【英语】2018届二轮复习定语从句学案（9页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习定语从句学案（9页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习定语从句 定语从句中关系代词的使用，特别是that, which的用法在近几年的语法填空题中涉及比较多；关系副词中when, where的用法也是命题者常考虑的一个设题角度，特别是在提高试卷难度时。‎ 考生在解答这类题目时，要根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分来确定关系词。若在从句中作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若作状语就用关系副词。‎ ‎[典题感悟](考什么、怎么考)‎ 一、语法填空常考点 ‎(一)关系代词的用法 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the development of chopsticks.‎ 解析：who　who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Confucius。who在定语从句中作主语。‎ ‎2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. ‎ 解析：‎ that/which　此处指漓江的江水被许多艺术家描绘过。根据句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是waters，故定语从句的关系代词应该使用that或which。‎ ‎(二)关系副词的用法 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.‎ 解析：when　此处表示当时我是第一个西方记者，根据句子结构可知，本句是一个非限制性定语从句，其先行词为mid1980s，故应该使用when表示时间。‎ ‎2．(2015·广东高考)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market ________ people from the towns met regularly.‎ 解析：where　where people from the towns met regularly是定语从句，修饰market，where在定语从句中作地点状语。‎ ‎(三)“介词＋关系代词”的用法 ‎1．(2016·江苏高考改编)Many young people, most of ________ were welleducated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.‎ 解析：whom　句意：很多年轻人都到偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想。他们中的大多数都受过良好的教育。先行词为Many young people，在从句中作of的宾语并且指人，故使用关系代词whom。‎ ‎2．(2015·安徽高考改编)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________school education depends.‎ 解析：‎ which　句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育应该依靠的基本技能。depend upon＝depend on“依靠，依赖”。结合句意及句子结构可知，upon及其后的句子成分在句中作the fundamental skill的定语，是定语从句。从句中缺少一个宾语，故用关系代词which。‎ ‎(四)分隔式、插入式定语从句 ‎(2014·重庆高考改编)We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________we set at the beginning of the year.‎ 解析：that/which　句意：我们一个月内就可以达到年初设定的销售目标了。根据句子结构和句意可知，空格后为定语从句，先行词为the sales targets，在从句中作动词set的宾语，引导词可用that/which。‎ 二、短文改错常考点 ‎(一)关系词与非关系词混用 ‎(2016·四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.________________‎ 解析：what→that或which，或者去掉what　分析句子结构和句意可知，此处为dishes之后所接的定语从句，定语从句中缺少宾语，故可以使用that或者which指代dishes。此处也可以省去作宾语的关系代词，故可以直接去掉what。‎ ‎(二)限制与非限制混用 ‎1．(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.________________‎ 解析：that→which　逗号后为非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎2．After class I often read China Daily, that is a wonderful paper.________________‎ 解析：that→which　句意：课下我经常读《中国日报》，它是一份很好的报纸。此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎(三)人与物混用 ‎1．Among the many dangers who sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.________________‎ 解析：who→which/that　句意：在水手要面对的这么多危险中，最大的危险可能就是雾了。先行词是the many dangers，指物，在定语从句中作face的宾语，故用which/that。‎ ‎2．The children, all of which had played the whole day long, were worn out.________________‎ 解析：which→whom　句意：孩子们玩了一整天，都累了。该定语从句的先行词为children，指人，在从句中作介词of的宾语，只能用whom。‎ ‎(四)成分辨别错误 ‎1．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere that his employees enjoy their work.________________‎ 解析：that→‎ where　句意：公司的老板正在努力创造一种简单的氛围，在这种氛围下他的员工能够喜欢工作。分析从句可知，从句不缺主语、宾语，故应选择关系副词，先行词是atmosphere，表示一种抽象的地点，故用where。‎ ‎2．Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, which you can hear some lovely music.________________‎ 解析：which→where或在which前加in　句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到一些优美的音乐。根据结构可知这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是St.Paul’s Church，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。此时where相当于in which。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎1．选择关系代词和关系副词的三个原则 ‎(1)根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性；‎ ‎(2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物；‎ ‎(3)根据关系词在从句中所充当的成分：‎ 若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语，则用关系代词；若从句中缺状语，则用关系副词。‎ ‎2．牢记定语从句的特殊用法 看到先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point, situation, case, stage等，若引导词在从句中作状语，则常用关系副词where引导定语从句；若不作状语，则常用关系代词that/which。‎ Have you met with the case where you are misunderstood by ‎ others?‎ 你遇到过被人误解的情形吗？‎ Have you met with the case which is similar to this one？　‎ 你遇到过和这种情况相似的情形吗？‎ ‎3．熟记as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 ‎(1)位置不同 as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。‎ ‎(2)含义不同 as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce等；which意为“这一点”。‎ As we all expected, the plan turned out to be very successful.‎ 正如我们所期望的，这个计划结果是很成功的。‎ The child had a fever every night, which worried his parents very much.‎ 孩子每晚都发烧，这使他父母非常焦急。‎ ‎4．“介词十关系代词”中介词的选择原则 ‎(1)根据介词与定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。‎ I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.‎ 我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有钱。‎ ‎(2)根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配。‎ I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.‎ 我永远不会忘记孩童时期我在乡村度过的时光。‎ ‎(3)根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。‎ This is the hero of whom we are proud.‎ 这就是我们为之骄傲的英雄。‎ ‎(4)在非限制性定语从句中表“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”时常用介词of。‎ The old woman has three sons, two of whom are doctors.‎ 这位老太太有三个儿子，其中两个是医生。‎ ‎(5)根据所表达的意思来确定。‎ The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.‎ 离开它我们不能活的这种无色气体被称为氧气。‎ ‎5．巧辨定语从句与其他从句 ‎(1)定语从句与名词性从句的区别 定语从句前必须有先行词，先行词通常为名词或代词；名词性从句除同位语从句外，前面均无名词或代词；‎ ‎(2)定语从句与同位语从句的区别 二者前通常都有名词或代词，但定语从句起修饰、限定作用；同位语从句起解释、补充说明作用；引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；而引导同位语从句的that在从句中不作成分。‎ The fact that he presented was a strong proof.‎ 他所提供的事实是一个强有力的证据。(定语从句)‎ The fact that she hadn’t said anything surprised us all.‎ 她什么也没说的事实使我们每一个人都很惊讶。(同位语从句)‎ ‎(3)非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别 前后句之间有and, but, so等并列连词或分号等，则为并列句；若只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词或句子的补充说明，则为非限制性定语从句。‎ Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA, most of whom came from the US.(定语从句)‎ Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA, and most of them came from the US.(并列句)‎ 出席会议的大都是DNA方面的专家，其中大部分来自美国。‎ Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空 ‎1．The famous writer and his book_that you referred to just now are wellknown now.‎ ‎2．The result was not the same as they had expected, which was ‎ rather disappointing.‎ ‎3．My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.‎ ‎4．The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn’t study hard.‎ ‎5．Please put the letter in the place where he can easily find it.‎ ‎6．Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.‎ ‎7．As most people know, Fujian is famous for tea.‎ ‎8．We expect you to become someone of whom we’ll feel very proud in the future.‎ ‎9．What is the first American film that you have seen?‎ ‎10．The old woman often looked back on the past days when she worked hard to make a living.‎ ‎11．Li Ping passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.‎ ‎12．Mo Yan, most of whose novels have been adapted for films, is now a worldfamous writer.‎ ‎13．American students take part in a wide variety of afterschool activities where they develop their social skills.‎ ‎14．Do you know the way in which he worked out the problem?‎ ‎15．After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, who ‎ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The train ran over and killed a boy and his dog which were just crossing the track.which→that ‎2．I’d like you to explain the reason from which you were absent.from→for ‎3．I have three foreign teachers, two of them are from Canada.them→whom_或two前加and ‎4．I have a picture by a famous painter who was sent to me for my birthday.who→which/that ‎5．I have many friends to who I am going to send postcards. who→whom ‎6．I’d like a room which window looks out over the sea.which→whose ‎7．Mr. Smith is such a popular teacher as all of us think highly of him.去掉him或as→that ‎8．What do you think of the reason why he gave at the meeting yesterday？why→that/which或去掉why ‎9．Her performances on the stage were perfect, that made a lot of people admire her.that→which ‎10．There are three people in my family and I’m the only one child, who is very common in Chinese families.who→which ‎11．Travelling abroad, you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting.去掉where或where→which/that ‎12．The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, which they plan to stay for three days.which→where或在which前加in