【英语】天津市（天津外大附校等）六校2020届高三上期期末考试联考试题（解析版）

【英语】天津市（天津外大附校等）六校2020届高三上期期末考试联考试题（解析版）

天津市（天津外大附校等）六校2020届高三上期 期末考试联考英语试题 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节, 满分45分）‎ 第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）‎ ‎1.—No words are strong enough to express our heartfelt thanks for your assistance.‎ ‎—________.‎ A. Take it easy B. With pleasure C. It’s my pleasure D. Never mind ‎2.—How disgusting the weather is! It________for nearly a week.‎ ‎—I don’t like rainy days either. However, the rainy season usually lasts about a month here.‎ A. had rained B. will be raining C. has been raining D. was raining ‎3.The team didn’t deserve________the game but Lady Luck was on their side.‎ A. winning B. won C. to win D. having won ‎4.Summer is already approaching, but the garden’s construction is________completion.‎ A. apart from B. regardless of C. on account of D. far from ‎5.I told Danny it was a bad idea, but he’s so________that he just never listens.‎ A. stubborn B. dynamic C. desperate D. considerate ‎6.—I’m sorry. I________to your birthday party if……‎ ‎—Forget it. I know you were in Shanghai on business then.‎ A. had come B. would have come C. needn’t have come D. came ‎7.________upon his years of experience in the business, ZhangYong, Alibaba’s newly appointed CEO, came up with a novel idea for increasing sales.‎ A. To draw B. Being drawn C. Drawing D. Drawn ‎8.You shouldn’t have been so rude to Dennis, ________you should apologize to him, I suppose.‎ A. which B. for which C. whom D. for whom ‎9.Devotion is a kind of quality, ________you should have if you want to get along well with your friends.‎ A. that B. it C. one D. what ‎10.Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by ‎ constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price.‎ A. reputation B. campaign C. appetite D. occupation ‎11.-We are climbing Mount Tai this weekend.‎ ‎-Wonderful! Take an umbrella with you________it rains.‎ A. as if B. so that C. in case D. even if ‎12.—However busy Mary is, she will________some time for exercise every day.‎ ‎—No wonder she is always so energetic.‎ A. set aside B. put away C. work out D. pick up ‎13.We were wild with joy when word came________our school team had won first place in the debate contest.‎ A. whether B. how C. that D. why ‎14.Peter searched all the places where he________have left her iPad but it was all in vain.‎ A. might B. would C. must D. should ‎15.Not until then________that nobody was happier than I was.‎ A. I had realized B. had I realized C. did I realize D. I realized 第二节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ My wife and I moved into our home two years ago. We had a yard with a lot of ___16___Very often when we have flowers, Denise or I would plant some between the rocks, just to add some___17___to the area.‎ Last summer, I found a tiny little___18___in the yard that I could not immediately identify. I knew I didn’t plant it and Denise said she didn’t either. We decided to let it___19___growing until we could find out what it was.‎ Weeks passed and as I made my way back to the___20___plant, it appeared to be a sunflower. I decided to___21___the weeds around it. As I pulled rocks from the area to get to the weeds, I noticed something___22___The sunflower had not___23___where I saw it begin. It actually had begun under a big___24___and grown under and around it to reach the____25____.‎ That’s when I____26____that if a tiny little sunflower didn’t let a big rock stand in its____27____of developing, we too have the ability of doing the same thing. If ‎ we____28____ourselves like that little sunflower, we can reach where we____29____to go and get what we need for growth.‎ We need to believe in ourselves knowing we have the____30____to achieve our goals. Like the____31____, it knew it had the ability to get over the rocks because it had____32____in itself that it would succeed. Stand tall like the sunflower and be____33____of who and what we are, then the environment will begin to____34____us. We will find a way to go under or____35____any “rocks” in order to reach our goals.‎ ‎16. A. flowers B. rocks C. insects D. vegetables ‎17. A. shape B. water C. fertilizer D. colour ‎18. A. weed B. seed C. plant D. rock ‎19. A. continue B. stop C. improve D. escape ‎20. A. weak B. strange C. lonely D. pretty ‎21. A. collect B. tend C. watch D. remove ‎22. A. wonderful B. terrible C. unusual D. valuable ‎23. A. started B. passed C. left D. died ‎24. A. tree B. rock C. table D. wall ‎25. A. air B. sun C. top D. house ‎26. A. hoped B. doubted C. regretted D. realized ‎27. A. way B. place C. course D. process ‎28. A. fill in B. put in C. believe in D. worry about ‎29. A. forget B. aim C. hate D. wait ‎30. A. idea B. wish C. plan D. ability ‎31. A. sunflower B. yard C. home D. summer ‎32. A. energy B. virtue C. faith D. courage ‎33. A. aware B. proud C. afraid D. tired ‎34. A. forgive B. affect C. upset D. support ‎35. A. around B. into C. through D. From 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）‎ A Castel dell’ Ovo is one of Naples’ most famous monuments. It offers sweeping views over ‎ the city and Mount Vesuvius in the distance.‎ The Basics The site on which Castel dell’ Ovo now stands has a long history, beginning as a settlement for Greek colonists(殖民地定居者). The current castle was built in the 15th century, and today, the 19th-century fishing village of Borgo Marinari, known for its excellent seafood restaurants and marina(游艇停靠区), sits at the base of the castle.‎ The Egg Castle The origin of the castle’s name comes from a story about the Roman poet Virgil, who is said to have placed a magical egg in the foundations beneath where the castle now stands. As long as the egg stays well, Castel dell’ Ovo will remain standing.‎ Things to Know Before you Go ‎·Castel dell’ Ovo is a must-see for history and architecture enthusiasts.‎ ‎·Admission to the castle and the museum is free.‎ ‎·The inner halls of the castle are open to the public only during special events and exhibitions; the ramparts (城墙) and towers are always open.‎ ‎·There is a lift from the ground floor to the ramparts, making the castle accessible to wheelchairs.‎ How to Get There Castel dell’ Ovo is located in the Bay of Naples just off the coastal road. Bus 151 from the train station and 140 from the port stop at Castel dell’ Ovo.‎ When to Get there The castle is open Monday through Saturday from 8:30 am to 7 pm, and Sundays and holidays from 8:30 am to 1:30 pm. The Prehistoric Museum is open only on weekends from 10 am to 1 pm. As Naples is one of Italy’s most visited cities, its sights can be very crowded in the high-season summer months. Visit in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the crowds and to take advantage of the best light for taking photos from the castle’s towers.‎ Book Online or Call +1(702)648-5873‎ ‎36. Whose settlement did the site of Castel dell’ Ovo belong to?‎ A. British colonists’.‎ B. French colonists’.‎ C. Greek colonists’.‎ D. German colonists’.‎ ‎37. Which of the following correctly describes Castel dell’ Ovo?‎ A. It lies next to Mount Vesuvius.‎ B. It’s also named the Egg castle.‎ C. It was originally built in the 19th century.‎ D. It’s well-known for its seafood and marina.‎ ‎38. Who are most probably interested in visiting Castel dell’ Ovo?‎ A. History lovers.‎ B. Sports lovers.‎ C. Literature lovers.‎ D. Astronomy lovers.‎ ‎39. What should you know before you tour Castel dell’ Ovo?‎ A. The tickets have to be booked in advance.‎ B. Those with leg problems can not tour the ramparts.‎ C. It’s easily accessible by bus from the train station.‎ D The towers can be visited only during special events.‎ ‎40. When should you go to the Prehistoric Museum?‎ A. On Sundays from 8:30 to 13:30.‎ B. On holidays from9:00 to 13:30.‎ C. On weekdays from 8:30 to 19:00.‎ D. On weekends from 10:00 to 13:00.‎ B In the kitchen of my mother’s houses there has always been a wooden stand（木架）with a small notepad（记事本）and a hole for a pencil.‎ I’m looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. Surely it can’t be the same pencil? The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely the original one.‎ ‎“I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these ‎ year.” I say to her, walking bank into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. “You still use a pencil. Can’t you afford a pen?”‎ My mother replies a little sharply. “It works perfectly well. I’ve always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in these days.”‎ Immediately I can picture her, hair wild, blue housecoat covered in flour, a wooden spoon in one hand, the pencil in the other, her mouth moving silently. My mother smiles and says, “One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline, and I had a brilliant thought, but the stand was empty. One of the children must have taken the paper. So I just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back. It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on.”‎ This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough child-free time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible（看不到的）exhibits at every meal.‎ ‎41. Why has the author’s mother always kept the notepad and pencil in the kitchen?‎ A. To leave messages. B. To list her everyday tasks.‎ C. To note down maths problems. D. To write down a flash of inspiration.‎ ‎42. What is the author’s original opinion about the wooden stand?‎ A. It has great value for the family.‎ B. It needs to be replaced by a better one.‎ C. It brings her back to her lonely childhood.‎ D. It should be passed on to the next generation.‎ ‎43. The author feels embarrassed for_______.‎ A. blaming her mother wrongly.‎ B. giving her mother a lot of trouble.‎ C. not making good use of time as her mother did.‎ D. not making any breakthrough in her field.‎ ‎44. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A .The mother is successful in her career.‎ A. The family members like traveling.‎ B. The author had little time to play when young.‎ C. The marks on the breadboard have disappeared.‎ ‎45. In thauthor’s mind, her mother is_________.‎ A. strange in behavior. B. keen on her research.‎ C. fond of collecting old things. D. careless about her appearance.‎ C The term “graffiti” is an Italian word meaning scratching or scribbling(乱涂). It entered the English language in the 1850s, specifically to describe the casual wall writing that experts found in Pompeii and the Roman tombs. Originally a term used only in ancient scribbling, the word has undergone considerable expansion of meaning in the past 75 years so that it now refers to any written message on a wall. Graffiti are characterized by their casualness; if they were more formal, they would be known as inscriptions(铭文).‎ The first piece of graffiti was found on one of the walls of the city Pompeii, which was destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. It was one of 1,600 pieces of graffiti uncovered in Pompeii during a dig in the 19th century. Not surprisingly, there is much evidence of graffiti writing on the pyramid and temples of ancient Egypt. It is likely that ever since people have had walls and materials to scratch or paint with, they have been engaged in this simplest form of communication.‎ The writing of graffiti gives people a unique opportunity to achieve some kind of public audience. Thus short poems, declarations of love, pieces of political and revolutionary polemic(论战), and criticisms of institutions and people form a significant part of graffiti.‎ Apart from its usefulness in terms of self-expression, graffiti is also a valuable source for historians. There is always the possibility that historical events may be recorded by the presence of graffiti. Perhaps the most interesting example of this is the graffiti relating to the gladiatorial(角斗士) contests held in Pompeii. Graffiti can also give us a unique view into the daily life and customs of a people, for its casual expression encourages the recording of details that more formal writing would tend to ignore.‎ In the late 1970s, graffiti became popular. A thought written on a toilet wall in Wolverhampton can now be read in Chicago or Adelaide. In its own way, this is probably the most fascinating example of McLuhan’s concept of “the global village”. We now have a worldwide toilet wall.‎ ‎46. According to the first paragraph, graffiti________.‎ A. is another name for “inscription”‎ B. got its name from the English language C. was born in the 1850s D. Mainly refers to casual writing or pictures on walls ‎47. What can be inferred from the second paragraph?‎ A. Graffiti has a long history.‎ B. Graffiti is an attractive form of art.‎ C. Graffiti made the ancient city Pompeii famous.‎ D. Graffiti was ancient Egyptian’s main way of communication.‎ ‎48. What does the third and fourth paragraphs mainly tell us?‎ A. Graffiti’s great value.‎ B. Graffiti’s features.‎ C. Graffiti’s way of expression.‎ D. Graffiti’s connection with people’s daily life.‎ ‎49. The graffiti relating to the gladiatorial contests is mentioned in the passage to prove that ______.‎ A. graffiti can show people’s customs B. graffiti can provide valuable historical evidence C. graffiti was mainly used to record important events D. graffiti can provide more detailed information than formal writing ‎50. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph implies that ______.‎ A. the presence of graffiti makes the world closely connected B. the concept of “the global village” is famous worldwide C. graffiti has become very popular all over the world D. people like using toilet walls to share their graffiti D From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.‎ The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created：the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.‎ You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem. Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are the perennial(长期的) victims and martyrs. They are leaves tossed(摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.‎ You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible.‎ Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.‎ If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturing the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks.‎ In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.‎ ‎51. People with low self-esteem are compared to leaves because they______________.‎ A. are ready to change their minds.‎ B. are easily affected by windy weather.‎ C. don’t have the power to face their fate.‎ D. can’t exercise control over themselves.‎ ‎52. Losers would think that .‎ A. success is the result of hard work.‎ B. working hard will lead to success.‎ C. their failure is only because of bad luck.‎ D. they don’t make efforts to succeed.‎ ‎53. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that .‎ A. whether we will succeed depends on our attitudes.‎ B. developing confidence is the key to future success.‎ C. thoughts and beliefs are the result of creative mind.‎ D. setting our expectations is essential before taking action.‎ ‎54. The last paragraph serves as .‎ A. the proof of the author’s points. B. the conclusion of the argument.‎ C. an introduction to another topic. D. a comparison between two views.‎ ‎55. Which is the best title for the text?‎ A. Success is a choice. B. The secrets of success.‎ C Develop our confidence. D. How to achieve success.‎ 第三部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节：阅读表达(满分10分)‎ 阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。‎ Why would human beings waste a third of their lives sleeping when they could be doing more important things like looking after their families or working? Some scientists believe sleeping helps recharge the body, while others think it is important for strengthening newly-formed memories. Now, there is new evidence which suggests that the purpose of sleep may be to forget some of the millions of new things we learn each day.‎ The neurons in the human brain consist of fibers called dendrites(树突). These grow as we learn new things and connect the brain’s cells to each other at contact points called synapses(突触). The larger the dendrites become and the more cells they connect, the more information we store.‎ In 2018, Giulio Tononi and Chiara Cirelli, both biologists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, suggested a new idea: The things our brains learn each day result in so many ‎ synapses that things start to get a little messy. Sleeping allows us to sort through(整理) the “noise” and dispense all the unnecessary information, leaving behind only the most important memories.‎ Recently, the university’s research has provided direct evidence to support the theory. The experiment involved analyzing 6,920 synapses in the brain shavings from two groups of mice over a four-year period; one group had been allowed to sleep, while the other had been kept awake and entertained with toys. The researchers discovered that the brain shavings of the sleeping mice had nearly 20 percent fewer synapses than those that had been kept awake and entertained.‎ It was also evident during the study that the brain does not shave every synapse. 20% of neurons remained unchanged; these were most likely well-established memories. Therefore, although we may be sleeping to forget some of what we’ve learned, the brain “forgets”in a smart way.‎ Most researchers believe clearing our brains is not the only purpose of sleep. Resting our minds and bodies has also been found to help with other biological functions like strengthening our immunity. Though scientists may never agree on a single reason, they are all sure of one thing－a good night’s rest is essential for our health. So try and spend at least a third of your day sleeping!‎ ‎56. What’s the new discovery about the purpose of sleeping according to the text?(no more than 15 words)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎57. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?(no more than 10 words)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎58. What does the underlined word “dispense” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?(no more than 5 words)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎59. What agreement do all the scientists probably reach about sleeping according to the text? (no more than 10 words)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎60. What kind of sleeping habit do you have? Please explain.(no more than 25 words)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎61.假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部将就 “How to keep healthy” 这一话题进行讨论。请你用英语写一篇发言稿，谈谈健康的重要性，并从饮食、运动、睡眠等方面就应该如何保持健康给出自己的建议。‎ 注意：（1）词数不少于100；‎ ‎（2）发言稿的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数；‎ ‎（3）可适当补充细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。‎ Good morning, everyone!‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ That’s all. Thank you!‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节, 满分45分）‎ 第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）‎ ‎1. 【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查情境交际用语。句意：——对你的帮助，我无法用言语来表达我们衷心的感谢。——别客气。A. Take it easy别着急；B. With pleasure我很乐意；C. It’s my pleasure不客气；D. Never mind没有关系。结合句意故选C。‎ ‎2. 【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——多讨厌的天气啊！雨已经下了将近一个星期了。——我也不喜欢雨天。然而，这里的雨季通常持续一个月左右。根据后文for nearly a week可知表示过去发生的动作持续不间断地发生应用现在完成进行时，主语为it，故助动词用has。故选C。‎ ‎3. 【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这个队不配赢得这场比赛，但幸运女神站在他们一边。根据固定短语deserve to do sth.“配得上，值得……”，故选C。‎ ‎4. 【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：夏天已经来临，但是花园的建设还远远没有完成。A. apart from除……之外；B. regardless of不管，不顾；C. on account of由于，因为；D. far from远非。由but可知，前后语意转折，故far from“远非”符合句意。故选D。‎ ‎5. 【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我告诉丹尼这是个坏主意，但他太固执了，根本不听。A. stubborn固执的；B. dynamic动态的；C. desperate令人绝望的；D. considerate体贴的。由“he just never listens”可知，丹尼很固执。故选A。‎ ‎6. 【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】查虚拟语气。句意：——我很抱歉。如果……，我就来参加你的生日聚会了。——不必在意。我知道你那时在上海出差。考此处表示对过去事实相反的假设， if后面省了过去完成时，补充完整应该是 if I had not been out on business，故主句中应该用 should/would/could/might have done结构，故选B。‎ ‎7. 【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：阿里巴巴新任CEO张勇凭借多年的商业经验，想出了一个增加销售额的新点子。分析句子结构可知draw在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语ZhangYong构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故选C。‎ ‎8. 【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你不应该对丹尼斯那么粗鲁，我想你应该为此向他道歉。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰上文整个句子，且根据短语apologize to sb. for sth.“因为……给……道歉”，介词为for，指事情用which。故选B。‎ ‎9. 【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查代词。句意：奉献是一种品质，如果你想和你的朋友相处得好，你应该拥有这种品质。根据上下文可知这里指代上文的a kind of quality，用one“泛指”作a kind of quality的同位语，it是同类同物，that特指上文的可数名词单数或不可数名词，what引导从句。故选C。‎ ‎10. 【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：老干妈是中国最好的辣椒酱。该公司通过不断以较低的价格提供高质量的产品而建立了自己的声誉。A. reputation名誉；B. campaign运动；C. appetite胃口；D. occupation职业，占有。由“by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price”可知，reputation“名誉”符合句意。故选A。‎ ‎11. 【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查状语从句。句意：——这个周末我们要去爬泰山。——‎ 太棒了！带上雨伞，以防下雨。A. as if好像；B. so that以便，所以；C. in case以防，假使；D. even if即使，虽然。本句为条件状语从句，表示“以防”，故选C。‎ ‎12. 【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——不管玛丽有多忙，她都会留出一些时间每天锻炼。——难怪她总是那么精力充沛。A. set aside留出；B. put away抛弃；C. work out解决，算出；D. pick up捡起。由“No wonder she is always so energetic.”可知，她总是那么精力充沛是因为管玛丽有多忙，她都会留出一些时间每天锻炼。故选A。‎ ‎13. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查连接词。句意：当我们的校队在辩论赛中获得第一名的消息传来时，我们欣喜若狂。本句为同位语从句修饰word，且从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that。故选C。‎ ‎14. 【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：彼得找遍了所有他可能放她的iPad的地方，但都没有找到。A. might可能；B. would将会；C. must必须，一定；D. should应该。might have done表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。故选A。‎ ‎15. 【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查倒装句。句意：直到那时我才意识到没有人比我更幸福。not为表示否定意义的副词、介词短语和连词放在句首时要部分倒装。且根据下文was可知为一般过去时，故应添加主动did，并置于主语之前。故选C。‎ ‎ 第二节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ ‎16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自己院子里顽强生长的向日葵悟出一个道理：如果我们相信自己，我们可以克服一切困难。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们有一个院子，院子里有很多石头。A. flowers花；B. rocks石头；C. insects昆虫；D. vegetables蔬菜。由 Denise or I would plant some between the rocks,可知，Denise和作者想在石头缝中种一些花。所以院子里有很多石头。故选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：丹尼斯和我经常会在石头之间种上一些花，只是为了给这个地方增添一些色彩。A. shape形状；B. water水；C. fertilizer化肥；D. colour颜色。由生活常识种一些花朵会给院子增添一些色彩。故选D。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年夏天，我在院子里发现了一株我不能马上认出来的小植物。A. weed野草；B. seed种子；C. plant植物，工厂；D. rock岩石。后文提到it appeared to be a sunflower可知，那是一株向日葵，所以发现了一株不能马上认出来的小植物。故选C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们决定让它继续生长，直到我们发现它是什么。A. continue继续；B. stop停止；C. improve提高；D. escape逃离。由后文until we could find out what it was 可知，作者想让它继续生长。故选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个星期过去了，当我再次回到那棵奇怪的植物时，它看起来像一棵向日葵。A. weak 弱的；B. strange奇怪的；C. lonely 孤独的；D. pretty漂亮的。到目前为止作者还不知道它究竟是一种什么植物，所以这是一棵奇怪的植物。故选B。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定清除它周围的杂草。A. collect 收集；B. tend 趋向，照顾；C. watch观看；D. remove移除；由下文的As I pulled rocks from the area to get to the weeds可知, 作者要除草。故选D。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我注意到一些不寻常的事情。A. wonderful精彩的；B. terrible 糟糕的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. valuable有价值的 。由下文可知，向日葵并没有生长在作者最开始发现它的位置，这件事是不寻常的。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：向日葵并没有生长在我最开始发现它的位置。A. started 开始；B. passed 过，递给；C. left 留下；D. died死亡。由It actually had begun under a big rock and grown under and around it to reach the sun可知，它实际上是从一块大石头下面开始生长的，然后在石头下面和周围生长，朝着太阳生长。所以向日葵并没有生长在作者最开始发现它的位置。故选A。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它实际上是从一块大石头下面开始生长的，然后在石头下面和周围生长，朝着太阳生长的。A. tree树；B. rock石头；C. table 桌子；D. wall墙。文章前面提到院子里有很多石头，另外作者要为它除草的时候搬走了石头可知，它应该是长在石头下面的。故选B。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它实际上是从一块大石头下面开始生长，然后在石头下面和周围生长的，朝着太阳生长的。A. air空气；B. sun 阳光；C. top 顶部；D. house房子。由常识可知，向日葵是朝着太阳生长的。故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我意识到，如果一株小小的向日葵不让一块大石头挡住它成长的道路，我们也有能力做同样的事情。A. hoped 希望；B. doubted怀疑；C. regretted后悔；D. realized意识到，了解。由if a tiny little sunflower didn’t let a big rock stand in its way of developing, we too have the ability of doing the same thing可知，如果一株小小的向日葵不让一块大石头挡住它成长的道路，我们也有能力做同样的事情，这是作者意识到的事情。故选D。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我意识到，如果一株小小的向日葵不让一块大石头挡住它成长的道路，我们也有能力做同样的事情。A. way方法；B. place 地方；C. course 课程，一道菜；D. process过程，步骤。由前文可知，向日葵并没有让一块大石头挡住它成长的道路。stand in one’s way 表示挡道，阻碍。故选A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果我们像那棵小向日葵一样相信自己，我们就能达到我们的目标。A. fill in 填写；B. put in 放入；C. believe in信任；D. worry about担心。由下文We need to believe in ourselves可知，我们要像那棵小向日葵一样相信自己。故选C。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们像那棵小向日葵一样相信自己，我们就能达到我们的目标，得到我们成长所需要的东西。A. forget 忘记；B. aim瞄准；C. hate讨厌；D. wait等待。最后一段作者提到achieve our goals ,所以此空应填aim。故选B。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们需要相信自己，同时也要知道我们有能力实现我们的目标。A. idea 主意；B. wish愿望；C. plan计划；D. ability能力。have the ability to do sth表示有能力做某事。由下文“it knew it had the ability to get over the rocks…”可知，空处填ability。故选D。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像向日葵一样，它知道自己有能力克服石头的阻碍，因为它相信自己会成功。A. sunflower 向日葵；B. yard 庭院；C. home家；D. summer夏天。就像这株向日葵一样，与前文sunflower相呼应。故选A。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像向日葵一样，它知道自己有能力克服石头的阻碍，因为它相信自己会成功。A. energy能量；B. virtue美德；C. faith 信念；D. courage鼓励。与前文提到的believe in 相呼应，向日葵相信自己会成功。故选C。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像向日葵一样昂首挺胸，为自己感到骄傲，周围的环境和事物也会开始支持我们。A. aware 意识到的；B. proud 自豪的；C. afraid害怕的；D. tired疲惫的。像向日葵一样昂首挺胸，要自己感到自豪。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：像向日葵一样昂首挺胸，为自己感到骄傲，周围的环境和事物也会开始支持我们。A. forgive原谅；B. affect影响；C. upset使…心烦；D. support支持。由Stand tall like the sunflower可知，像向日葵一样昂首挺胸，周围的环境和事物也会开始支持我们。故选D。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查介词词义辨析。句意：为了达到我们的目标，我们会找到一个方法钻过或绕过任何“石头”。A. around周围；B. into里面；C. through穿过，通过；D. From从，来自。由前文grown under and around it to reach the sun，可知，我们会找到一个方法钻过或绕过任何“石头”。故选A。‎ 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）‎ ‎【答案】36. C 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了dell'Ovo城堡的基本信息，名字的由来以及参观游览前需要知道的一些信息。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据The Basics部分中The site on which Castel dell’ Ovo now stands has a long history, beginning as a settlement for Greek colonists.（Castel dell’ Ovo现在所在的地方历史悠久，最初是希腊殖民者的定居点）可知卡斯特戴尔蛋遗址属于希腊殖民者的殖民地。故选C。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据The Egg Castle部分中The origin of the castle’s name comes from a story about the Roman poet Virgil, who is said to have placed a magical egg in the foundations beneath where the castle now stands.（这座城堡的名字来源于罗马诗人维吉尔的一个故事，据说维吉尔在城堡的地基下放置了一个魔法蛋）可知Castel dell’ Ovo 也叫鸡蛋城堡。故选B。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Things to Know Before you Go部分中·Castel dell’ Ovo is a must-see for history and architecture enthusiasts.（Castel dell’ Ovo是历史和建筑爱好者必看的景点。）可知历史爱好者最有兴趣参观Castel dell’ Ovo。故选A。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据How to Get There部分中Castel dell’ Ovo is located in the Bay of Naples just off the coastal road. Bus 151 from the train station and 140 from the port stop at Castel dell’ Ovo.（Castel dell 'Ovo坐落在那不勒斯海湾，离海岸不远。从火车站开出的151路公共汽车和从港口开出的140路公共汽车在Castel dell’ Ovo停靠）可知在你参观Castel dell’ Ovo之前，你应该了解从火车站乘公共汽车去那里很方便。故选C。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据When to Get there部分中The Prehistoric Museum is open only on weekends from 10 am to 1 pm.（史前博物馆只在周末上午10点到下午1点开放）可知你应该在周末10点到13点去史前博物馆。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。如第三小题属于一一对应型，根据Things to Know Before you Go部分中·Castel dell’ Ovo is a must-see for history and architecture enthusiasts.（Castel dell’ Ovo是历史和建筑爱好者必看的景点。）可知历史爱好者最有兴趣参观Castel dell’ Ovo。故选A。‎ ‎【答案】41. D 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。作者妈妈的厨房里总是放着一个记事本架子和一支铅笔。我很不解为什么她到现在还保持用铅笔的习惯。母亲向作者讲述了保持用铅笔的习惯原因。作者后悔没能像母亲那样利用自己的时间。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第三段I never knew when I might want to note down an idea可知，母亲不知道什么时候就会该记下自己的一个想法。所以为什么作者的母亲总是把记事本和铅笔放在厨房里是因为它们是母亲用来记录下自己突然的灵感的工具。故选D。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段I'm just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years可知，作者只是很惊讶，这么多年过去了，母亲还用着记事本和铅笔。所以判断出，作者对母亲一直用很早以前的工具不解，认为她早就应该换更好的了。故选B。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough child-free time to work可知，这个故事——发生在作者出生之前——让作者想起了自己的母亲是一个多么非凡的有天赋的数学家。作者感到很尴尬，因为作者抱怨没有足够的时间工作。所以判断出作者后悔没能像母亲那样利用自己的时间。故选C。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician可知，母亲是一个有天赋的数学家。所以从最后一段推断出出这位母亲事业有成。故选A ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline, and I had a brilliant thought, but the stand was empty. So I just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back. It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on.”可知，有一天母亲一边做饭一遍看小波林，母亲有一个很棒的想法，但是没有任何地方可以记录。所以母亲拿起面板，把它的想法写在了背面。事实证明，这是解决母亲正在研究的数学问题的真正突破。所以判断出作者的母亲很热衷于自己的研究。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】46. D 47. A 48. A 49. B 50. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“scribbling（涂鸦）”一词的来源，以及涂鸦的历史和价值，涂鸦已在世界各地变得流行。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中It entered the English language in the 1850s, specifically to describe the casual wall writing that experts found in Pompeii and the Roman tombs.Graffiti are characterized by their casualness（它在19世纪50年代进入英语，专门用来描述专家在庞贝和罗马坟墓中发现的随意性的壁画。涂鸦的特点是随意性）可知涂鸦主要是指随意的文字或墙上的图画。故选D。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句The first piece of graffiti was found on one of the walls of the city Pompeii, which was destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.（第一块涂鸦是在庞贝古城的一面墙上发现的，庞贝古城在公元79年的维苏威火山爆发中被摧毁）可推知涂鸦有很长的历史。故选A。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句The writing of graffiti gives people a unique opportunity to achieve some kind of public audience.‎ ‎（涂鸦的书写给了人们一个独特的机会去获得某种公共受众）以及第四段第一句Apart from its usefulness in terms of self-expression, graffiti is also a valuable source for historians.（除了它在自我表达方面的用途，涂鸦对历史学家来说也是一个有价值的来源）结合三、四段主要告诉我们涂鸦的巨大价值，故选A。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段中There is always the possibility that historical events may be recorded by the presence of graffiti. Perhaps the most interesting example of this is the graffiti relating to the gladiatorial contests held in Pompeii.（历史事件总是有可能被涂鸦的存在所记录。也许最有趣的例子是关于庞贝角斗士比赛的涂鸦）可知与角斗相关的涂鸦在文章中被提及，是为了证明涂鸦可以提供有价值的历史证据。故选B。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中In its own way, this is probably the most fascinating example of McLuhan’s concept of “the global village.We now have a worldwide toilet wall.”.（这可能是麦克卢汉“地球村”概念中最引人入胜的例子.我们现在有一个全球性的厕所墙）可知最后一段加下划线的句子暗示涂鸦已在世界各地变得非常流行。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】隐含意义推理判断题。这类题的题干中常含有：infer，suggest，imply，conclude，intend，purpose，be likely to等标志性词语。解决这类问题时要理解文章潜在的含义和作者所给的提示。同时，要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作出合理的猜测和推断。如第二小题，根据第二段第一句The first piece of graffiti was found on one of the walls of the city Pompeii, which was destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.（第一块涂鸦是在庞贝古城的一面墙上发现的，庞贝古城在公元79年的维苏威火山爆发中被摧毁）可推知涂鸦有很长的历史。故选A。‎ ‎【答案】51. D 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。成功是一种选择，而不是机会。你生来就是赢家。你生来就要富有。只要你做出正确的选择，你就能成功。同时告诉读者怎么样做才能成功。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They are the perennial(长期的) victims and martyrs. They are leaves tossed(摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather”‎ 可知，他们是受害者和殉道者。它们是风吹来的树叶，随着天气的突然变化而四处飘散。所以自尊心不强的人通常认为他们不能控制生活，就像风中的树叶一样，任凭风吹向何方。故选D。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段“Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance.”可知，失败者认为一切都是偶然发生的。所以失败者会认为失败是因为运气不好。故选C。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章的第五段“Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.”可知，万事都有因，如果我们能找出原因，我们就能控制结果。我们要对自己选择的想法和信仰负责。一个人通常会达到自己期望的水平。我们有责任设定我们的期望。我们的成功取决于我们的自信程度，由此推断出可，我们能否成功取决于我们的态度。故选A。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success”可知，简而言之，在你生活的各个领域，无论是经济、身体、情感还是精神，你都要有责任感。一旦你认识到这一点，接受它，并坚信它，你就走上了成功之路。所以最后一段作为论点的结论。故选B。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第二段“Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice”可知，成功是一种选择，而不是机会。你生来就是赢家。你生来就富有。只要你做出正确的选择，你就能成功以及下文介绍了怎么样做才能成功。所以短文的最佳标题是“成功是一种选择”。故选A。‎ 第三部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节：阅读表达(满分10分)‎ ‎【答案】56. To forget some of the millions of new things we learn each day. ‎ ‎57. How the neurons in the human brain help store information. ‎ ‎58. Get rid of. / Do away with. / Take out. / Remove. ‎ ‎59. A good night’s rest is essential for our health. ‎ ‎60. I usually sleep early and get up early, which is a good sleep habit and helps me keep ‎ energetic during the daytime.(Open)‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了睡眠是为了帮助我们清理大脑里的一些无用信息，同时睡眠也是为了帮助我们恢复身体疲劳，让我们能够更好的学习和生活。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Now, there is new evidence which suggests that the purpose of sleep may be to forget some of the millions of new things we learn each day.（现在，有新的证据表明，睡眠的目的可能是忘记我们每天学习的数百万新事物中的一些）可知新的研究发现睡觉的目的是为了忘记我们每天学习的数百万新事物中的一些。故答To forget some of the millions of new things we learn each day.‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第二段The neurons in the human brain consist of fibers called dendrites.（人类大脑中的神经元由称为树突的纤维组成）以及后文主要说明了人类大脑中的神经元如何帮助储存信息，故第二段主旨大意是人类大脑中的神经元如何帮助储存信息。故答How the neurons in the human brain help store information.‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第三段Sleeping allows us to sort through the “noise”.leaving behind only the most important memories可知睡眠让我们能够对“噪音”进行分类,能让我们从“噪音”中筛选出所有不必要的信息，只留下最重要的记忆。故可知划线单词意思为“摆脱，删除”，故答Get rid of. / Do away with. / Take out. / Remove.‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Though scientists may never agree on a single reason, they are all sure of one thing－a good night’s rest is essential for our health.（尽管科学家们可能永远不会在一个单一的原因上达成一致，但他们都确信一件事——一夜好眠对我们的健康至关重要）可知所有的科学家一致同意晚上好好休息对我们的健康很重要。故答A good night’s rest is essential for our health.‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。如可答“我通常早睡早起，这是一个良好的睡眠习惯，帮助我在白天保持精力充沛。”。故答I usually sleep early and get up early, which is a good ‎ sleep habit and helps me keep energetic during the daytime.‎ ‎【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 ‎① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。‎ ‎② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。‎ ‎③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。‎ ‎④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。如第三小题，根据上文Sleeping allows us to sort through the “noise”leaving behind only the most important memories.可知睡眠让我们能够对“噪音”进行分类,能让我们从“噪音”中筛选出所有不必要的信息，只留下最重要的记忆。故可知划线单词意思为“摆脱，删除”，故答Get rid of. / Do away with. / Take out. / Remove.‎ ‎⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。‎ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎【答案】Good morning, everyone!‎ As we all know, health is the most important thing in the world. But what should we do to keep healthy? My views are as follows.‎ Firstly, eat in a proper way. It’s good for us to eat some fresh vegetables and fruit rich in vitamins and minerals every day. And breakfast is necessary. It gives us energy for the morning. Secondly, exercise regularly. Exercise can help keep us strong and active. Thirdly, get enough sleep. Staying up late is bad for our health. Go to bed early and we’ll feel refreshed next morning. Last but not least, enjoy the time with your friends and family, which will also contribute to your good health.‎ That’s all. Thank you!‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇应用文写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部将就 “How to keep healthy” 这一话题进行讨论。请你用英语写一篇发言稿，谈谈健康的重要性，并从饮食、运动、睡眠等方面就应该如何保持健康给出自己的建议。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组）：as we all know（众所周知）；keep healthy?（保持健康）；fresh vegetables（新鲜蔬菜）；exercise regularly（定期锻炼）；stay up（熬夜）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。‎ 第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如It’s good for us to eat some fresh vegetables and fruit rich in vitamins and minerals every day.运用了it做形式主语；Last but not least, enjoy the time with your friends and family, which will also contribute to your good health.运用非限定性定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。‎