2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十二　政治经济（B）

2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十二　政治经济（B）

www.ks5u.com 话题十二　政治经济(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[2020·沈阳市高三教学质量监测(三)] Bikes were invented when people felt the need for stable, fast and efficient vehicles. The idea of making a bike started in the 1790s. It was inspired by a toy.‎ In 1792, it started off as a twowheeled part attached to a rigid wooden frame. People would use their feet to move the bike. However, it wasn't really what people were looking for with a lot of faults. It was a kind of transport highly demanding human energy, and the other problem was the poor stability. The front wheel could not turn so one had to get off the bike to turn it. Therefore, there was a need for it to be improved, but it was not the same person who created it that changed it.‎ In 1820 the bike yet again had a new twist. Not only could the front wheel turn, but it was made more comfortable as a back supporter was secured. But one still had to move it by pushing it by feet on the ground. If one wanted to ride this bike, which was called a “hobby horse” at that time, he should know how to keep his balance. The other impressive thing that had changed was the speed, which increased up to 15 kilometers per hour.‎ Ten years later, there came the bike popular even today. This was invented by a blacksmith who used the idea of a pivot(枢轴)to develop the bike. It did not stop there. People were never satisfied with it because times also did change. As other things were being improved, so were the bikes.‎ Now with everything in place，there is a need to improve on the speed of these bikes. And the idea of it being only humanpowered is out of date. Today bikes have been improved and remodeled but the resemblance to the original bikes is still there.‎ ‎1．What was one of the problems with the first bicycle?‎ A．It was regarded as a toy.‎ B．It had too many wheels.‎ C．It had to be operated with efforts.‎ D．It was too stable to turn the wheel.‎ ‎2．What can we know about the bike from the text?‎ A．The bike popular with us today appeared in about 1830.‎ B．The bike was invented and improved by the same person.‎ C．The bike made in 1820 had to be moved forward by hand.‎ D．The bike was called a “hobby horse” when it first appeared.‎ ‎3．What remains similar in modern bikes compared with those in history?‎ A．The structure. B．The speed.‎ C．The safety. D．The weight.‎ ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．The Development of Bikes B．The Invention of Bikes C．The Impressions on Bikes D．The Problems with Bikes B ‎[2020·河北九校第一次联考]Bitcoin has been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank — or a specific country — is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that: a modern invention.‎ ‎ In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency — and some people there are even hoarding it, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination.‎ ‎ On Malaita, the largest island that's part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange for goods.‎ ‎ “How much tuna(金枪鱼肉) you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape，” Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the city of Auki on Malaita, said. “One string of darker shells might get you about two cans of tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one string might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time.”‎ ‎ There's only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3footlong ropes, are made. The strings of red, white, and black shells all come from the Langa Langa Lagoon. Once trapped out on the islands, the locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.‎ ‎ Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like Bitcoin, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest(投资) in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to keep a bunch of processed, strungtogether shells, but what is a pile of dollars?‎ ‎5．Which of the following can replace “hoarding” underlined in paragraph 2?‎ A．appreciating B．storing C．preparing D．making ‎6．What do Mary Bruno's words indicate?‎ A．Tuna is a popular food for the islanders.‎ B．Red shells are easier to get than darker ones.‎ C．You can use darker shells to buy more things.‎ D．The color and shape determines a shell's value.‎ ‎7．Why is Bitcoin mentioned again in the end?‎ A．To prove Malaita's uniqueness.‎ B．To compare Bitcoin with the shells.‎ C．To suggest people collect shells.‎ D．To show the shells' potential value.‎ ‎8．What does the author intend to tell in the text?‎ A．Shells are used as money on an island.‎ B．Bitcoin is a known modern invention.‎ C．The banking system is gradually changing.‎ D．People on Malaita Island live a cutoff life.‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎[2020·贵州适应性考试] The small habits really damage the wallet. So here's how you could be $ 500 richer or more every month!‎ ‎ ●Make your own coffee ‎ Think about how much you pay for that cafe latte (拿铁咖啡) with special milk each morning. __1__. “When you see these numbers showing the ‘latte effect’ over a lifetime, you may be more inspired to make your own，” says Vera Gibbons, a personal finance expert. You can save $ 100 to $ 150 every month.‎ ‎ ●Bring breakfast and lunch to work ‎ __2__. Therefore, purchasing breakfast and lunch during the week seems like an easy option yet expensive one. Natasha Smith, a personal finance expert, says one certain way to save money is to prepare your meals. “Start by packing a lunch every day instead of eating out to save $ 30 to $ 50 a week.” You can save $ 120 to $ 200 per month.‎ ‎●__3__‎ ‎ “Eating in weekly instead of going out can save $ 20 per person per meal, or more than $ 250 over a couple of months，” says Len Hayduchok, a financial planner. If you meet up with four friends twice a month, that's about $ 100 once right there, not including drinks. __4__.‎ ‎ ●Make your home more energyefficient ‎ Not only will using less gas and electricity save money on your bills, it's good for the environment, too, says Tracy. __5__. Removing ‎ devices when they're not in use and turning off lights are very useful. You can save $ 70 each month.‎ ‎ ●Grow your own vegetables ‎ Grow yourself your own little garden and save money, while also eating healthier. “The more you grow, the more you save，” says Hayduchok. He recommends planting a small piece of land in your yard or sunny spot in your home.‎ ‎　A．Eat more healthily and cheaply B．It starts your day more effectively C．We are all in a rush in the morning D．You can save about $ 200 each month E．Invite friends over instead of going out F．You can make your own for 20 cents per cup G．There are a few painless ways to cut your bill Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎[2020·合肥市高三调研性检测]‎ A Relay Event Brings Diverse Cultures Together ‎ ‎ When Herman Kambugu received the good news he was expecting, he did something unusual. He ran for 32km in 1.________ (celebrate). Kambugu, who works for the Standard Chartered Bank (StanChart) in Uganda, was among the over 86,000 employees around the world who had attempted 2.________ (take) part in a relay across Belt and Road countries as a way to see how the Belt and Road Initiative(“一带一路”倡议)is developing. Kambugu and seven more of his coworkers in StanChart's offices around the world visited 44 destinations along the Belt and Road routes, 3.________ helped them understand the initiative better.‎ ‎ Kambugu 4.________ (witness) how the Belt and Road Initiative is changing life for 5.________ better in East Africa so far. “The MombasaNairobi Railway has not only shortened transportation time, but also created over 20,000 jobs for local people in Kenya，” he said. Serena Leung from the Hong Kong office said 6.________ she had seen during her journey impressed 7.________ (she). In some places, people greetedthem in Mandarin. They spoke it 8.________ (fluently) than some people from Hong Kong, she said jokingly.‎ ‎ “By running together, we run further，” added Therese Neo, a customer manager from the Singapore office. As she saw it, the countries 9.________ (participate) in the Belt and Road Initiative were like the 10.________ (runner). When they join forces, they have a better shared future.‎ 话题十二　政治经济(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：自行车的发展 ‎【文章大意】　本文主要介绍了自行车的历史发展过程及现状。‎ ‎【高级句式】　Not only could the front wheel turn, but it was made more comfortable as a back supporter was secured. (Para. 3)‎ ‎ 分析：本句含有“not only...but(also)．..”句型，意为“不但……而且……”，其中Not only置于句首，其所属的分句要部分倒装。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“People would use their feet to move the bike”和“It was a kind of transport highly demanding human energy”可知，最初的自行车需要费很大的力气才能使它运转，故选C。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“In 1820 the bike yet again had a new twist”和第四段第一句“Ten years later, there came the bike popular even today”可知，至今仍受欢迎的自行车大约出现于1830年。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第五段最后一句“Today bikes have been improved and remodeled but the resemblance to the original bikes is still there”可知，现在的自行车和历史上的自行车在结构上仍然相似。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：A　考查标题判断。根据全文内容，尤其是文中的“The idea of making a bike started in 1790s”“In 1792”“In 1820”“Ten years later”“Today”等信息点可知，这篇文章主要介绍了自行车的历史发展过程。‎ B 体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：以贝壳为流通货币 ‎ 【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文，讲述了马莱塔岛(所罗门群岛中的一个大岛)至今仍以贝壳为流通货币的情况。‎ ‎ 【难句分析】　Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today.‎ ‎ 分析：这是一个由but连接的并列句，第一个分句中动名词短语Using shells for money作主语，第二个分句中in that的意思是“因为”，此处同because。‎ ‎ 译文：直到20世纪初，在太平洋岛屿上把贝壳当钱用都很常见，但马莱塔岛是独一无二的，因为在该岛上贝壳如今依然被当钱使用。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：B　考查词义猜测。依据下文的“convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination”可以推断出，有些人甚至储存这样的贝壳，他们相信将来会发财，故选B项。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。依据第四段的“How much tuna(金枪鱼肉)you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape”可知，你用贝壳能换得多少金枪鱼肉取决于你的贝壳的颜色和形状，即贝壳的颜色和形状决定了它的价值，故选D项。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：D　考查写作意图。分析作者的行文手法可知，作者在第一段提到比特币是为了引出马莱塔岛上的贝壳货币，依据最后一段中的“And just like Bitcoin, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest(投资)in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades”可知，作者在最后一段再次提到比特币是为了说明贝壳货币像比特币一样有升值的空间和潜力，故选D项。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：A　考查主旨大意。虽然作者在第一段和尾段提到了比特币，但通读全文可以发现，作者主要讲述的不是比特币的形成、使用等，而是讲述了马莱塔岛至今以贝壳为流通货币这一情况，故选A项。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 体裁：说明文　题材：日常生活　主题：如何在日常生活中省钱 ‎ 【文章大意】　在日常生活中，通过自己动手制作咖啡、自带食物上班、自己栽种蔬菜等方式，可以节省部分开支。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：F　根据空前一句“Think about how much you pay for that cafe latte(拿铁咖啡) with special milk each morning”可知，每日买一杯拿铁咖啡，可能要花一笔钱，但是我们可以自己制作拿铁咖啡，达到省钱的目的，故选F。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：C　根据该段小标题Bring breakfast and lunch to work以及空后的“Therefore”及语境可知，之所以购买早餐与午餐，是因为早上时间比较紧，没法自己准备；故选C。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：E　根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，空处为本段的小标题。根据该段的内容，尤其是“If you meet up with four friends twice a month”可知，该部分讲述的是可以邀请朋友在家里吃饭，而不是外出就餐。故选E。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：D　根据该段内容可知，该段主要讲在家吃饭比外出吃饭要省钱；又根据本段最后一句中的“twice a month，that's about $ 100 once right there, not including drinks”可知，D项符合语境。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：G　该空前一句讲的是节能的好处，空后讲的是具体在哪些方面可以节能省钱，故G项承上启下，符合语境。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 体裁：记叙文　主题语境：人与社会——文化——奔越“一带一路”沿途国家的接力赛 ‎ 【文章大意】　为领略“一带一路”倡议的发展，银行职员Herman Kambugu和他的同事参加了奔越“一带一路”沿途国家的接力赛。通过这项活动，他们深刻体会到“一带一路”倡议让参与国的人民的生活更美好。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：celebration　考查词形转换。介词后常接名词或动名词，根据空前的介词in可知，空处应填名词celebration。该句意为：他跑了32公里以示祝贺。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：to take　考查固定用法。attempt to do sth.为固定用法，意为“尝试做某事”。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，先行词为空前的整个主句，故用which引导该定语从句。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：has witnessed　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“so far”可知，该句应用现在完成时；由该句主语Kambugu可知，主语为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。此处表示使生活变得更好，for the better“有所好转”为固定搭配，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：what　考查主语从句的引导词。分析该句结构可知，空处引导主语从句，作从句中had seen的宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该主语从句，表示“她所看到的”。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：her　考查代词。空处作及物动词impressed的宾语，故用宾格代词her。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：more ‎ fluently　考查副词的比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知，空处用其比较级，修饰动词spoke，故可知答案。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：participating　考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，the countries和动词participate之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：runners　考查名词的单复数。runner为可数名词，又主语the countries为复数，故此处表示多个奔跑者，应用复数形式。‎