2018届二轮复习非谓语动词之动词不定式专项复习课件（49张）

2018届二轮复习非谓语动词之动词不定式专项复习课件（49张）

Revision of  Infinitive 2018 届二轮复习 非谓语动词之 动词不定式 不定式由 “ to+ 动词原形 ” 构成 , 其否定形式是 “ not/never to do ” , 不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语 , 没有人称和数的变化 , 但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用 “ for+ 名词或代词宾格 ” 构成。 不定式 结构 : to do ( 否定 ) not/never to do 二 . 时态与语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing ---------- ---------- (1).They pretended not to see us . (2). He pretended to be sleeping . (3).She pretended to have known it before. ( 一般式表示与谓语的动作同时 / 几乎 / 发生在 它之后 .) ( 在谓语动词发生的同时 , 不定式的动作也正在进行 ) ( 完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 ) (4).We’re happy to have been working with you. ( 完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前 , 不定式的 动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续 ) 动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 主语 (subject) 宾语 (object) 宾补 (object complement) 定语 (attribute) 状语 (adverbial) 表语 (predicative) 做独立成分（ independent component ） 与疑问词等连用 三 . 用法 / 功能 To see is to believe . It ’s important to learn English well . (1). 主语 单个不定式作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数 若不定式太长 , 往往用 it 作形式主语 , 不定式置后 . My job to help the patient . Your task to clean the classroom . is is (2). 表语 不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain 等后作表语． I want to go home . The workers demanded to get better pay . I found it necessary to talk to him again . (3) 宾语 think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有： hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. The teacher told me to clean the blackboard . I expect you to give me some help . (4). 宾补 五看 watch see look at observe notice 三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear 一感觉 : feel warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force 等 e.g. I made him do his work. He was made to do his work (by me). 注意 1> help 后面的“ to” 可省去 e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water. 2> see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at 等表示 感觉和 let, make, have 等表示使役的动词后 面，不定式作宾语时要省“ to” （注：被动 语态不省 to ） 3> 不定式用在介词 but, except, besides 后时 , 如果这些介词前有行为动词 do 的 各种形式 , 那么介词后的不定式不带 to, 相反则带 to. (1). She could do nothing but cry . (2). I have no choice but to go . (3).What do you like to do besides sleep . I have something to say . He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about . (5). 定语 ( 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词 , 则不定式中要有介词 .) 请给我一支写字的笔 . Please give me a pen to write with. ( 常常表示将来的动作 ) 不定式作定语时，应放在 被修饰词的后面 ，而且放在其他后置定语之后。 1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有 三种 关系： (1) 动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do . 我有很多工作要做。 (2) 主谓关系 He is always the first to come . 他总是第一个来。 (3) 同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college . 我们都有上大学的机会。 2. 作定语的不定式如果是 不及物动词 ，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有 相应的介词 。 3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time, place 或 way ，不定式后面的 介词习惯上要省去 。 e.g. He is looking for a room to live in . 他在找一个房间住。 e.g. He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。 4. something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。 e.g. Do you have anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？ Do you have anything to be sent ? 你有什么东西要被寄吗？ I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train. (6) 状语 （表示目的，结果，原因或条件） in order to , so as to , enough to , only to , too….to., 在一些短语中也有体现 (7). 独立结构 to be frank, to be honest, To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you. 类似的结构 (8) 不定式与疑问词 who,which, when, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语 、宾语等。 He didn’t know what to say . 他不知道说什么。 ( 宾语 ) How to solve the problem is very important . 如何解决这个问题很重要。 ( 主语 ) My question is when to start . 我的问题是什么时候开始。 ( 表语 ) 注意 ： 在与 why 连用时，只用于 why 或 why not 开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to 。 Why not have a rest? 关于不定式中的小品词 to (1). 不定式中的 动词 上文已出现过 , 下文要 省略该动词 . eg: Would you like to go with me ? I’d like to . (2). 不定式是 to be 结构 , be 不可省 . eg: Would you like to be a teacher? I’d like to be. 不定式的主动形式表示被动 1 ．在 there be 结构中。 例如： There is a lot of homework to do ． ( 也可用 to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost). 2 ．在“ n ／ pron + be + adj + to do” 结构中。常用的形容词有 easy ， difficult ， hard ， impossible ， nice ， pleasant ， light ， heavy ， interesting ， important ， expensive ， cheap ， fit ， dangerous 等 。 例如： He is hard to convince( 说服 ). He is an impossible person to work with ． 3. 在“ too—to do; enough…to…” 结构中。 如： The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out) ． The house is big enough to live in. 4 ．在“ with+n+to do” 结构中。 例如： With nothing to do ， he lay in bed ． With so many exercises to do ， I can‘t go to the cinema ． 5 ．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 例如： I have a letter to type today ． (I 是 to type 的逻辑主语 ) Do you have anything to say? (you 是 to say 的逻辑主语 ) 6 ．当不定式隐含在 for sb to do 结构中 时。 例如： This is the best book to read (=for us ／ you to read) ． The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house ． 7 ．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。 常见的这类动词有 let( 出租 ) ， rent ， hire ， blame 等。 例如： The house is to let ． I felt l was to blame. 8. 有些不及物动词或短语如 exist, appear, disappear, come true, happen, occur, take place, break out, come about, run out, turn out, come out 等常以主动形式表被动意义。 e.g. Our gas is running out. J.K Rowling’s novel “Harry Porter” became popular soon after it came out. 9. 感官动词和一些连系动词如 feel, look, seem, taste, sound, remain, keep, stay, prove 等常以主动形式表示被动意义。 e.g. As time went by, Einstein’s theory proved to be true. 10. 有些动词如 write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等既可作及物动词也可作不及物 动词，当它们与副词 well, badly, easily 等连用时，以主动形式表被动意义， 表示主语特征或属性。 e.g. The cloth washes easily. The new product sells well. The pen writes smoothly. exercise My teacher was made _____ his teaching because of poor health. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up 2.The sentence wants ____ once more. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining 3.The Arctic is considered ____ the northern part of the Atlantic. having been B. to have been C. to be D. being 4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _____ for him without delay. to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave 5.I found the German language hard ____. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn 6.—The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot ______. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 7. ---Did you get a job? --- No, I ___ , but it’s no use. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned 8.We find it impossible for the work ___ ahead of time. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished 9.---I usually go to Shanghai by train. ----Why not ___ there by boat for a change? to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go My teacher was made _____ his teaching because of poor health. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up 2.The sentence wants ____ once more. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining 3.The Arctic is considered ____ the northern part of the Atlantic. having been B. to have been C. to be D. being B D C 4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _____ for him without delay. to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave 5.I found the German language hard ____. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn 6.—The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot ______. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off B D C 几对易混淆的词组： stop to do sth. 停止去做某事 doing sth. 停止正在做．．． forget to do sth. 　忘记去做．．． doing sth. 　忘记已做了．．． remember to do sth. 　记得去做．．． doing sth. 　记得曾经做．．． 7.---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? ---The key ____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made 8. ---What do you think of the school? ----It is a very good _____. school to study in B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to study B A 9. ---Did you get a job? --- No, I ___ , but it’s no use. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned 10.We find it impossible for the work ___ ahead of time. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished 11.---I usually go to Shanghai by train. ----Why not ___ there by boat for a change? to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go B D B 12.___ a living, she had to work from morning till night. To make B. Made C. Making D. To have made 13. I would rather starve to death than ___ for food. beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg 14.The boy pretended ____ when his mother entered. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read A A C Exercise 1. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D. don’t make 3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____ whether they will enjoy it. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see 5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it 6. The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 8. We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 1. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D. don’t make 3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____ whether they will enjoy it. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see 5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it 6. The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 8. We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 10. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating 11. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 12. Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 13. ____ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 14. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 1 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。 _______________ are both great happiness. 2 中国人民决不会征服。 The Chinese people refuse _________________ 3 据说他已经完成了他的工作。 He is said __________________________. 4 根据报道他们已安全到达。 They are reported ____________________ To love and to be loved to give in/ be conquered to have finished/completed his work to have arrived safely 5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。 I want this bike ___________________________. 6 玛利仿佛已经被告诉这件事了。 Mary seemed _____________________________. 7 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。 He is known ________________ a gold medal at the Olympic. to be repaired at once/ immediately to have been told about it to have been given