【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词：with复合结构和独立主结构学案（3页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词：with复合结构和独立主结构学案（3页）

‎2018届二轮复习 非谓语动词：with复合结构和独立主结构 With复合结构 With + 复合结构”又称为“with结构”，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随，方式，原因，条件等状语。具体结构如下：‎ ‎1. with＋宾语＋名词 He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl．他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。‎ ‎2. With +　名词 + 介词短语 ‎ She said good-bye with tears in her eyes． 她含着眼泪说了声再见。 He was asleep with his head on his arms． 他头枕着胳膊睡着了。 ‎ ‎3．with + 名词 + 形容词　（强调名词的特性或状态）‎ He often sleeps with the windows open．他常开着窗睡觉。 Don’t speak with your mouth full．不要满嘴巴食物说话。‎ ‎4. With +　名词 + 副词 He stood before his teacher with his head down．他低着头站在老师面前。 He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on．他和衣躺在床上。 ‎ ‎5. With + 名词 + -ed 分词 （强调名词是 -ed分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生）‎ He sat there with his eyes closed．他闭目坐在那儿。 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked．‎ 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。‎ ‎6. with + 名词 + -ing分词（强调名词是 -ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作，状态正在进行）‎ He fell asleep with the lamp burning．他没熄灯就睡着了。 I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill．‎ 因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。 ‎ ‎7. with + 名词 + to do （不定式动作尚未发生）‎ I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash．要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。 With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish it in time．‎ 有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成 独立主格结构 英语中，独立主格结构的形式是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。独立主格结构在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。‎ ‎1. 名词 / 代词 + 不定式。如：‎ A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。‎ Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。‎ ‎2. 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词。如：‎ The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。‎ Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。‎ ‎3. 名词 / 代词 + 动词的过去分词。如：‎ His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。‎ ‎4. 名词 / 代词 + 形容词。如：‎ The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。‎ ‎5. 名词 / 代词 + 副词。如：‎ The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后，我们都出去玩。‎ ‎6. 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语。如(from www.hxen.com)：‎ Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。 ‎ With 结构练习 练习1 选择最佳答案 ‎　　1）With nothing_______to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out.‎ ‎　　A.leaving          B.left 　C.leave               D.to leave ‎　　2）The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes_______on the wall.‎ ‎　　A.fixing          B.fixed C.to be fixing        D.to be fixed ‎　　3）I live in the house with its door_________to the south.（这里with结构作定语）‎ ‎　　A.facing         B.faces C.faced        D.being faced ‎　　4）They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights____.‎ A.burn           B.burnt C.burning          D.to burn 练习2：用with复合结构完成下列句子 ‎　　1）____________________（有很多工作要做），I couldn't go to see the doctor.‎ ‎　　2）She sat____________________（低着头）。‎ ‎　　3）The day was bright______________.（微风吹拂）‎ ‎　　4）_________________________，（心存梦想）he went to Hollywood.‎ 练习3：把下列句子中的划线部分改写成with复合结构。‎ ‎　　1）Because our lessons were over，we went to play football.‎ ‎　　_____________________________.‎ ‎　　2）The children came running towards us and held some flowers in their hands.‎ ‎　　_____________________________.‎ ‎　　3）My mother is ill，so I won't be able to go on holiday.‎ ‎　　_____________________________.‎ ‎　　4）An exam will be held tomorrow，so I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.‎ ‎_____________________________.‎ 独立结构练习 ‎1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home. ‎ A. There was B. There being C. Because there being ‎2. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. ‎ A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting ‎3. _____, we all went home happily. ‎ A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said ‎ C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said ‎ ‎4. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits. ‎ A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather ‎ C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather ‎ ‎5. ____, the bus started at once. ‎ A. The signal was given B. The signal giving ‎ C. The signal given D. When the signal given ‎ ‎6. She stood there, _____ from her cheeks. ‎ A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down ‎ C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down ‎7. ____, the leaves are turning green. ‎ A. When spring coming on B. Spring coming on ‎ C. Spring came on D. Spring being come on ‎8. _____, I had to buy a new one. ‎ A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lost C. My dictionary had been lost D. Because my dictionary lost ‎9. I used to sleep with the window _____. ‎ A. opened B. open C. opening D to open ‎10. ____, the hunter went into the forest. ‎ A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder