四川省成都市石室中学2020届高三一模考试英语试题 Word版含解析

四川省成都市石室中学2020届高三一模考试英语试题 Word版含解析

www.ks5u.com 成都石室中学一诊模拟考试英语试题 试卷满分150分考试时间120分神 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小題和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1.What did the woman do today?‎ A. She practiced the piano. B. She wrote some letters. C. She made a travel plan.‎ ‎2. What will the woman do tomorrow afternoon?‎ A. Go to the dentist. B. Go to a physics class. C. Meet with her trainer.‎ ‎3. What has Billy been doing this weekend?‎ A. Visiting museums.‎ B. Reading some science books.‎ C. Trying to come up with an idea.‎ ‎4. How do the speakers feel?‎ A. Tired. B. Enjoyable C. Frightened.‎ ‎5. What does the woman mean?‎ A She doesn't want to leave.‎ B. She will take all the files away.‎ C. She has enough time to deal with her work.‎ 第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有2至4个小題，从题中所给的A、B、C三 个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的 时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6. What did the woman say about the man's brother?‎ A. He has changed a lot.‎ B. He was very impolite to her.‎ C. She can never understand him.‎ - 28 -‎ ‎7. What is the man's explanation?‎ A, His brother has a pain in his neck.‎ B. High school life is too stressful.‎ C. That is the way teenagers are.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。‎ ‎8. What are the speakers doing?‎ A. Looking for something.‎ B. Talking about a trip to France.‎ C. Checking their luggage at the airport.‎ ‎9. Where was the woman's passport?‎ A. In her wallet. B. Under the desk. C. In her makeup bag.‎ ‎10. What is the woman like?‎ A. She is forgetful. B. She is impatient. C. She is very organized 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。‎ ‎11. Where does the conversation take place?‎ A. In Thailand. B. In Hawaii. C. In Mexico.‎ ‎12. What do we know about the camera?‎ A. It can be used underwater. B. It cannot be dropped. C. It's pretty heavy.‎ ‎13.How much did the man spend on his camera equipment in total?‎ A. $200. B. $300. C. $350.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。‎ ‎14.What does the man want the woman to do by Monday?‎ A. Call the models. B. Finish the files. C. Send out the invitations.‎ ‎15.When is the charity party?‎ A. This weekend. B. Next week. C. Next month.‎ ‎16.Where do the speakers probably work?‎ A. At a baking company. B. At a fashion company. C. At a housing company.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17.What is the speaker's attitude?‎ A. No one is born a genius.‎ - 28 -‎ B. Too much practice is not useful.‎ C. Talented people needn't work hard.‎ ‎18.When did Mozart begin composing?‎ A. At the age of three. B. At the age of five. C. At the age of eight.‎ ‎19.How did Jimi Hendrix learn to play the guitar?‎ A. His father taught him. B. He learned at school. C. He taught himself ‎20.What happened to Einstein after graduation?‎ A. He couldn't find a job.‎ B. He was an immediate success.‎ C. He gave up his studies for a while.‎ 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选岀最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。‎ A When Ariyah Georges was born 15 weeks early, she weighed only one pound, 12 ounces. Her mother, Jovan, knew how important breastfeeding was, especially for a premature (早产的) baby like Ariyah, so she began pumping milk to feed her through a tube. But two days later, Jovan felt dizzy and feverish — 104 Fahrenheit degrees, in fact. She had a blood disease and was close to full shock.‎ She was separated from others for nearly two weeks at the regional Northern Virginia hospital where she'd delivered. During that time, she could still pump breast milk, but Ariyah couldn't consume it because of the risk of infection. Without it, the newborn was particularly easily affected by diseases. There are many cases like this, which creates the need for the milk donation.‎ Enter donor milk breast milk purchased by hospitals for mothers who aren't able to produce enough milk on their own, due to health complications, stresses, or other factors. The milk comes from milk banks, organizations that collect and screen breast milk from those women willing to donate. Usually processed in intensive-care units, the milk is only available by prescription.‎ - 28 -‎ In recent years, both milk banks and the use of donated human milk have risen swiftly in the United States. In 2011, 22 percent of NICUs used donor breast milk; four years later, that number doubled to nearly 40 percent, and went even higher for the most intensive NICUs — as much as 75 percent. There are 23 milk banks in the United States recognized by the Human Milk Banking Association of North America, or HMBANA, double the number that existed five years ago.‎ But as the demand for donor milk rises, banks must find more charitable donors — a task made more complicated by informal networks of milk sharing that happens online. And many of the most vulnerable infants are still not being reached.‎ ‎1. Jovan couldn't feed her baby Ariyah on her breast milk because_______.‎ A. Ariyah was a premature baby B. Jovan couldn't produce enough milk C. Jovan was separated from others D. Jovan was in poor health.‎ ‎2. By telling the story of Ariyah and her mother, the writer wants to______.‎ A. tell us what to do if mothers cannot produce enough milk.‎ B. remind us of the importance of breastfeeding the newborn.‎ C. introduce the topic of an increasing need for donated human milk.‎ D. warn us against the risk of the newborn being affected by diseases.‎ ‎3. How is the writer's idea mainly developed in Paragraph 4?‎ A. By following time order. B. By listing statistics.‎ C. By giving examples. D. By making predictions.‎ ‎4. What problem are milk banks now faced with?‎ A. It's difficult to find enough charitable donors.‎ B. networks of milk looking for donors online are informal C. The milk purchased from milk banks cannot reach infants' home.‎ D. The number of women willing to donate breast milk are decreasing.‎ ‎【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文为说明文。文章通过Ariyah - 28 -‎ ‎ Georges对母乳的需求引出社会现象——社会对于母乳捐赠需求量急剧增长，这导致美国的母乳银行必须要找更多的捐赠者，这使得发生在网上的非正式捐赠网络变得复杂，而最脆弱的婴儿仍然得不到母乳。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的She had a blood disease and was close to full shock.(她患了血液病，几乎休克)及第二段中的During that time, she could still pump breast milk, but Ariyah couldn't consume it because of the risk of infection.(在那段时间里，她仍然可以挤母乳，但因为有感染的风险，阿莉娅不能喝)可知，乔凡无法用母乳喂养她的孩子阿莉娅，因为她生病了，健康状况很差，孩子不能喝她的母乳。故选D。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的There are many cases like this, which creates the need for the milk donation.可知，有很多这样的情况，这就需要捐赠母乳。由此可知，作者通过讲述阿莉娅和她母亲的故事，引出话题，即对母乳捐赠的需求越来越大。故选C．‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段中的In 2011, 22 percent of NICUs used donor breast milk; four years later, that number doubled to nearly 40 percent, and went even higher for the most intensive NICUs — as much as 75 percent.可知，2011年，22%的新生儿重症监护室使用捐赠者母乳；四年后，这一数字翻了一番，达到近40%，而对最密集的新生儿重症监护室来说，这一数字甚至更高，达到75%。由此可知，本段通过列举数据写的。故选B。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的But as the demand for donor milk rises, banks must find more charitable donors — a task made more complicated by informal networks of milk sharing that happens online.可知，但随着对捐赠母乳需求的增加，银行必须找到更多的好心的捐赠者——这项任务因在线的非正式母乳分享网络而变得更加复杂。由此推知，母乳银行很难找到足够多的好心捐赠者。故选A．‎ ‎【点睛】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。如第3小题，How is the writer's idea mainly developed in Paragraph 4?我们根据第四段中的In 2011, 22 percent of NICUs used donor breast milk; four years later, that number doubled to nearly 40 percent, and went even higher for the most intensive NICUs — as much - 28 -‎ ‎ as 75 percent.可知，2011年，22%的新生儿重症监护室使用捐赠者母乳；四年后，这一数字翻了一番，达到近40%，而对最密集的新生儿重症监护室来说，这一数字甚至更高，达到75%。由此可知，本段通过列举数据写的。故选B。‎ B If you're a book lover, you have a pile of books on your bedside, or a bookshelf in your library with a “to read” sign on it. Yet you can't stop yourself from adding to the pile. This can lead to feelings of guilt over your new purchases. But I'm here to tell you to stop worrying.‎ What you have is an antilibrary, and it's a very good thing. The term comes from writer Umberto Eco. He is the owner of a large personal library. He separates visitors into two groups: those who react with “Wow! What a library you have! How many of these books have you read?” and the others who get the point that a private library is not something to show off but a research tool. Read books are far less valuable than unread ones. Indeed, the more you know, the larger the rows of unread books. Let us call this collection an antilibrary.‎ If you think you already know everything about a subject, you're cutting yourself off from a stream of information at an artificial point. So a growing library of books you haven't read means you're consistently curious about the unknown. And that attitude is a great foundation for a lifelong love of learning.‎ So don't feel guilt over your unread books. Those books will be there for you when you do want them, and as you build your library of read and unread books, you can start using it as you would use a bigger library. Certain books may become references more than read-throughs. Or you may find that a book you bought five years ago has special relevance today. Letting the role of books evolve in your life is a healthy sign of curiosity. That's good for you and good tor the world around you.‎ ‎5. What does the underlined word "antilibrary in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Feelings of guilt over new books. B. A pile of books on the bookshelf.‎ C. The collection of unread books. D. A large personal library.‎ ‎6. Which of the following will the writer agree with?‎ A. The unread books you bought years ago are of no use.‎ - 28 -‎ B. You don't have to read every book from cover to cover.‎ C. Read books are of more use than unread books.‎ D. You shouldn’t purchase new books until the unread ones are covered.‎ ‎7. What does the writer think of someone having lots of unread books?‎ A. Approving. B. Doubtful.‎ C. Critical. D. Indifferent.‎ ‎【答案】5. C 6. B 7. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是议论文。文章主要讲了不要因为你买了而没读过的书感到内疚，你可能会发现，你五年前买的一本书今天特别有用，收藏更多的未读书籍并不是坏事。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Read books are far less valuable than unread ones. Indeed, the more you know, the larger the rows of unread books. Let us call this collection an antilibrary.可知，读过的书远不如没读过的书有价值；事实上，你知道的越多，未读的书就越多；让我们称这种收藏为反图书馆。由此推知，antilibrary指的是未读书籍的收藏。故选C。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Certain books may become references more than read-throughs.可知，某些书可能成为参考书而不是通读。由此可知，作者认为不必将每本书从头读到尾。故选B。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。最后一段中的Letting the role of books evolve in your life is a healthy sign of curiosity. That's good for you and good tor the world around you.可知，让书在你的生活中发挥作用是一种健康的好奇心。这对你和你周围的世界都有好处，由此推知，作者对于收藏未读书籍这一行为持赞成态度。故选A。‎ - 28 -‎ ‎【点睛】依据逻辑推理猜测词义：运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。在第1小题中，可以根据该划线词所在的上下文语境来推测其意义。根据第二段中的Read books are far less valuable than unread ones. Indeed, the more you know, the larger the rows of unread books. Let us call this collection an antilibrary.可知，读过的书远不如没读过的书有价值；事实上，你知道的越多，未读的书就越多；让我们称这个集合为反图书馆。由此推知，antilibrary指的是未读书籍的收藏。故选C。‎ C Since App Store was set up, it has been selling consumers one simple thing — choice. Whether you wanted to play games, read the news, or do a thousand other things, there was something for whatever you desired.‎ Then something funny happened. Logging into the App Store today is like going into a shopping mall with only a coupon (优惠券) for one thing: There's so much choice; it might be easier to give up than to choose.‎ It isn't consumers who are burdened, though. Too much content of all kinds also has economic effects. When countless choices are available, it causes pressure, pushing prices down and driving us a bit crazy.‎ So what is the way forward? It may well be to tum less choice itself to the marketing strategy. There are already signs that this is happening. Firstly content companies are looking to prevent their offerings from getting lost in the tons of stuff. Most obvious is Disney, which is planning to open its own streaming service next year. The point is to narrow the focus so that those seeking Disney cartoons will have one place to go, rather than being around various services.‎ Yet if that represents a careful first step, there are more extreme options too. Consider the idea of a wine club: from tens of thousands of bottles each year, subscribers (用户) pay someone to select the most interesting ones. Perhaps what comes next for digital content is similar — carefully selected offerings from trusted sources that put choices in the hands of someone else in order to get rid of the anxiety of choosing.‎ Up to now, too much choice in digital media has only one solution: the algorithm (运算法则). But we've seen the trouble with algorithms on You Tube. They feed you only what you've already said you like, not things you may not know you're into. Worse, they have a tendency to serve up disturbing content. The way forward can't simply - 28 -‎ ‎ be more or better algorithms.‎ Instead, it's time for digital companies to start thinking about how to put limits on things: on how much we can use a device, or what we are available to choose from.‎ As we move further into the digital revolution, what people ask for is clear: Less.‎ ‎8. What will too much choice of content on the market result in?‎ A. The shutdown of companies. B. Anxiety of consumers.‎ C. Poor quality of products. D. Negative influence on economy.‎ ‎9. Why is Disney planning to open its own streaming service?‎ A. To improve its marketing strategy.‎ B. To help people focus on less choice.‎ C. To encourage more people to visit Disney.‎ D To provide consumers with various services ‎10. In what way may a wine club and digital content in the near future be similar?‎ A. Someone else will be employed to make a choice for consumers.‎ B. Both of them will offer only a few options.‎ C. Consumers will refuse to choose from too many options.‎ D. Both of them will make a change about their products.‎ ‎11. What do we know about the algorithm?‎ A. It manages to offer what consumers will possibly like.‎ B. It helps to remove disturbing content from digital media.‎ C. it offers consumers things based on what they've said they like.‎ D. It'll solve the problem of having too much choice.‎ ‎【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章介绍了应用市场把过多的产品选择权都推到消费者身上，会给经济带来消极影响。迪斯尼等许多公司计划开设自己的流媒体服务，防止他们的产品迷失在成堆的东西中的同时，帮助消费者缩小选择范围，从而消除选择焦虑。 ‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ - 28 -‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的It isn't consumers who are burdened, though. Too much content of all kinds also has economic effects. When countless choices are available, it causes pressure, pushing prices down and driving us a bit crazy.可知，不过，负担并不在消费者身上；各种内容过多也会产生经济影响；当有无数的选择时，它会带来压力，压低价格，让我们有点疯狂。由此推知，市场太多的目录选择对经济会导致消极的影响。故选D。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Most obvious is Disney, which is planning to open its own streaming service next year. The point is to narrow the focus so that those seeking Disney cartoons will have one place to go, rather than being around various services.可知，最明显的是迪斯尼，它计划明年开放自己的流媒体服务，重点是缩小关注范围，让那些寻找迪斯尼卡通的人有一个去处，而不是围绕着各种服务。由此推知，迪斯尼的流媒体服务是帮助消费者缩小选择范围的。故选B。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第五段中的Perhaps what comes next for digital content is similar — carefully selected offerings from trusted sources that put choices in the hands of someone else in order to get rid of the anxiety of choosing.可知，也许接下来的数字内容也是类似的——精心挑选来自可信来源的内容，把选择交给其他人，以消除选择的焦虑。由此可知，一个葡萄酒俱乐部和数字内容将是相似的，因为其他人来为消费者做出选择。故选A。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段They feed you only what you've already said you like, not things you may not know you're into.可知，它们只给你提供你已经说过的你喜欢的东西，而不是那些你可能不知道你喜欢的东西。由此可知，运算法则根据消费者自身所好来为他们提供他们喜欢的东西。故选C。‎ D What's that one thing you really should do, but keep putting off? We all have them: time-consuming, or difficult chores we're afraid of and drag out until the last minute — if we complete them at all.‎ But what if we could drive ourselves into those boring tasks by pairing them with - 28 -‎ ‎ something we really enjoy? Research suggests that combining the things we want to do, with the thing we should do, could be a nice trick to reach our goals. The method is known as "temptation bundling" and it allows you to combine two differing, but complementary activities at the same time.‎ ‎"I only let myself get a footbath when I'm doing some work," says Katherine Milkman, a professor of behavioral economics at the University of Pennsylvania. Another example? Going to your favorite restaurant but with a difficult colleague, or someone you're supposed to spend time with, such as a relative.‎ In short, it's pairing something you like with something you don't like, offering you incentive to do something you might be putting off.‎ Exercise is one activity routinely treated as a boring task — so Milkman used it in an experiment to know how temptation bundling works in reality.‎ In her experiment. Milkman encouraged students to exercise while listening to addictive, page-turning audiobooks. One group, which could only access the audiobooks while at the gym, were 51% more likely to exercise than the control group, which were able to listen when they liked. Another group, whose access to the audiobooks was not restricted but who were merely encouraged to bundle the activities, were 29% more likely to exercise than the control group.‎ The benefit of "temptation bundling" comes from doing two things at once that go well together, says Milkman. "The secret is to bundle tasks that require different effort. For instance, if one task requires focus or concentration, you want the other not to be too distracting — reading while listening to a podcast is very difficult, for example, while cooking and listening is more realistic." Milkman adds.‎ ‎12. Temptation bundling can help us to______.‎ A. avoid delaying what should be done in time.‎ B. solve two problems at a time.‎ C. put what we have learned into practice.‎ D. improve our ability to face a chore.‎ ‎13. The two percentages 51% and 29% in paragraph 6 show that_____.‎ A. many people treat exercise as a boring task.‎ - 28 -‎ B. most people consider listening to audiobooks a boring thing.‎ C. combining two activities at the same time can contribute to each other.‎ D. the control group do the worst in dealing with physical exercise.‎ ‎14. Which of the following is true according to this passage?‎ A. Cooking and listening can be combined because neither needs focus.‎ B. Combining two differing, but complementary tasks is popular among us.‎ C. Milkman's experiment shows that temptation bundling is effective.‎ D. Temptation bundling is suitable for reading and listening to a podcast.‎ ‎15. This passage is intended to tell us_____.‎ A. what benefits pairing two tasks will bring us.‎ B. how to get a boring task completed.‎ C. what tasks can be paired with each other.‎ D. how to identify the bad habit of putting off.‎ ‎【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章介绍一种完成工作的好方法。研究表明，把我们想要做的事情与我们应该做的事情结合起来，可能是实现我们目标的一个好方法。这种方法被称为“诱惑捆绑”，它允许你同时结合两种不同的、但互补的活动。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中的We all have them: time-consuming, or difficult chores we're afraid of and drag out until the last minute — if we complete them at all.(我们都有这样的事情：耗时，或者是我们害怕的困难的杂务，如果我们完成了它们，也会拖到最后一分钟)及第二段中的The method is known as "temptation bundling" and it allows you to combine two differing, but complementary activities at the same time.(这种方法被称为“诱惑捆绑”，它允许您同时组合两个不同但互补的活动)可推知，“诱惑捆绑”可以帮助我们避免延迟应该及时完成的事情。故选A。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第六段中的One group, which could only access the audiobooks while at the gym, were 51% more likely to exercise than the control group, which were able to listen when they liked. Another group, whose access to the audiobooks was not - 28 -‎ ‎ restricted but who were merely encouraged to bundle the activities, were 29% more likely to exercise than the control group.可知，其中一组只能在健身房听有声读物，与对照组相比，前者锻炼的可能性要高51%，后者可以在喜欢的时候听有声读物。另一组人，他们看有声书没有限制，只是被鼓励把活动捆绑在一起，他们锻炼的可能性比对照组高29%。由此可知，第6段中的两个百分比（51%和29%）表明，对照组在体育锻炼方面做得最差。故选D。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。通过第六段中实验数据的描述可知，Milkman的实验证明了“诱惑捆绑”是有效的。故选C。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的But what if we could drive ourselves into those boring tasks by pairing them with something we really enjoy? Research suggests that combining the things we want to do, with the thing we should do, could be a nice trick to reach our goals. The method is known as "temptation bundling" and it allows you to combine two differing, but complementary activities at the same time.(但是，如果我们能把这些无聊的任务和我们真正喜欢的任务结合起来，让自己投入其中呢？研究表明，把我们想做的事情和我们应该做的事情结合起来，可能是实现我们目标的好方法。这种方法被称为“诱惑捆绑”，它允许您同时组合两个不同但互补的活动)及下文对“诱惑捆绑”的介绍可知，本文的主要目的是告诉我们如何完成无聊的任务。故选B。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选岀能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Smart devices are sometimes powerful. They put a world of information at our fingertips. ―___16___That is a huge blessing for parents seeking flexible work hours. Smart phones and tablets can also promote efficiency by allowing people to get things done in spare moments that would otherwise be wasted, such as while queuing for coffee. They can even help lazybones create the false impression that they are working around the clock, by programming their e-mail to be sent at 1 am.‎ But for most people, the servant has become the master. Not long ago only doctors were on call all the lime. Now everybody is. Bosses think nothing of invading their employees' free time. ___17___ Even people with strong mind check their smart devices with heavy addiction, even during pre-dinner drinks, and send e-mails first thing - 28 -‎ ‎ in the morning and last thing at night.‎ ‎___18___ How can we harvest the benefits of connectivity without becoming its slaves? One solution is digital dieting. Just as the abundance of junk food means that people have to be more disciplined about their eating habits, ___19___ Maybe the only way to break the 24/7 habit is to act together rather than individually. The firms should introduce rules about when people are expected to be offline, and encourage them to work together to make this possible.‎ We must be aware that the faster smart devices become and the more addictive the apps that are designed for them, the stronger the addiction will grow. ___20___‎ A. This is partly because smart devices are addictive.‎ B. Work invades the home far more than domestic chores invade the office.‎ C. Now it's time to outsmart the smart devices by insisting that everyone turn them off from time to lime.‎ D. the abundance of junk information means we have to be more disciplined about our browsing habits.‎ E. Banning texting at weekends can really show the iPhone who is boss.‎ F. They enable people to work at home instead of crowding into the subway with smelly strangers.‎ G. What can be done to keep smart devices in their place?‎ ‎【答案】16. F 17. B 18. G 19. D 20. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇选句填空。文章主要讲述了智能设备有时很强大，它们把一个信息的世界放在我们的指尖。但我们必须意识到，智能设备的速度越快，为其设计的应用程序越容易上瘾，这种上瘾就会越严重。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据前文Smart devices are sometimes powerful. They put a world of information at our - 28 -‎ ‎ fingertips.可知，智能设备有时很强大，它们把一个信息的世界放在我们的指尖。F项They enable people to work at home instead of crowding into the subway with smelly strangers.(它们使人们可以在家里工作，而不是和有臭味的陌生人挤在地铁里)符合文意，故选F。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据前文Bosses think nothing of invading their employees' free time.(老板们认为侵占员工的自由时间没什么大不了的)及下文Even people with strong mind check their smart devices with heavy addiction, even during pre-dinner drinks, and send e-mails first thing in the morning and last thing at night.(即使是意志坚强的人也会沉迷于智能设备，即使是在餐前小酌时也不例外，早上第一件事和晚上最后一件事都是发送电子邮件)可知，B项Work invades the home far more than domestic chores invade the office.(工作对家庭的影响远远大于家务琐事对办公室的影响)符合文意。故选B。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据后文How can we harvest the benefits of connectivity without becoming its slaves?( 我们如何才能在不沦为网络奴隶的情况下收获网络连接的好处呢？)可知，此处在讲如何正确使用智能设备。由此可知，G项What can be done to keep smart devices in their place?(我们可以做些什么来保持智能设备的地位？)符合文意。故选G。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据前文Just as the abundance of junk food means that people have to be more disciplined about their eating habits(正如垃圾食品的大量存在意味着人们必须更加注意自己的饮食习惯一样)可知，D项the abundance of junk information means we have to be more disciplined about our browsing habits.(垃圾信息的泛滥意味着我们必须对自己的浏览习惯更加自律)符合文意。故选D。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据前文We must be aware that the faster smart devices become and the more addictive the apps that are designed for them, the stronger the addiction will grow.可知，我们必须意识到，智能设备的速度越快，为其设计的应用程序越容易上瘾，这种上瘾就会越严重。C项Now it's time to outsmart the smart devices by insisting that everyone turn them off from time to - 28 -‎ ‎ lime.(现在是时候通过坚持让每个人随时关闭智能设备来超越智能设备了)符合文意。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】“七选五”这样的题型，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。如第2小题，根据前文Bosses think nothing of invading their employees' free time.(老板们认为侵占员工的自由时间没什么大不了的)及下文Even people with strong mind check their smart devices with heavy addiction, even during pre-dinner drinks, and send e-mails first thing in the morning and last thing at night.(即使是意志坚强的人也会沉迷于智能设备，即使是在餐前小酌时也不例外，早上第一件事和晚上最后一件事都是发送电子邮件)可知，B项Work invades the home far more than domestic chores invade the office.(工作对家庭的影响远远大于家务琐事对办公室的影响)符合文意。故选B。‎ 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节（共20小题:每小題1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、b、C和D四个选项中•选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项.‎ As the night drew near, gunshots came into a pause at last, and the sun was selling on a country ___21___ of farm buildings, a main road and a big farm. A fierce battle had lasted a whole day ___22___ our soldiers made a breakthrough. ___23___ our army ___24___ to occupy the enemy's front line, ___25___ a mile and a half.‎ Now, we had taken ___26___ the trench that the enemy had dug as a last line of defense. We could ___27___ that the enemy were digging a ___28___ trench from where they could fight against us in the morning. They dug in the stony soil all night, and by the morning we could see only the tips of their caps and their spades (铲子) as they threw the soil out.‎ Our soldiers, after ___29___, were trying to find ______30______ and games, since the enemy showed no sign of launching an attack. Some chose to drink ______31______ a moment of peace and rest. ______32______ soldiers decided to shoot at the enemy's caps and spades to see if they could hit any of them. Beyond our ______33______, one of the enemy soldiers, who seemed to be a(n) ______34______, joined us in our game. ‎ - 28 -‎ He ______35______ suddenly put his spade up, ______36______ it there for a few seconds to see if one us could hit it, and then pull it down quickly again. A good many of our soldiers fired at it whenever it came up, but ______37______ seemed to succeed in hitting it.‎ However, a time came when die spade ______38______ down much longer than usual. The soldier, we thought, might have left for a meal or ______39______ else. We were feeling quite disappointed when the spade came out ______40______ once again, for the last time, with a bandage around it.‎ ‎21. A. view B. scenery C. scene D. sight ‎22. A. until B. before C. when D. till ‎23. A. Eventually B. Nearly C. Absolutely D. Quickly ‎24. A. got B. tried C. succeeded D. managed ‎25. A. improving B. advancing C. fleeing D. developing ‎26. A. over B. up C. away D. back ‎27. A. see B. guess C. sense D. hear ‎28. A. deep B. new C. big D. strong ‎29. A. dawn B. dusk C. midnight D. argument ‎30. A. imagination B. work C. fun D. emotion ‎31. A. by B. for C. to D. with ‎32. A. Another B. The other C. More D. Other ‎33. A. expectation B. curiosity C. question D. order ‎34. A. officer B. actor C. soldier D. sportsman ‎35. A. did B. would C. had D. could ‎36. A. kept B. remained C. left D. pushed ‎37. A. nobody B. all C. none D. any ‎38. A. remained B. hid C. kept D. fell ‎39. A. anything B. someone C. something D. nothing ‎40. A. suddenly B. frequently C. quickly D. slowly - 28 -‎ ‎【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是记叙文。文章描写了作者的军队在占领了敌军战壕后与敌军做的一个游戏，最终致使敌军不战而降。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着夜晚的临近，枪声终于停了下来，太阳照在乡村的土地上，周围是农场的建筑物，一条大路和一个大农场。A. view观点；B. scenery风景；C. scene场景；D. sight景观。根据后文A fierce battle had lasted a whole day可知，阳光洒在在乡村的一处农舍，这是一个特殊的场景（scene）。故选C。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查连接词辨析。句意：一场激战持续了一整天，我们的士兵才取得突破。A. until直到；B. before在……之前；C. when当……的时候；D. till直到。根据句意此处使用连接词before。故选B。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终我们的军队设法占领敌人的前线，推进了一英里半。A. Eventually最终；B. Nearly几乎；C. Absolutely明显地；D. Quickly快速地。根据前文A fierce battle had lasted a whole day ___2___ our soldiers made a breakthrough.可知，最终我军设法占领了敌人的前线。故选A。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终我们的军队设法占领敌人的前线，推进了一英里半。A. got得到；B. tried尝试；C. succeeded成功；D. managed设法。根据前文A fierce battle had lasted a whole day ___2___ our soldiers made a breakthrough.可知，最终我军设法占领了敌人的前线。故选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终我们的军队设法占领敌人的前线，推进了一英里半。A. improving提高；B. advancing前进；C. fleeing逃跑；D. developing发展。根据语境可知，此处指我们部队前进了一段距离。故选B。‎ - 28 -‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在，我们已经接管了敌人挖的战壕作为最后一道防线。A. take over接管；B. take up占据；C. take away拿走；D. take back拿回来。根据前文to occupy the enemy's front line可知，此处指接管了敌人挖的战壕作为最后一道防线。故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们可以听到敌人在挖一条新的战壕，明天早上他们可以在那里与我们作战。A. see看见；B. guess猜测；C. sense感觉；D. hear听到。根据后文句子They dug in the stony soil all night可知，此处是指听到敌人挖了一夜的战壕。故选D。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们可以听到敌人挖一条新的战壕，明天早上他们可以在那里与我们作战。A. deep深的；B. new新的；C. big大的；D. strong强壮的。根据前文接管了敌人的战壕可知，敌人要挖一个新的战壕。故选B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的士兵在黎明后试图寻找乐趣和游戏，因为敌人没有发动进攻的迹象。A. dawn黎明；B. dusk黄昏；C. midnight午夜；D. argument争吵。根据They dug in the stony soil all night, and by the morning we could see only the tips of their caps and their spades (铲子) as they threw the soil out.可知，此处是黎明之后。故选A。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的士兵在黎明后试图寻找乐趣和游戏，因为敌人没有发动进攻的迹象。A. imagination 想象；B. work工作；C. fun快乐；D. emotion感情。根据后文since the enemy showed no sign of launching an attack可知，我们的士兵想找点乐子和游戏。故选C。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查介词辨析。句意：有些人选择了为片刻的宁静和休息而干杯。A. by通过；B. for因为；C. to向，为；D. with有。drink to是固定短语“为……而干杯”。故选C。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他士兵决定向敌人的帽子和铁锹射击，看看他们是否能击中任何一个。A. Another又一个；B. The other另一个；C. More更多的；D. Other其他的。根据前文Some chose to drink ____11____ a moment of peace and rest.可知，此处指其他的人的做法。故选D。‎ - 28 -‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：出乎我们意料的是，一个似乎是运动员的敌军士兵加入了我们的游戏。A. expectation预期，预料；B. curiosity好奇；C. question问题；D. order命令。根据语境可知，此处指超出我们的预料。故选A。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：出乎我们意料的是，一个似乎是运动员的敌军士兵加入了我们的游戏。A. officer官员；B. actor演员；C. soldier士兵；D. sportsman运动员。根据后文这个士兵动作的描述可见他的动作很快，应该是好像是一个运动员。故选D。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查情态动词辨析。句意：他总是突然把铁锹举起来，停在那里几秒钟，看看我们能不能打到它，然后再迅速把它拉下来。根据语境及选项分析可知，敌人反复多次重复该动作，此处应使用情态动词would“总是，老是”。故选B。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他总是突然把铁锹举起来，停在那里几秒钟，看看我们能不能打到它，然后再迅速把它拉下来。A. kept保持；B. remained仍然是；C. left剩下；D. pushed推。根据语境可知，此处指那个士兵举起铲子保持几秒，看是否有人打中。故选A。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查代词辨析。句意：每当它出现时，我们的许多士兵就向它射击，但似乎没有人能击中它。A. nobody没有人；B. all总共；C. none没有人；D. any任何的。根据but可知，似乎没有人能击中它。故选C。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，有好大一会儿，铲子比平常倒下的时间长了很多。A. remained仍然是；B. hid 掩藏；C. kept保持；D. fell跌倒。根据后文The soldier, we thought, might have left for a meal or ____19____ else.可知，铲子没有被举起来，保持在下边。故选A。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查代词词义辨析。句意：我们想，那个士兵可能是去吃饭或者有其他的事。A. anything任何事；B. someone某人；C. something一些事；D. nothing没有事。我们认为没有举起铲子可能是对方吃饭或者有其他的事。故选C。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ - 28 -‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当铁锹再次缓缓地出来时，我们感到很失望，这是最后一次，铁锹上缠着绷带。A. suddenly突然地；B. frequently频繁地；C. quickly快速地；D. slowly慢慢地。根据语境可知，此处指当铁锹再一次慢慢地出来时，我们看到铲子的四周缠着绷带。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第3小题，根据前文A fierce battle had lasted a whole day ___2___ our soldiers made a breakthrough.可知，最终我军设法占领了敌人的前线。A. Eventually最终；B. Nearly几乎；C. Absolutely明显地；D. Quickly快速地。故选A。‎ 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ When Spain hosted the FIBA Basketball World Cup in 2014, the country, ___41___ ten men who had played in the NBA, had the best lineup (阵容) in its basketball history. However, Spain ___42___(defeat) by France in the quarterfinal.‎ Five years ___43___ (late) with some aging stan and just six players with NBA experience, Spain had nothing close to the expectations of 2014. Maybe that helped. The Spanish team won the gold medal.‎ This success, as Bleacher Reporter put ___44___ , would serve to inspire yet another generation of hardwood hopefuls in a country that already ranks among the most sports-crazed in all of Europe, ___45___, in tum, help Spain to challenge US Supremacy (权威) in basketball.”‎ The US is always among the ___46___ (favour) in international basketball events, thanks to the high level of ___47___ (compete) in its professional league. ____48____the US side lost the 2019 World Cup quarterfinal to France, ___49___ (mark) the country's first international basketball match without a gold medal since 2006.‎ This is a blow to the US. Many blamed the lack of star players for the loss. But this may be a sign _____50_____ the basketball universe is changing. If there's one lesson to be learned from the US's failure, it's that the other countries had invested more this time.‎ ‎【答案】41. with ‎ - 28 -‎ ‎42. was defeated ‎ ‎43. later 44. it ‎ ‎45. and 46. favo(u)rites ‎ ‎47. competition ‎ ‎48. However ‎ ‎49. marking ‎ ‎50. that ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。美国在国际篮球赛事中一直是最受欢迎的国家之一， 美国队在2019年世界杯四分之一决赛中输给法国。作者从美国的失败中可以学到一个教训——那就是其他国家这次投入了更多。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：2014年，当西班牙举办国际篮联篮球世界杯时，这个拥有10名曾在NBA打过球球员的国家拥有该国篮球历史上最好的阵容。with是表示“有”，此处意为“有十人效力过NBA”，作定语。故填with。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查时态及语态。句意：然而，西班牙在四分之一决赛中被法国击败。本句中是表示当时被对方打败，所以用过去时的被动语态。故填was defeated。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：五年之后，只剩一些上了年纪的老粉丝，和仅有的6名有NBA经验的球员，这与2014年的预期相差甚远。“时间段+later”是固定结构“……之后”，此处指“五年之后”故填later。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查固定结构。句意：正如《看台记者》所说，这将有助于激发一代又一代的希望之星，在这个已经跻身全欧洲最狂热体育运动之列的国家，并帮助西班牙挑战美国在篮球领域的霸主地位。固定结构：as…put it是“正如某人所说”。故填it。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：正如《看台记者》所说，这将有助于激发一代又一代的希望之星，在这个已经跻身全欧洲最狂热体育运动之列的国家，并帮助西班牙挑战美国在篮球领域的霸主地位。空格前后句子是并列顺承关系，应使用并列连词and。故填and。‎ - 28 -‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：由于美国职业联赛的高水平竞争，在国际篮球赛事中，美国总是最受欢迎的球队之一。根据句意可知，此处指“受欢迎的众多队伍”，应用名词的复数形式。故填favo(u)rites。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：由于美国职业联赛的高水平竞争，在国际篮球赛事中，美国总是最受欢迎的球队之一。此处需要用名词competition表抽象意义，指“竞争”，不可数形式。故填competition。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：然而，在2019年世界杯四分之一决赛中，美国队输给了法国队，这是该国自2006年以来首次在国际篮球赛中没有金牌。空格前后是转折关系，应使用转折副词however。故填However。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在2019年世界杯四分之一决赛中，美国队输给了法国队，这是该国自2006年以来首次在国际篮球赛中没有金牌。此处与前面描述的事情是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词在句中做状语，表示“表明……，标志着”。故填marking。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查同位语从句。句意：但这可能是篮球世界正在改变的一个迹象。此处引导的是名词sign的同位语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，应使用无实义、只起连接作用的that引导。故填that。‎ 第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节短文改错（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有10处语言错误，每句中最多右两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏了符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下而写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Dear Lily,‎ - 28 -‎ With New Year drawing near, I come to send you this potted orchid as a gift, only be told that you happened to be out. So I left you this note to oiler you some tips on how to attend to a plant.‎ The orchid, which it is known as a symbol of a real gentleman, are a kind of flower popular among Chinese. The orchid prefers loose soil, thus allow water, air and roots to pass through the soil free. This flower doesn't need too much water, so don’t water it too often, and its roots will rot. Cut off the dead leaf in time, especially those damaged by worms, in case they affect the healthy ones.‎ I sincerely hope this potted orchid can bring me joy, health and happiness. Happy New Year!‎ Yours, ‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】1. come→came ‎2. only后加to ‎3. a→the ‎4. 去掉which后的it ‎5. are→is ‎6. allow→allowing ‎7. free→freely ‎8. and改or ‎9. leaf→leaves ‎10. me→you ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一则留言。新年快到了，李华给莉莉送了一盆兰花作为礼物，没想到莉莉正好出去了。所以他给莉莉留了这张便条，告诉她一些照料植物的技巧。‎ ‎【详解】1.考查时态。句意：新年快到了，我来送你这盆兰花作为礼物，却被告知你正好外出了。根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去的动作，应使用一般过去时。故come改为came。‎ - 28 -‎ ‎2.考查非谓语动词。句意：新年快到了，我来送你这盆兰花作为礼物，却被告知你正好外出了。only to do做结果状语时，表示意料之外的结果。故only后加to。‎ ‎3.考查冠词。句意：所以我给你留了这张便条，告诉你一些照料这种植物的方法。此处特指送给莉莉的兰花，应使用定冠词。故a改为the。‎ ‎4.考查定语从句。句意：兰花，被认为是真正绅士的象征，是中国流行的一种花。此处非限定性定语从句，which做从句的主语，it明显多余。故去掉which后的it。‎ ‎5.考查主谓一致。句意：兰花，被认为是真正绅士的象征，是中国流行的一种花。which引导的是非限定性定语从句，主句主语是The orchid，此处是主句系动词，应使用单数形式。故are改为is。‎ ‎6.考查非谓语动词。句意：兰花喜欢松散的土壤，因此水、空气和根可以自由地通过土壤。此处与loose soil是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词做状语，表主动。故allow改为allowing。‎ ‎7.考查副词。句意：兰花喜欢松散的土壤，因此水、空气和根可以自由地通过土壤。此处修饰pass through，应使用副词形式。故free改为freely。‎ ‎8. 考查连词。句意：这种花不需要太多的水，所以不要经常浇水，否则它的根会腐烂。根据句意可知，此处应使用连词or“否者”。故and改or。‎ ‎9. 考查名词。句意：及时把枯叶剪掉，特别是被虫子咬坏的，以防影响健康的叶子。leaf“叶子”是可数名词，根据语境可知，此处指那些“枯叶”，应使用复数形式。故leaf改为leaves。‎ ‎10. 考查代词。句意：我衷心希望这盆兰花能带给你快乐、健康和幸福。根据语境可知，此处指“带给你快乐、健康和幸福”。故me改为you。‎ 第二节书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎52.假定你是李华，你和你的同学们都即将面临高中毕业，大学择校的重要时刻。你的美国好友Laura想知道影响你们择校的因素，因此请你做了一份调査。‎ 请你回复邮件，告诉他一部分同学看重大学的知名度，另一部分同学更看重所选大学是否有喜欢的专业。请简述两种观点及其原因，并询问Laura血的看法。‎ 注意：1、词数120左右；‎ ‎2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Laura,‎ - 28 -‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Lihua ‎【答案】Dear Laura，‎ How is everything going recently? In your previous letter, you asked me to make a survey on factors that influence Senior Three students’ choice of universities. The results are as follows.‎ A part of the students surveyed say they would take the school’s reputation into consideration first, because they hold the view that the higher the school’s reputation is, the easier for them to find an ideal job after graduation. Another part of the students, who think only when they are learning what you are keen on can they be devoted to it, put the major in the first place.‎ Well, they're our opinions and could you please tell me how you weigh different factors when choosing the suitable university.‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours，‎ Lihua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封信件；假定你是李华，你和你同学们都即将面临高中毕业，大学择校的重要时刻。你的美国好友Laura想知道影响你们择校的因素，因此请你做了一份调査。请你回复邮件，告诉他一部分同学看重大学的知名度，另一部分同学更看重所选大学是否有喜欢的专业。请简述两种观点及其原因，并询问Laura血的看法。人称使用第三人称。时态应为一般过去时和一般现在时。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：make a - 28 -‎ ‎ survey(做调查)，factors(因素)，the school’s reputation(学校知名度)，the major (专业)，suitable university(适合的大学)等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如定语从句In your previous letter, you asked me to make a survey on factors that influence Senior Three students’ choice of universities.；宾语从句、原因状语从句及“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构A part of the students surveyed say they would take the school’s reputation into consideration first, because they hold the view that the higher the school’s reputation is, the easier for them to find an ideal job after graduation.全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，过渡词及短语more importantly，therefore，in addition的使用，使得文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ - 28 -‎ ‎ ‎ - 28 -‎