20 per person per meal, or - 9 -‎ ‎ more than $250 over a couple of months，”says Len Hayduchok, a financial planner. If you meet up with four friends twice a month, that's about $100 once right there, not including drinks. __4__.‎ ‎●Make your home more energyefficient ‎ Not only will using less gas and electricity save money on your bills, it's good for the environment, too, says Tracy. __5__. Removing devices when they're not in use and turning off lights are very useful. You can save $70 each month.‎ ‎●Grow your own vegetables ‎ Grow yourself your own little garden and save money, while also eating healthier. “The more you grow, the more you save，” says Hayduchok. He recommends planting a small piece of land in your yard or sunny spot in your home.‎ A．Eat more healthily and cheaply B．It starts your day more effectively C．We are all in a rush in the morning D．You can save about $200 each month E．Invite friends over instead of going out F．You can make your own for 20 cents per cup G．There are a few painless ways to cut your bill Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎[2020·济南高三模拟]It was 1972, and I was in second grade. In the classroom the teacher, Ms. Boyette was __1__ aloud to us from Island of the Blue Dolphins. And we had just come to a part of the book where the main __2__ was training a wild dog. I was listening, fascinated by the __3__ of all.‎ Not far away from me, there seated a boy who always frightened or __4__ others, so I was __5__ of this boy. While Ms. Boyette was reading, I looked over at him, for he was someone I was in the __6__ of keeping an eye on. I __7__ that he was listening too，that he was engaged by the __8__， that he was leaning forward in his seat and listening with all his heart, I __9__ at him, openmouthed. I was __10__ that this boy was in fact just __11__ me. He was a kid who liked a story. The boy must __12__ my eyes on him, because he turned. Then something __13__ happened. He smiled at me. __14__， I smiled back, unafraid. We were two __15__ smiling at each other. ‎ Why have I never forgotten this __16__ moment? Why do I still __17__ every detail of it? I think it's because that moment illustrates so beautifully the __18__ ‎ - 9 -‎ ‎ of reading out loud. It shows us into a safe room, where everyone involved, the reader and the listener, can have that chance to __19__ each other. We humans long not just for the story, not just for the flow of language, but for the __20__ that comes when words are read aloud.‎ ‎1．A.shouting B．singing ‎ C．talking D．reading ‎2．A.author B．character ‎ C. reader D．listener ‎3．A.wonder B．silence ‎ C．warmth D．comfort ‎4．A.greeted B．touched C．hurt D．refused ‎5．A.aware B．terrified ‎ C．bored D．guilty ‎6．A.habit B．form ‎ C．effort D．hope ‎7．A.predicted B．imagined C．promised D．noticed ‎8．A.speech B．story ‎ C．journey D．diary ‎9．A.pointed B．nodded ‎ C．stared D．waved ‎10．A.struck B．mixed ‎ C．cheated D．confused ‎11．A.behind B．beyond ‎ C．around D．like ‎12．A.ignore B．feel ‎ C．meet D．observe ‎13．A. useful B．natural ‎ C．serious D．amazing ‎14．A.Then B．Again ‎ C．Instead D．Besides ‎15．A.strangers B．kids ‎ C．teachers D．enemies - 9 -‎ ‎16．A.funny B．busy ‎ C．lucky D．small ‎17．A.seek B．organize C．recall D．trust ‎18．A.power B．courage ‎ C．amusement D．ability ‎19．A.cheer B．see ‎ C．miss D．mention ‎20．A.challenge B．knowledge C．choice D．connection Ⅳ.书面表达 ‎[2020·海南五校一模]假定你是李华，你的美国朋友George对中国文化很感兴趣，你想邀请他来参加你市举行的国际文化交流节，请你根据以下提示给他写一封邀请信。主要内容：‎ ‎1．提出邀请；‎ ‎2．简单介绍活动；‎ ‎3．表达你的期望；‎ 注意：‎ ‎1．词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 课时作业(八)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 体裁：议论文　主题语境：人与社会——热点问题——准确评估自动驾驶汽车 - 9 -‎ ‎【语篇解读】　自动驾驶汽车一直被推崇，人们希望通过这些汽车以减少带来的交通伤亡。但是目前大多数人类司机和自动化汽车之间的比较是不公平的，我们应该综合考虑各种因素，确保收集的数据的可比较性，从而真实、客观地评价自动驾驶汽车。‎ ‎【难句分析】　To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety, it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison.(Para.6)‎ 分析：“To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety”是不定式作目的状语；“it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison”中，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语；being presented作the data的后置定语。 ‎ 译文：为了公平地评估无人驾驶汽车在多大程度上实现了其提高安全性的承诺，确保所提交的数据能够确实提供真实的比较是重要的。‎ ‎1．B　考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句及第二段第一、二句的内容可知，人类驾驶汽车和自动驾驶汽车的碰撞事故的数据收集情况不同，不能公平比较，故选B。‎ ‎2．A　考查词义猜测。根据下文中的“rather than think ahead to possible events literally down the road”并结合画线词所在句可知，自动驾驶汽车没有预见能力来避免潜在的危险；由此可推知，画线词意为“危险”。‎ ‎【技巧点拨】　猜测词义的方法多种多样，考生可以根据上下文的语境进行推测，也可根据定义、标点符号(如破折号、冒号、分号等)进行推测。‎ ‎3．A　考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句“It is true that self－driving cars don't get tired, angry, frustrated or drunk”可推知，在驾驶稳定性方面，自动驾驶汽车胜过人类驾驶汽车，故选A。‎ ‎4．C　考查主旨大意。 根据最后一段中的“To fairly evaluate driverless cars... actually provide a true comparison”并结合文章其他内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们对自动驾驶汽车作出准确的评价。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 体裁：说明文　题材：日常生活　主题：如何在日常生活中省钱 ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，在日常生活中，通过自己动手制作咖啡、自带食物上班、自己栽种蔬菜等方式，可以节省部分开支。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：F　根据空前“Think about how much you pay for that fancy latte (拿铁咖啡) with special milk each morning”可知，每日买一杯拿铁咖啡，可能要花一笔钱，但是我们可以自己制作拿铁咖啡，达到省钱的目的，故选F项。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：C　根据该段小标题“Bring breakfast and lunch to work”以及空后的“Therefore”及语境可知，之所以购买早餐与午餐，是因为早上时间比较紧，没法自己准备，故选C项。‎ - 9 -‎ ‎3．答案与解析：E　根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，空处为本段的小标题。根据该段的内容，尤其是“If you meet up with four friends twice a month”可知，该部分讲述的是可以邀请朋友在家里吃饭，而不是外出就餐，故选E项。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：D　根据该段内容可知，该段主要讲在家吃饭比外出吃饭要省钱；根据本段最后一句中的“twice a month, that's about $100 once right there, not including drinks”可知，D项符合语境。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：G　该空前一句讲的是节能的好处，空后讲的是具体在哪些方面可以节能省钱，故G项承上启下，符合语境。‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 体裁：记叙文　题材：学校生活　主题：阅读的力量 ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过回忆儿时的故事阐明了阅读的力量所在。‎ ‎1．D　根据下文中的“come to a part of the book”和“I was listening”可推知，当时老师在给学生们朗读小说，与下文中的“While Ms. Boyette was reading”呼应。‎ ‎2．B　根据上文可知，老师在给学生们读小说的一个章节，并结合空后的“was training a wild dog”可推知，此处表示小说中的主人公正在训练一只野狗。character“人物，角色”。‎ ‎3．A　根据空前的“fascinated by the”并结合语境可推知，作者被小说中的奇妙之处迷住了。wonder“奇妙之处”。‎ ‎4．C　根据该句中的“frightened or __4__ others”，并结合选项可推知，那个男孩总是吓唬或伤害他人。‎ ‎5．B　根据下文中的“I smiled back, unafraid”，并结合语境可推知，作者害怕这个男孩。‎ ‎6．A　根据下文中的“The boy must __12__ my eyes on him, because he turned”并结合语境可推知，当老师读小说时，作者习惯盯着那个男孩。‎ ‎7．D　根据上文中的“keeping an eye on”可推知，作者当时一直盯着那个男孩，注意到了一些细节，与下文的具体描述呼应。‎ ‎8．B　根据下文中的“He was a kid who liked a story”可知，男孩被老师朗读的故事吸引了。‎ ‎9．C　根据上文中的“keeping an eye on”可推知，作者当时盯着那个男孩看。‎ ‎10．A　根据上文的“openmouthed”并结合语境可推知，作者当时很吃惊，突然意识到了什么。strike“突然想到；猛地意识到”。‎ ‎11．D　根据上文中的“I was listening, fascinated by the __3__ of all”可推知，作者喜欢听故事，根据下文中的“He was a kid who liked a story”可推知，这个男孩也喜欢听故事，作者意识到这个男孩和自己很像。‎ - 9 -‎ ‎12．B　根据空后的“because he turned”可推知，男孩感觉到作者在关注着他，所以转过头来。‎ ‎13．D　根据下文的“He smiled at me”，并结合上文介绍的这个男孩经常吓唬或伤害他人可推知，男孩对作者微笑是一件令人惊奇的事。‎ ‎14．A　根据语境可知，作者给对方以微笑回应，由此可知前后句表示逻辑上的顺承关系。then“然后”。‎ ‎15．B　根据上文中的“I was in second grade”可知，作者和那个男孩当时都还是孩子。‎ ‎16．D　根据上文的描述可知，作者陈述的只是上课时的一个短暂的时刻而已。‎ ‎17．C　根据上文的描述和语境可推知，作者现在是在回忆儿时所发生的事情。recall“回忆起”。‎ ‎18．A　根据语境可推知，此处表示那个时刻美妙地阐释了大声朗读的力量所在。power“力量”；courage“勇气”；amusement“娱乐”；ability“能力”。‎ ‎19．B　根据上文中的“We were two __15__ smiling at each other”可推知，大声朗读让朗读者和听众有机会看到彼此。‎ ‎20．D　根据上文所表述的大声朗读让朗读者和听众有机会看到彼此可推知，大声朗读将朗读者和听众联系了起来。‎ Ⅳ.书面表达 ‎【范文赏读】‎ Dear George，‎ I'm quite happy to learn that you have great interest in Chinese culture. I'm more than delighted to tell you that an international cultural festival is to be held in my city. I wonder if you would like to visit my city and enjoy it with me.‎ ‎ As scheduled, the festival is to be held in the city hall on October 26th, lasting for three days. Participants from all over the world will show their country's cuisine, costumes, arts and crafts. Music and dance of different styles are also included, as well as Chinese painting and calligraphy. I'm sure the festival will promote your understanding of different cultures.‎ I promise you will learn a lot and have a good time.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua - 9 -‎ - 9 -‎