江西省南昌市第二中学2020-2021高二英语上学期开学试题（Word版附解析）

江西省南昌市第二中学2020-2021高二英语上学期开学试题（Word版附解析）

南昌二中2020—2021学年度上学期高二开学考试 英 语 试 卷 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）‎ 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。‎ 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1. What time does the museum close on Sundays?‎ A. At 3:00 pm.‎ B. At 4:00 pm.‎ C At 5:00 pm.‎ ‎2. What does the man mean?‎ A. He’s willing to help out.‎ B. He has his hands full.‎ C. He almost loses the suitcase.‎ ‎3. What is the man persuading the woman to do?‎ A. Have less meat.‎ B. Buy him a burger.‎ C. Eat out with him.‎ ‎4. How will the woman probably go to the gallery?‎ A. By bus.‎ B. By subway.‎ C. By car.‎ ‎5. In what aspect is the man weak in Chinese?‎ A. Reading.‎ B. Writing.‎ C. Speaking.‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。‎ ‎6 What does the man think of horror movies?‎ A. Exciting.‎ B. Frightening.‎ C. Boring.‎ ‎7. What new hobby will the woman start?‎ A. Skiing.‎ B. Reading.‎ C. Playing music.‎ 听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。‎ ‎8. What is the man allowed to make for Thanksgiving?‎ A. The sauces.‎ B. The salad.‎ C. The desserts.‎ ‎9. What does the woman say about Thanksgiving in her family?‎ A. No one takes it very seriously.‎ B. Her parents try to do everything.‎ C. Everyone shares the preparation work.‎ 听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。‎ ‎10. Where are the speakers?‎ A. In Sydney.‎ B. In Toronto.‎ C. In Los Angeles.‎ ‎11. What does Simon plan to do after graduation?‎ A. Study further.‎ B. Run a hotel.‎ C. Work in a company.‎ ‎12. What does Lucy major in?‎ A. Law.‎ B. Business.‎ C. Management.‎ 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。‎ ‎13. Why are the speakers excited in the beginning?‎ A. They park near the shopping mall.‎ B. They are lucky to take the umbrella.‎ C. They find the shopping mall easily.‎ ‎14. What would the man like to have for lunch?‎ A. Fries.‎ B. Chicken sandwiches.‎ C. The lamb burger.‎ ‎15. What will the speakers do right after lunch?‎ A. Learn Spanish.‎ B. Do some shopping.‎ C. Go to the museum.‎ ‎16. How will the speakers go to the museum probably?‎ A. By car.‎ B. By bike.‎ C. On foot.‎ 听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。‎ ‎17. How long have Earth Boxes been in market?‎ A. About 15 years.‎ B. About 25 years.‎ C. About 30 years.‎ ‎18. What can Earth Boxes be used to do in poor countries?‎ A. Solve hunger problems.‎ B. Improve soil conditions.‎ C. Teach students science.‎ ‎19. What is the advantage of Earth Boxes?‎ A. Saving much space.‎ B. Purifying much water.‎ C. Making crops grow fast.‎ ‎20. Why are Earth Boxes used in middle school?‎ A. To learn math well.‎ B. To grow vegetables.‎ C. To do some experiments.‎ 第二部分阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Every summer, we invite young writers to join our team for our six-week summer program. Think of yourself as an extension of our team where you will be writing main Youngzine articles.‎ We will work with you and after the first 1-2 articles, most of our young writers are up and running on their own. We will be selecting 4-6 young writers to join our team this year and will guide you through the experience. Does this sound like a challenge you are up to? First, let’s answer some questions that you might have.‎ How Old Should I Be?‎ Most of our Young Editors are typically 13-17 years of age. You will be writing on politics, science, environment and other current events which will require you to read and understand the background material. If you have strong writing skills, are part of your school newspaper or see yourself as a future journalist, this is for you!‎ How Long Is the Program?‎ It is a six-week program from July to mid-August, where you will be writing one article a week. We understand summer is also a time for vacations, and we are flexible as long as you inform us in ‎ advance.‎ What Do We Expect from a Young Editor?‎ Good writing skills and the ability to communicate your thoughts clearly are most important since you are writing for other young readers. We use current events to explain the underlying context or a concept, so you will need to put your research hats on. It is important that articles be unprejudiced and state all points of view of an issue. And of course, your articles have to be original—no copying! We will send you guidelines if you are selected. A few benefits of being a summer writer:‎ Your work will be seen by young readers all over the world.‎ Your knowledge of topics deepens, broadens and widens as you research and write articles.‎ Is that reason enough to want to join? Send us an email to editor@youngzine.org.‎ Please contact us by June 10 if you are interested.‎ ‎1. What do we know about the summer program?‎ A. It is a vacation-free program.‎ B. It lasts for almost three months.‎ C. It is mainly designed for college students.‎ D. It asks participants to finish one article per week.‎ ‎2. The summer program expects the editors who _______.‎ A. express their thoughts effectively B. understand all points of a concept C. are curious about research methods D. have broad knowledge of many topics ‎3. The passage intends to _______.‎ A. hold a writing activity B. help sharpen writing skills C. clarify the qualities of editors D. call for summer young writers ‎【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个号召青年作家的参与的暑期项目，介绍了项目的参与年龄限制、项目的持续时间、项目对编辑的期待以及暑期写作的几个好处等情况。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中It is a six-week program from July to mid-August, where you will be writing one article a week.可知这是一个为期六周的项目，从7月到8‎ 月中旬，你将每周写一篇文章。由此可知，暑期项目要求参与者每周完成一篇文章。故选D。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第五段中Good writing skills and the ability to communicate your thoughts clearly are most important since you are writing for other young readers.可知良好的写作技巧和清晰表达自己想法的能力是最重要的，因为你是在为其他年轻读者写作。由此可知，这个暑期项目期望编辑能有效地表达自己的想法。故选A。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中Every summer, we invite young writers to join our team for our six-week summer program.可知每年夏天，我们都会邀请年轻作家加入我们的团队，参加我们为期六周的暑期项目。结合文章主要为介绍一个号召青年作家的参与的暑期项目，介绍了项目的参与年龄限制、项目的持续时间、项目对编辑的期待以及暑期写作的几个好处等情况。由此可推知，这篇文章意在号召青年作家在夏季参加这个项目。故选D。‎ B Stuttering （口 吃）has nothing to do with intelligence. I know this because I stutter. If it takes me a while longer to say a word, it's not because I can't remember the word; it's because the neural(神经的） pathway that transforms words in my head into sounds in my mouth is wired differently. And differences, of course, are the best way to get negative attention in our society. Taking extra time to get my words out can surely be frustrating, but that's nothing compared to the misery of dealing with people's reactions.‎ Almost all children who stutter are discouraged from speaking in one way or another. It's usually not as direct as someone walking up to them and saying, “Hey, stuttering kid! Keep your mouth shut!” But when your voice causes adults and peers to snicker （窃笑）or roll their eyes, it's pretty discouraging.‎ Growing up, I learned to avoid speaking whenever possible. I hated what came out of my mouth, full of awkward breaks and pauses. I figured whatever future I had, it probably involved a vow of silence.‎ Today Fm a touring author and comedian. It took me 30-something years to get over stuttering. Did I stop stuttering? No! I couldn't stop if I wanted to. But I stopped wanting to stop. Instead of wasting all my time and energy trying to meet unattainable standards, I learned that it's OK to stutter. And I learned by example. I attended the National Stuttering Association conference and met all ‎ kinds of people who stutter—people who didn't hate themselves, who didn't silence themselves. They stuttered, and they were OK with it! I remember watching them and thinking, "That's who I want to be!"‎ There's a popular saying in comedy: "Your weakness is your strength." When I first entered my local open-mic scene, I was quickly met with some "smart" guys looking to score a cheap laugh at my expense. I remember introducing myself to one comedian and stuttering on my name, as I usually do. Eager to demonstrate his smartness, he replied, "Is that Nina with five Ns?" "No," I said, "it's Nina with two Ns!" Just like that, I had created a joke as the result of someone making fiin of my stutter.‎ To this day, whenever I need inspiration for a new joke, I just think about all the ridiculous comments I get from non-stuttering people. It's a comedy gold mine!‎ ‎4. It takes the author longer to say a word because she has _______.‎ A. a comparatively low IQ B. trouble in organizing ideas C. a relatively small brain D. problems in her neural system ‎5. What annoys the author most about her stuttering is _______.‎ A. the unfriendly reactions of others B. the difficulty in memorising words C. her unpromising future as a stutterer D. her embarrassing pauses during talks ‎6. The author got over stuttering by _______.‎ A. adjusting her attitude towards it B. getting help from non-stutterers C. telling herself constantly to stop it D. silencing herself whenever possible ‎7. Paragraph 5 is mainly about the author's _______.‎ A. success as a comedian B. respect for other comedians C. resistance to others' strength D acceptance of her imperfection ‎【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者花了30多年克服了口吃的毛病，并成为一名巡回演出的作家和喜剧演员。作者认为克服口吃最重要的是，改变对口吃的态度并接受自己的不完美。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“it's because the neural(神经的）pathway that transforms words in my head into sounds in my mouth is wired differently.(这是因为将我大脑中的文字转换成嘴里的声音的神经通路是不同的。)”可知，因为她的神经系统有问题，所以作者说一个字要花更长的时间。故选D。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But when your voice causes adults and peers to snicker （窃笑）or roll their eyes, it's pretty discouraging. (但是，当你的声音会导致成人和同伴偷笑窃或不以为然，这很令人沮丧。)”可推断出，她口吃最让作者恼火的是别人不友好的反应。故选A。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第三段和特别是第四段“Instead of wasting all my time and energy trying to meet unattainable standards, I learned that it's OK to stutter.( 我并没有浪费时间和精力去达到无法达到标准，我意识到了口吃是没关系的。)”可推断出，作者从尽量避免说话到克服了口吃的毛病，是因为作者通过调整自己的态度克服了口吃。故选A。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段首句“There's a popular saying in comedy: "Your weakness is your strength." (在喜剧中有一句流行的谚语：“你的弱点就是你的长处。”)”和后文作者举自己向一位喜剧演员介绍自己的事例可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会接受自己的不完美。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如小题2根据文章第二段“But when your voice causes adults and peers to snicker （窃笑）or roll their eyes, it's pretty discouraging. (‎ 但是，当你的声音会导致成人和同伴偷笑窃或不以为然，这很令人沮丧。)”中带有感情色彩的词句“it's pretty discouraging”可推断出，她口吃最让作者恼火的是别人不友好的反应，从而推断出答案。‎ C More than half the young children and teenagers in China are nearsighted, according to a survey by top government agencies, which called for intensified efforts to prevent and control the condition.‎ The survey, which was conducted last year, found that eight of 10 senior middle school students were nearsighted, compared with 71.6 percent in junior middle school, 36 percent in primary school and 14 percent of 6-year-olds in kindergarten. Overall, 53.6 percent were nearsighted. The prevalence (流行程度) of a high degree of myopia also became alarming as the percentage of senior students in high school, who wear glasses stronger than six diopters, has mounted to 21.9 percent. Up to 80 percent of the country’s young adults suffer from nearsightedness, according to a report in the medical journal Lancet. In contrast, the overall rate of myopia in the UK is about 20-30 percent. If you walk the streets of China today, you’ll quickly notice that most young people wear glasses. In Shanghai, for instance, 86 percent of high school students suffer from myopia, or nearsightedness, according to Xinhua News Agency.‎ The growing prevalence of myopia is not only a Chinese problem, but it is an especially East Asian one. According to a study published in The Lancet medical journal in 2012, by Ian Morgan, of the Australian National University, South Korea leads the pack, with 96 percent of young adults (below the age 20) having myopia; and the rate for Seoul is even higher. In Singapore, the figure is 82 percent. To say that Asia is having an eye problem is an understatement.‎ Several factors are associated with the high rate of nearsightedness in China's children and teenagers, including lack of outdoor physical activity, lack of adequate sleep due to heavy work and excessive use of electronics products. And some biologists compared Singaporeans living in Singapore to those living in Australia. They found that 29 percent of the Singaporean students had myopia compared with just 3 percent in Sydney. The main correlation was once again, time spent outside.‎ ‎“The big difference was the Chinese children in Australia were outdoors a lot more than their matched peers in Singapore,” says Ian Morgan, a retired biologist at Australian‎ National ‎University, who coauthored the 2008 study. “This was the only thing that fit with the huge difference in ‎ prevalence.”‎ ‎8. From paragraph 2, according to the survey we can know that ____________.‎ A. the rate of myopia in Shanghai is the highest B. the rate of myopia in the UK is higher than that in ‎China C. the rate of junior middle school students who suffer from myopia is the highest D. the rate of senior middle school students who suffer from myopia is the highest ‎9. Which of the following is not the reason associated with the high rate of myopia in China?‎ A. Time of reading books. B. Lack of adequate sleep.‎ C. Lack of outdoor physical activity. D. Excessive use of electronics products.‎ ‎10. The author writes the passage to __________.‎ A. introduce some methods to protect our eyes B. tell us why so many people have an eye problem C. compare the myopia figures of different countries D. call on everyone to pay attention to the myopia among the young people ‎11. Where is the passage most probably from?‎ A. A literary essay. B. A historical novel.‎ C. A science report. D. A travel magazine.‎ ‎【答案】8. D 9. A 10. D 11. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今东亚国家包括中国的年轻人近视率高这一现象并解释了近视的原因。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The survey, which was conducted last year, found that eight of 10 senior middle school students were nearsighted, compared with 71.6 percent in junior middle school, 36 percent in primary school and 14 percent of 6-year-olds in kindergarten.可知，去年进行的这项研究发现，10名高中生中有8人近视，而初中生近视率为71.6%，小学生近视率为36%，幼儿园6岁儿童近视率为14%。也就是说高中生的近视率是最高的。故选D项。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Several factors are associated with the high rate of nearsightedness in China's children and teenagers, including lack of outdoor physical activity, lack of adequate sleep ‎ due to heavy work and excessive use of electronics products.可知，有若干个因素与中国儿童和青少年近视率高有关，包括缺乏户外体育活动、课余作业繁重导致睡眠不足，以及过度使用电子产品。A项（读书的时间）在原文中并没有被提到。故选A项。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。文章第二段通过列举数据表明中国学生的近视现象非常严重，第三段作者提出近视患病率的不断上升不仅是中国一个国家的问题，而是困扰整个东亚的问题。第四段作者解释了近视的原因，可以看出全文都围绕着年轻人近视率高这一点来写的，作者写这篇文章的目的就是为了让人们看到这个问题的严重性，呼吁人们注意年轻人中的近视现象。故选D项。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了如今东亚包括中国的年轻人近视率高这一现象并解释了近视的原因，还引用了生物学家伊恩·摩根的话。由此可知，本文最有可能出自一篇科学报告。故选C项。‎ D The Mars 2020 rover(02W), which sets off for the Red Planet this year, will not only search for traces of ancient life, but pave the way for future human missions, NASA scientists said Friday as they introduced the vehicle.‎ The rover has been constructed in a large, sterile room at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, near Los Angeles, where its driving equipment was given its first successful test last week.‎ Shown to invited journalists on Friday, it is scheduled to leave Earth in July 2020 from Floridas Cape Canaveral, becoming the fifth US rover to land on Mars seven months later in February.‎ ‎“It's designed to seek the signs of life, so we’re carrying a number of different instruments that will help us understand the geological and chemical context on the surface of Mars,” deputy mission leader Matt Wallace told AFP.‎ Among the devices on board the rover are 23 cameras, two “ears” that will allow it to listen to Martian winds, and lasers used for chemical analysis.‎ Approximately the size of a car, the rover is equipped with six wheels like the former US rover, Curiosity, allowing it to travel along rocky land.‎ Speed is not a priority for the vehicle, which only has to cover around 200 yards(180 metres)‎ ‎ per Martian day -approximately the same as a day on Earth.‎ Fuelled by a tiny nuclear reactor, Mars 202(has seven-foot-long(2 metres) articulated arms and a drill to crack open rock samples in locations scientists identify as potentially suitable for life.‎ We are hoping to move fairly quickly. We'd like to see the next mission launched in 2026 which will get to Mars and pick up the samples, put them into a rocket and finally bring them back to the Earth, "said Wallace. NASA’s Mars 2020 will remain active for at least one Martian year, which is around two years on Earth.‎ ‎12. What does the underlined part “pave the way” in Paragraph 1 mean?‎ A. Making preparations B. Finding suitable landing sites C. Setting up research centers. D. Constructing roads.‎ ‎13. What can we know about the Mars 2020 rover?‎ A. It looks much like a car with six wheels.‎ B It is an updated of the US rover Curiosity.‎ C. It is solar-powered and can crack open rock samples.‎ D. It is able to perform different tasks on Mars in search of the signs of life ‎14. If you search the passage on the website of China Daily, where can you probably find it?‎ A. Lifestyle B. Regional C. World D. Culture ‎15. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. The Mars 2020 rover has successfully passed its first driving test.‎ B. NASA is planning a new round of space exploration C. Future human missions on Mars are on the way D. A new rover will be launched to carry out scientific research on Mars ‎【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了美国宇航局科学家上周五介绍火星2020漫游者（02W）时表示，今年启程前往火星，它不仅将寻找古代生命的痕迹，而且将为未来的人类任务做好准备。同时介绍了这一款火星探测器的一些情况。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。结合后文for future human missions可知火星2020漫游者不仅将寻找古代生命的痕迹，而且将为未来的人类任务做好准备。由此可知，划线短语“pave the way”意思为“做好准备”。故选A。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段“It's designed to seek the signs of life, so we’re carrying a number of different instruments that will help us understand the geological and chemical context on the surface of Mars,” deputy mission leader Matt Wallace told AFP.可知“这是为了寻找生命迹象而设计的，所以我们携带了许多不同的仪器，这些仪器将帮助我们了解火星表面的地质和化学环境，”副任务负责人Matt Wallace告诉法新社。由此可知，火星2020漫游者能够在火星上执行不同的任务，寻找生命的迹象。故选D。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章主要说明了美国宇航局科学家上周五介绍火星2020漫游者（02W）时表示，今年启程前往火星，它不仅将寻找古代生命的痕迹，而且将为未来的人类任务做好准备。同时介绍了这一款火星探测器的一些情况。这属于国外科技类文章，结合选项可推知，如果你在中国日报的网站上搜索这篇文章，你可能会在“World(世界)”部分找到它。故选C。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段The Mars 2020 rover(02W), which sets off for the Red Planet this year, will not only search for traces of ancient life, but pave the way for future human missions, NASA scientists said Friday as they introduced the vehicle.可知美国宇航局科学家上周五介绍火星2020漫游者（02W）时表示，今年启程前往火星，它不仅将寻找古代生命的痕迹，而且将为未来的人类任务做好准备。同时介绍了这一款火星探测器的一些情况。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是一个新的漫游者将被发射到火星上进行科学研究。故选D。‎ 第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ At one point or another, you’ve probably heard someone speak with confidence on a topic that they actually know almost nothing about. This phenomenon is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect, which refers to the finding that people who are relatively unskilled or unknowledgeable in a particular subject sometimes have the tendency to overestimate their knowledge and abilities.‎ In a set of studies, researchers Justin Kruger and David Dunning asked participants to complete tests of their skills in a particular domain. Then, participants were asked to guess how well they had done on the test. ___16___ This effect was most pronounced among participants with the lowest scores on the test.‎ David Dunning explains that “the knowledge and intelligence that are required to be good at a task are often the same qualities needed to recognize that one is not good at that task.” In other words, if someone knows very little about a particular topic, they may not even know enough about the topic to realize that their knowledge is limited. Importantly, someone may be highly skilled in one area, but be influenced by the Dunning-Kruger effect in another domain.___17___‎ If people who know very little about a topic think they’re experts, what do experts think of themselves? Interestingly, Dunning and Kruger found that although experts typically guessed their performance was above average, they didn’t realize quite how well they had done. They often make a different mistake:___18___‎ What can people do to overcome the effect? Dunning and Kruger once had some of the participants take a logic test and then complete a short training session on logical reasoning. After the training, the participants were asked to assess how they’d done on the previous test. ___19___‎ Afterward, the participants who scored in the bottom 25 percent lowered their estimate of how well they thought they had done on the initial test. In other words, one way to overcome the effect may be to learn more about a topic.‎ The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that we may not always know as much as we think we do.‎ ‎___20___ However, by challenging ourselves to learn more and by reading about opposing views, we can work to overcome the effect.‎ A. Researchers found that the training made a difference.‎ B. They assume that everyone else is knowledgeable, too.‎ C. This happens when people don’t know much about a topic.‎ D. All of them had a more accurate view of their performance.‎ E. They found that participants tended to overestimate their abilities.‎ F. This means that everyone can potentially be affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect.‎ G. In some domains, we may not know enough about a topic to realize that we are unskilled.‎ ‎【答案】16. E 17. F 18. B 19. A 20. G ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。你可能听过一些人自信地谈论着他们几乎一无所知的话题。这种现象被称为Dunning-Kruger效应，指的是在某一特定领域相对不熟练或知识不丰富的人有时会倾向于高估自己的知识和能力。文章主要介绍了研究人员是如何进行研究的，以及这项研究结果对人们的启示。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据后文This effect was most pronounced among participants with the lowest scores on the test.可知这种效应在测试中得分最低的参与者中最为明显。以及下一段中In other words, if someone knows very little about a particular topic, they may not even know enough about the topic to realize that their knowledge is limited.可知换句话说，如果一个人对某个话题知之甚少，他甚至可能还没有意识到自己的知识是有限的。由此可知，研究人员发现参与者倾向于高估自己的能力，尤其得分最低的参与者中最为明显。故E选项“他们发现，参与者倾向于高估自己的能力”符合上下文语境，故选E。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据上文Importantly, someone may be highly skilled in one area, but be influenced by the Dunning-Kruger effect in another domain.可知重要的是，有些人可能在某个领域非常熟练，但在另一个领域会受到Dunning-Kruger效应的影响。由此可知，本句承接上文说明，这一发现意味着每个人都可能受到Dunning-Kruger效应的潜在影响。故F选项“这意味着每个人都可能受到Dunning-Kruger效应的潜在影响”符合上下文语境，故选F。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据上文Interestingly, Dunning and Kruger found that although experts typically guessed their performance was above average, they didn’t realize quite how well they had done. They often make a different mistake:可知有趣的是，邓宁和克鲁格发现，尽管专家通常会猜测他们的表现高于平均水平，但他们并没有意识到自己的表现有多好。他们经常犯一个不同的错误：由此可知，本句承接上文说明这个错误是什么——他们认为其他人也都是知识渊博的。故B选项“他们认为其他人也都是知识渊博的”符合上下文语境，故选B。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据后文Afterward, the participants who scored in the bottom 25 percent lowered their estimate of how well they thought they had done on the initial test. In other words, one way to overcome the effect may be to learn more about a topic.可知之后，得分最低的25%‎ 的参与者降低了他们对自己在最初测试中的表现的估计。换句话说，克服这种影响的一种方法可能是对某个话题了解得更多。由此可知，训练起作用了。故A选项“研究人员发现，训练起到了作用”符合上下文语境，故选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据上文The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that we may not always know as much as we think we do.可知Dunning-Kruger效应表明，我们可能并不总是像自己认为的那样知道那么多。以及后文However, by challenging ourselves to learn more and by reading about opposing views, we can work to overcome the effect.可知然而，通过挑战自己来学习更多，通过阅读相反的观点，我们可以努力克服这种效果。由此可知，本句是在说明在某些领域，人们可能对某个主题了解不够，以至于意识到自己缺乏技能。故G选项“在某些领域，我们可能对某个主题了解不够，以至于意识到自己缺乏技能”符合上下文语境，故选G。‎ 第三部分语言知识运用(共三节，满分45分)‎ 第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Dad is a liar(说谎者), definitely. He never tells the truth about anything___21___, or anything that he thinks is bad to me, even though I___22___that I don’t mind hearing these things.‎ He is the kindest man I have ever met, who never___23___others, as well as the___24___man, for he’s always hard on himself. Every time I___25___home from college and asked Dad how his___26___was getting on, he would always reply, “Oh, couldn’t be___27___!” When I asked my mum the same question on the phone,___28___, she honestly told me every___29___with Dad’s business. I didn’t blame Dad for his____30____. I felt a deep sympathy for him.‎ Dad is a miser (吝啬鬼), undoubtedly. I hardly see Dad wear____31____clothes. In fact, his closet is half empty. Even in this half, two-thirds is occupied by Mum’s clothes and the other____32____belongs to him. I urged him to buy some new clothes,____33____he simply shook his head, “The old clothes are still good enough.” Were they? I saw____34____in them.‎ It____35____my heart up when I saw Dad____36____terribly with his hand covering his mouth. When the pains became unbearable, he____37____took some pills.‎ So it surprised____38____when the day came that Dad got sick. He was lying in bed. And all the family gathered around him. I knelt(跪) by his bedside, tears filling my eyes.‎ Dear Dad, you’ve been____39____yourself too hard, which you should not have. I know I might as well____40____a river to flow backward as hope to talk you out of working so hard. But I still want to say, “Dad, take better care of yourself!”‎ ‎21. A. interesting B. good C. bad D. valuable ‎22. A. emphasize B. realize C. decide D. admit ‎23. A. envies B. blames C. helps D. hurts ‎24. A. noblest B. cruelest C. most selfless D. most diligent ‎25. A. phoned B. drove C. went D. stayed ‎26. A. health B. business C. experiment D. treatment ‎27. A. better B. harder C. easier D. healthier ‎28. A. meanwhile B. anyway C. however D. therefore ‎29. A. change B. incident C. achievement D. problem ‎30. A. belief B. carelessness C. lies D. excuses ‎31. A. old B. new C. beautiful D. cheap ‎32. A. one-third B. half C. thing D. closet ‎33. A. so B. but C. since D. although ‎34. A. holes B. stains C. hope D. importance ‎35. A. woke B. warmed C. cheered D. tore ‎36. A. act B. shake C. cry D. cough ‎37. A. still B. even C. merely D. seldom ‎38. A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody ‎39. A. controlling B. pushing C. criticizing D. fighting ‎40. A. beg B. allow C. expect D. cause ‎【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D ‎ ‎ 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. D 37. C 38. D 39. B 40. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对于父亲的回忆。作者以看似批评实则尊重的方式来纪念自己的父亲。他回忆中，父亲爱撒谎，却是善意的谎言；父亲是吝啬的，但对家人很大方。作者表达了自己对父亲深深的爱。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他从来不说任何不好的事情，或者任何他认为对我不好的事情，尽管我强调我不介意听到这些事情。A. interesting有趣的；B. good好的；C. bad坏的；D. valuable贵重的；有价值的。根据后文“anything that he thinks is bad to me”可知，父亲从不告诉我坏事。故选C项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从来不说任何不好的事情，或者任何他认为对我不好的事情，尽管我强调我不介意听到这些事情。A. emphasize强调；着重；B. realize意识到；实现；C. decide决定；D. admit承认。根据后文“that I don’t mind hearing these things”可知，这应是作者告诉父亲的话，自己并不介意听到这样的事情，选项A“emphasize”用于句中可表达作者“强烈希望”父亲能够告诉自己实话。故选A项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他是我见过的最善良的人，从来没有伤害过别人，也是最严酷的人，因为他总是对自己很苛刻。A. envies嫉妒；羡慕；B. blames责备；归咎于；C. helps帮助；D. hurts伤害。根据前文“He is the kindest man I have ever met”可知，父亲很善良，不伤害别人。故选D项。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他是我见过的最善良的人，从来没有伤害过别人，也是严酷的人，因为他总是对自己很苛刻。A. noblest最高贵的；B. cruelest最残暴的；最严酷的；C. most selfless最无私的；D. most diligent最勤奋的。根据后文“for he’s always hard on himself”可知，父亲总是对自己很苛刻，因而可用B项“cruelest(最严酷的)”与“hard”相呼应。故选B项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我从大学打电话回家，问爸爸他的生意怎么样，他总是回答：“哦，再好不过了！”A. phoned给……打电话；B. drove开车；C. went去往；D. stayed停留；呆在。根据后文“when I asked my mum the same question on the phone”可知，作者应是在大学里给家里打电话。故选A项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次我从大学打电话回家，问爸爸他的生意怎么样，他总是回答：“哦，再好不过了！”A. health健康；B. business生意；C. experiment实验；D. treatment治疗。根据后文“she honestly told me every ___9__ with Dad’s business.”可知，作者跟父亲通话询问的是与父亲生意有关的事情，父亲只是用“Oh, couldn’t be ___7(better)___ !”来敷衍作者，反而是母亲告知了有关父亲生意的事情。故选B项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我从大学打电话回家，问爸爸他的生意怎么样，他总是回答：“哦，再好不过了！”A. better更好的；B. harder更难的；C. easier更容易的；D. healthier更健康的。根据前文可知，作者询问父亲有关父亲生意上的事情，因此父亲用“couldn’t be better！(再好不过了！)”来回答。故选A项。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我在电话里问我妈妈同样的问题时，她诚实地告诉了我爸爸生意上的所有问题。A. meanwhile同时；B. anyway无论如何；无论怎样；C. however然而；D. therefore因此。分析可知，前文“couldn’t be ___7(better)___！”父亲表达了“生意再好不过了”与后文母亲“she honestly told me every ___9 _ with Dad’s business.”讲述的应为转折关系，应用转折副词。故选C项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我在电话里问我妈妈同样的问题时，她诚实地告诉了我爸爸生意上的所有问题。A. change改变；B. incident事件；事变；C. achievement成就；D. problem问题。分析句子“she honestly told me 以及with Dad’s business.”可知，母亲应是诚实地告知作者父亲生意上的问题。故选D项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不责怪爸爸的谎言。A. belief信仰；信念；B. carelessness粗心大意；C. lies谎言；D. excuses借口。根据前文he would always reply, “Oh, couldn’t be ___7___ !” when I asked my mum the same question on the phone, ___8 __ , she honestly told me ‎ every ___9 __ with Dad’s business.可知，针对同样的问题，母亲诚实地告知作者，而父亲则“撒谎”了。故选C项。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我几乎看不到爸爸穿新衣服。A. old年老的；B. new新的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. cheap便宜的。根据后文“The old clothes are still good enough.(这些旧衣服仍然很好。)”可知，作者看到父亲穿的应是旧衣服，从未穿过新衣。故选B项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使在这一半里，三分之二是妈妈的衣服，另外三分之一是他自己的。A. one-third三分之一；B. half一半；C. thing东西；D. closet衣橱。根据前文“Even in this half, two-thirds is occupied by Mum’s clothes”可知，母亲的衣服占了三分之二，那剩下的就是三分之一。故选A项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我劝他买几件新衣服，但他只是摇了摇头，“旧衣服还不错的。”A. so因此；B. but但是；C. since自从；D. although尽管。分析可知，前文“I urged him to buy some new clothes”作者要求父亲买新衣，而后文“he simply shook his head…”提及父亲拒绝买新衣，旧衣服还很好，前后句为转折关系。故选B项。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到衣服上面有洞。A. holes洞；B. stains污渍；C. hope希望；D. importance重要性。根据前文“Were they?”可知，作者提出反问，应是作者看到衣服上有洞。故选A项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到爸爸用手捂住嘴剧烈地咳嗽时，我的心都碎了。A. woke醒来；唤醒；B warmed使……温暖；C. cheered加油；安慰；D. tore撕开。根据后文“when I saw Dad ___16_ terribly with his hand covering his mouth. When the pains became unbearable…”可知，作者看到父亲生病了，很严重，应是很心痛。tear sth up，“撕碎”，可用于文中表达作者的“心痛”。故选D项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到爸爸用手捂住嘴剧烈地咳嗽时，我的心都碎了。A. act行动；表现；B. shake摇晃；C. cry哭泣；D. cough咳嗽。根据后文“with his hand covering his mouth”可知，应是“咳嗽”。故选D项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当疼痛难以忍受时，他就吃些药丸。A. still仍然；还；B. even甚至；C. merely仅仅；只不过；D. seldom很少；不常。根据句子“When the pains became unbearable,以及 took some pills.”可知，父亲疼得厉害时，也只是吃几片药，所选副词应起到强调父亲并不是很重视病情的作用，选项C“merely”可用来强调某事物不是很重要。故选C项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查不定代词辨析。句意：所以当爸爸生病的那一天到来的时候，大家都不会感到惊讶。A. somebody某个人；B. anybody任何人；C. everybody每个人；D. nobody没有人。根据前文“When the pains became unbearable, he ___17 _ took some pills. So it surprised ___18 __ when the day came that Dad got sick.”可知，父亲对于自己的健康不关心，因此，当他生病时，没有人觉得惊讶。故选D项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：亲爱的爸爸，你给自己施加太多压力了（把自己逼得太紧了），这是不应该的。A. controlling控制；B. pushing推动；C. criticizing批评；D. fighting与……作斗争。push sb. hard，“给某人施压”，与前文“for he’s always hard on himself”相呼应。故选B项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道，我希望劝说你不要这么辛苦工作，就像希望河水倒流一样。A. beg乞求；B. allow允许；C. expect期望；D. cause引起。与后文“hope”相呼应，应是expect。故选C项。‎ ‎【点睛】原词复现显神通 原词复现是指作者在讲述同一个话题时，会使用原词，同义词，近义词，同根词等形式表达，以使文章在行文方面衔接紧密。这是作者埋下的伏笔和线索，因此，使用该原则可以有效帮助快速选出答案。比如文章的第1小题：‎ He never tells the truth about anything ___1__ , or anything that he thinks is bad to me, even though I ___2 _ that I don’t mind hearing these things.‎ ‎1. A. interesting B. good C. bad D. valuable 该题答案在后文“or anything that he thinks is bad to me”出现了原词复现：bad。故答案为C项。‎ Every time I ___5___ home from college and asked Dad how his ___6__ was getting on, he would always reply, “Oh, couldn’t be ___7___ !”‎ ‎5. A. phoned B. drove C. went D. stayed 该题答案在后文“when I asked my mum the same question on the phone”出现了原词复现：phone(词性不一致)。故答案为A项。‎ 第二节单项选择（共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分）‎ ‎41. He wrote a letter ______ he explained what had happened in the accident.‎ A. what B. which C. where D. how ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生的一切。a letter是先行词，从句本身主(he )--谓(explains )--宾(what had happened in the accident)成分齐全，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，要使用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选C。‎ ‎42. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.‎ A. could B. would C. must D. need ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查情态动词。句意：他付了座位的钱，而他本可以免费进去的。A. could能够；B. would将；C. must一定；D. need需要。could have done表示过去本来可能发生情况，而实际上没有发生。这里指他去电影院看电影，本可以免费进入，却买了票。故选A。‎ ‎43. All the passengers are worrying about _______ the flight will take off on time.‎ A. why B. whether C. that D. when ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：所有的乘客都在担心飞机是否会准时起飞。A. why为什么；……的原因；B. whether是否；C. that无意义（引导从句来引述某人的话语、思想或感觉）；D. when什么时候；……的时候。分析可知，“_______ the flight will take off on time”为宾语从句，从句结构完整，句意完整，结合前文“are worrying about(担心；担忧)”可知，应包含“不确定；迟疑”语气，用whether引导。故选B项。‎ ‎44. You say he works hard. ______ , and ______.‎ A. So he does; so you do B. So he does; so do you C. So does he; so do you D. So does he; so you do ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查倒装句和固定句式。句意：你说他很刻苦，他的确如此，并且你也很努力。so＋谓＋主：主语也… ;So＋主＋谓表对上文所说内容持肯定态度。故选B项。‎ ‎45. The doctor insisted that I ______ a high fever and that I ______ a rest for a few days.‎ A. had; had B. have; have C. had; have D. have; had ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：医生坚持说我发高烧，并坚持要求我休息几天。分析可知，第一个空前的谓语insisted，意为“坚持认为”含义，之后宾语从句应是陈述句语气，即：一般过去时；第二空前谓语insisted被省略，但意为“坚持要求”，之后宾语从句应是虚拟语气，即：that+主语+（should）+动词原形……。故选C项。‎ ‎46. Good amounts of sleep every night______ also important for your health.‎ A. are B. is C. was D. were ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每天晚上充足的睡眠对你的健康也很重要。分析可知，句子主语为“Good amounts of sleep(充足的睡眠)”，当amount修饰主语时，谓语要与amount的形式一致，题目中amount为复数形式，因此谓语要用复数形式，结合语境应是一般现在时。故选A项。‎ ‎47. Many problems have________ as a result of change over a new type of fuel.‎ A. risen B. arisen C. raised D. aroused ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：由于换用了一种新型燃料，很多问题出现了。arise“发生；出现”‎ ‎，符合句意。rise“上升，上涨”； raise“举起，抬高”； arouse“引起，激起，唤起”。故选B。‎ ‎48. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked around as if ________whether he was going in the right direction.‎ A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to have seen ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们跟着人突然停了下来，环顾四周，似乎是要看看是否他在正确的方向上。当as if后面直接跟一个动词时，常使用不定式to do来表示目的，相当于as if he were(was)to do sth说明动作的未完成性。故答案为C。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ ‎49. After a heated discussion, a new plan came______ being, which would have a great effect ______ the study of the students.‎ A. into; for B. to; to C. from; at D. into; on ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：经过激烈的讨论，一个对学生的学习有很大影响的新计划诞生了。come into being意为“产生，开始存在” ，have a great effect on 意为“对……产生很大影响”。故选D项。‎ ‎【点睛】通过句中所给词摘出固定用法，在平时需要多加积累。‎ ‎50. It’s three years ______my brother joined the army and it will be ten days ______he comes back to see our parents.‎ A. when; after B. since; when C. before; until D. since; before ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查连词词义辨析和固定句式。句意：我哥哥参军已经三年了，他要过十天才能回来看望我们的父母。A. when(当……时候)；after(在……之后)；B. since(自从)； when(当……时候)；C. before(在……之前)；until(直到)；D. since(自从)；before(在……之前)‎ ‎。分析可知，第一个空所在句应是固定句式：it’s+一段时间+since+过去时句子，意为“自从……以来，多长时间了”，因此第一个空应是since；第二个空所在句应是固定句式：it+ will be+一段时间+before+现在时句式，意为“过多久才……”，因此第二个空应是before。故选D项。‎ 第三节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ I am a junior in high school. There is a lady at my school ___51___ job is to hand out call slips (借书单) and prevent students from leaving campus ___52___ permission. Before today I had never seen her smile. The other day my friends and I were eating in the cafeteria and I saw her ___53___ (walk) around. When she came ___54___ (close) to us I could see that she was crying. She pulled out a tissue and quickly wiped her eyes. I thought to myself that this lady is so underappreciated and needs recognizing for all her hard work. So I ___55___(write) a note telling her that the students appreciated everything she did and ___56___ her contribution to our school made a difference in all of our lives. I signed it “some thankful students” and slipped it into ___57___ envelope. Then I realized I didn’t even know her name. I asked all of my professors but no one knew her name I finally went to ask the lady at student services and ___58___(tell) that her name was Kathy. I brought her a bunch of ___59___ (color) sunflowers and taped the envelope to it. I brought the flowers to school and left ____60____ in her office. She came into my third period class shortly afterwards to deliver a call slip, and there it was a smile on her face!‎ ‎【答案】51. whose ‎ ‎52. without ‎ ‎53. walking ‎ ‎54. closer 55. wrote ‎ ‎56. that 57. an ‎ ‎58. was told ‎ ‎59. colorful ‎ ‎60. them ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者高中时期帮助一位校工重拾自信，重拾笑容的故事。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查定语从句的关系代词。此处限定性定语从句，先行词是a lady，关系词 在从句中作定语，应使用关系代词whose。故填whose。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查介词。根据句语境可知，此处指“阻止学生们未经许可离开校园”。故填without。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。固定短语：see sb. doing sth.“看到某人做某事”。故填walking。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查副词比较级。根据语境可知，此处指“当她走得更近时，我看到她在哭”，由此可知，应使用副词比较级。故填closer。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。根据上下文可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时。故填wrote ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句的连接词。Telling后使用了两个宾语从句一个是that the students appreciated everything she did，另一个是_______her contribution to our school made a difference in all of our lives.根据同一个动词后接两个并列的宾语从句，第二个无意义的连接词that可以省略。故填that。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查冠词。此处表示泛指“一个信封”， envelope 是以元音音素开头的词，应使用不定冠词an。故填an。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查语态。根据语境可知，此处指“我去问学生服务处的那位女士结果被告知她的名字是Kathy”，句子描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was told。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查形容词。修饰后面的sunflowers，应使用形容词，意为“色彩斑斓的向日葵”。故填colorful。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查代词。代指上文的sunflowers，应使用代词宾格。故填them。‎ 第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎61. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 温馨提醒：改错题需按要求规范答题，否则不能得分！‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Ladies and gentlemen, today I’m going to share something amazed about dolphins. For ages, the sailors have said that it is good luck to see dolphins swimming alongside boats. Their presence meant that land is near, which will be vital informations if a boat and its crew are in danger. Some dolphins have even protected sailors which suffer shipwreck from sharks. There is no wonder that these unique and fascinating creatures have long known as our friends.‎ Dolphins are thought to be intelligent animals because of its quick ability to learn. They seem to communicate with each other through a combination of whistles and clicks. While scientists don’t know exact what they are talking about, it is thought that dolphins are telling each other that food is nearby, or warn each other of approaching danger.‎ ‎【答案】1.amazed → amazing ‎2. 删去have ‎ ‎3. meant → means ‎4. informations → information ‎5. even →been ‎6. which → who ‎7. there → that ‎8. its → their ‎9. exact → exactly ‎10. warn → warning ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章一篇关于海豚的演讲，海豚是一种聪明的动物。‎ ‎【详解】第一处：考查非谓语动词。一般来说修饰人的时候用amazed，修饰物的时候用amazing。句中是要修饰something。故将amazed改为amazing。‎ 第二处：考查时态。句意：多年来，水手们都说看到海豚在船边游泳真是幸运。根据时间状语可知此处应使用过去式。故将 have 删去。‎ 第三处：考查主谓一致。他们的存在意味着陆地接近，是叙述客观事实，用一般现在时。Their presence不可数，位于动词要用单数形式。故将meant改为means。‎ 第四处：考查名词的数。information是不可数名词，所以不能加s。故将 informations 改为 information。‎ 第五处：考查语态。句意：一些海豚被水手保护。have been protected被保护。故将 even改为been。‎ 第六处：考查定语从句。which suffer shipwreck from sharks.为定语从句，先行词 sailors 指人，所以此处要用who引导定语从句。故将which改为who。‎ 第七处：考查名词性从句。It is no wonder that ………是不足为奇的。故将there 改为 that 。‎ 第八处：考查代词。 its 指代Dolphins，Dolphins为复数。所以此处应使用their。故将its 改为their。‎ 第九处：考查副词。修饰动词know ，所以此处应使用exact的副词形式。故将exact改为exactly。‎ 第十处：考查非谓语动词。or前后连接的两个动词的形式要保持一致。warn 和telling形式应一致。故将warn改为warning。‎ ‎【点睛】此类题目主要考查时态、语态以及一些基本的语法知识。‎ 例如，第6题，考查了who和which的用法区别。关系代词who修饰人，which修饰物。先行词指人时用who引导定语从句。例如：The girl who wears a red coat is Marry. who前面是the girl,是人。 先行词指物时用which引导定语从句。例如： The book which/that was bought yesterday is on the desk now. which 前面是the book,是物。本题先行词sailors 指人，所以此处要用who引导定语从句。故将which改为who。‎ 第二节书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎62. 某英文杂志新设“我的家乡”专栏向读者征文，请按下面提供的要点写一篇100个词左右的短文，介绍你的家乡过去的情况和现在的变化，向该杂志投稿。短文标题已给出。‎ ‎【答案】My hometown I used to live in a beautiful small town with green trees all around it. The river, running through the town, had clean water in which fish could be seen swimming in groups. The house, however, were small and simple, and the street wasn’t wide enough to run cars. People here worked hard all year round yet lived a life of no more than poverty.‎ Now great changes have taken place here. You can see tall buildings, department stores and factories everywhere. Cars and buses are running in broad streets. But with the development of industry, pollution is becoming more and more serious. A lot of trees are gone, and fish have disappeared because of the dirty water.‎ To our joy, people have been doing their best to stop pollution and make the town even more beautiful.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于提纲类作文，要求考生写一篇稿件，讲述家乡的过去和现在。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时和一般现在时。‎ 结构：三段式结构。第一段讲述家乡的过去；第二段讲述家乡的现在；第三段讲述对于家乡变化的总结。‎ 要求：1.家乡的过去（used to; river; house; people）‎ ‎ 2.家乡的现在（changes; tall buildings; cars; pollution）‎ ‎ 3.总结（people have been doing their best to stop pollution and make the town even more beautiful）‎ 第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）‎ used to; run through; swim in groups; work hard; take place; with the development of ; because of; to one’s joy; do one’s best to do ‎ 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. I used to live in a beautiful small town with green trees all around it.‎ ‎2. The river，running through the town, had clean water in which fish could be seen swimming in groups.‎ ‎3. People here worked hard all year round yet lived a life of no more than poverty.‎ ‎4. Now great changes have taken place here.‎ ‎5. But with the development of industry, pollution is becoming more and more serious.‎ ‎6. A lot of trees are gone, and fish have disappeared because of the dirty water.‎ ‎7. To our joy, people have been doing their best to stop pollution and make the town even more ‎ beautiful.‎ 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）‎ 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。‎ 第五步：润色修改 ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。‎ ‎1.作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如：‎ The river, running through the town, had clean water in which fish could be seen swimming in groups.(这条流经城镇的河有干净的水，可以看见成群的鱼在里面游泳。)这句话运用了which引导定语从句。‎ A lot of trees are gone, and fish have disappeared because of the dirty water.(许多树消失了，鱼也因为脏水而消失了。)这句话运用了and作为并列连词连接两个句子。‎ ‎2.使用了一些固定词组，如used to; run through; swim in groups; work hard; take place; with the development of ; because of; to one’s joy; do one’s best to do等。‎ 全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎