2020届二轮复习定语从句解析与突破课件（63张）

2020届二轮复习定语从句解析与突破课件（63张）

一、定语从句解析与突破 填适当的关系代词或关系副词. 1. The students ____ are visiting the natural museum are very interested in the dinosaurs. 2.The committee consists of 20 members,5 of _______ are women. 3.The river _________ banks are covered with trees flows into the sea. 4. The books _____ I borrowed from the library was newly published. 5.The library ______ students often study was on fire last night. 6.I’ll never forget the day _________ we first met in the park. why 7.Can you tell me the reason _____you are late for school. who whom whose which hat where when why 考点一 关系代词，关系副词的理解和选择 • 指代人 who，whom，that • 指代事物 which，that • 所属关系 whose，of which • 指地点 where • 指时间 when • 指原因 why • 一.在从句开头引导定语从句。 • 二.替代先行词。且先行词绝不可省，引导词有时 可省（如引导词在从句中作宾语时） • 三.在定语从句中充当成分。 • This is the factory _______I once worked. • This is the factory_________ I’ve visited. • The day _________I always remember is Oct.1 • The day _____Nanjing was liberated is Sep.11. • The reason ____he hasn’t come is that he has been ill. Don’t believe the reason ________he gave you. where that/which that/which when why that/which • 当表时间，地点，原因的名词，如day, time ,place factory, reason等作先行词， 在定语从句中作状语时，用where, when 和why 引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或 宾语时，用that 或which. • 2. Do you know the student who/that left a moment ago? • Do you know the student about whom he’s talking? • He’s the man (that/which/whom) you can depend on. • Do you know the student whose father is an engineer? • The train that/ which has just left is for Hong Kong. • 关系代词引导定语从句修饰人并在 从句中作主语时用who/that, 在从 句中作宾语时用who, whom, that 或省略关系词，但在介词后只能用 whom 引导从句并修饰物时用 which 或that; 在从句中作定语指 人或物表“……的”时用whose. • 3. This is the very magazine (that) I am after. • You can take any book you like. •That 和 which 在引导定语从句指物时， 如果先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级例 时，或先行词本身是不定代词，如all, everything, nothing, none等时，或先行 词被the only, the very, just the , any 等 修饰时不用which 用that • 1.Some pre-school children go to a day care center, ______ they learn simple games and songs. • A.while B. there C. then D. where • 2.The village has developed a lot________ we learned farming 2 years ago. • A. when B. which C. that D. where • 3.Do you have anything ________ you don’t understand ? • A. that B. which C. who D. where • 4.Look out! Don’t get too close to the house_______ roof is under repair. • A. whose B. which C. of which D. that • 5.We’re just trying to reach a point_______ both sides will sit down together and talk. • A. where B. that C. when D. which • 6.I walked in our garden, _______Tom and Jim are trying a big sign onto one of the trees. • A. which B. when C. where D. that 考点二 定语从句与别的从句或强调结构的区别 定语从句与非谓语动词的重叠考查 定语从句与强调句型的区别两者非常相似， 判断是否是强调结构的方法是采用删除法 E.g. Was it during the Second World War that he died? 为强调结构。 • 例1．--- Where did you get to know her? • --- It was on the farm_______ we worked. • A. that B. there C. Which D. Where • (注:与强调句型的结合.It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her) 2．定语从句或别的从句的区别 ① 定语从句与地点状语从句的区别： 看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语 从句。 Eg. You should leave the toy where you can find. (地点状语) I still remember the bus stop where/at which I met you. （定语从句） ② 定语从句与结果状语从句的区别： 看从句的连接词是否在从句中做成分，做成 分的是定语从句。 Eg. He is such a kind person as everybody likes. (定语从句) He is such a kind person that everybody likes him. ( 结果状语从句 ) ③ 定语从句与同位语从句的区别： 看连接词是否在从句中做成分，做成分的是 定语从句，不做成分而只是表示前面名词的 具体内容的是同位语从句。 Eg. The news that he had been back surprised us all. (同位语从句) He had to settle the problem which they left. (定语从句) 例2 ______ a terrible storm would take place in Hainan. A. Words came which B. Word came that C. Word that came D. Words came that （同位语从句的分割现象。that 后引导的从 句与word的同位语） 3．非谓语动词在定语从句中的应用。 There is nothing more I can try ______ you to say, so I wish you good luck. A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade （即时巩固练习） 1.It was for this reason ______ her uncle moved out of new York and settled down in the small village. A. which B. why C. that D. how 2. There is feeling in me ______ we’ll never know what a UFO is ----not ever. • A. that B. which C. of which D. what 考点三 介词+关系代词引导定语从句 时介词或 关系代词的选择 1.引导定语从句时，能用于介词+关系代词引 导定语从句的代词只有which和whom。选择 的依据如下： ① 介词与定语从句的先行词或动词，形容词是习惯 性搭配。 Eg. The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? Ours is a beautiful country, of which we are greatly proud. ② 表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时，用介 词of Eg. There are over 3.000 workers, eighty percent of whom are women. 2. 当引导词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，介词可 以提前放在which或when前，也可放于原来的 位置，但在含有动词固定词组中，介词只能放于 原来的位置。 Eg. This is the room which/that Luxun used to live in. = This is the room in which Luxun used to live. The man who/whom/that I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. = The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 但This is the person who/whom/that you are looking for. 这一句中for不可提前，因为look for 是短语动词。 例1． Eric received training in computer for one year, ______ he found a job in a big company. A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this （即时巩固练习） 1.I was given three books on cooking, the first______ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which 2. He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 考点四: as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 as和which都可指代主句中的一部分或整个句子 内容, 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,一般情况下 互换. Eg: This elephant is like a snake, as/which anybody 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 can see. 　　　　　　　　　　　　(宾语) He left her, as/which was strange. 　　　　　　　(主语) His lessons are interesting, as/which indeed they are. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(表语) 　 注意下列情况下只能用as ① 放在句首时只能用as ② 表示“正如，正像”之意时，只能用as 　He agreed to the plan, as could be expected. 　比较下面两句子： 　He got married again ,as we expected.(预料之中) He got married again ,which we did not expect. 　　　　　　　　　　　(预料之外) ③ as可用于类似插入语的句式中, which 不能 eg: as is said above, as is known to all, as it is等 例1．The Beatles, _______many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. A. what B. that C. how D. as 例2. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ______ can be very eye -opening and rewarding. A. who B. which C. what D. that 例3. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it 例4. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 考点五: 关系代词作主语时谓语中数的判断 Who, which ,that 的数应以先行词的数而定， 从句中谓语 动词应与先行词的单复数一致。 I talked with the boy who swims fastest in your school. All the boys who are now swimming in the river are from Wuhan. He is one of the teachers who know English well. He is only one of the teachers who knows English well. 例1.(02上海春)He is the only one of the students who______ a winner of scholarship for three years A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 考点六：几种较为复杂的定语从句 1.way后面的定语从句 Please tell me the way (that/in which) you did the job. ２. the same….as/that…. 与Such….as/that….. This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. (同类异物) This is the same bag that I lost yesterday. (同物) He is such a funny sort of person as I don’t understand at all. 　( as引导定语从句，在从句中作成分) 　He is such a funny sort of person that I don’t understand him at all. 　( that引导状语从句，且不在从句中作成分) 例1．（04湖北）What surprised me most was not what he said but_____ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which （即时巩固练习） 1. My hometown is not the same______ it used to be . A. like B. as C. that D. which 2. We will give you such data_____ will help you in your work. A. who B. that C. as D. which 3. He answered with the same simplicity______ he asked. A. like B. as C. which D. unlike 易错点一： 1.不能透彻地理解“关系词”具有的三种功能。 　①在从句开头引导一个定语从句； 　②指代或替代“先行词”且先行词不能省略，引 导词有时可省； 　③在定语从句中作适当成分 2.不注意介词+关系代词引导定语从句时介词的习 惯搭配。 ①介词与定语从句的先行词是习惯性搭配 ②介词与定语从句的动词是习惯性搭配 ③介词与定语从句的形容词是习惯性搭配 ④表示“所有格”或“整体与部分”关系时用介 词of 1. Put the book______ it should be when you have finished reading it. A. where B. in which C. at the place D. the place where 2. I can never forget the day______ we worked together and the day_____ we spent together. A. when, which B. which, when C. what, what D. on which, when 3. The train______ she is traveling is arriving. A. by which B. in which C. that D. which （即时巩固练习） 1. The machines we use today are much better than______ we used ten years ago. A. those B. ones C. which D. them 2. Would you please put the book______ it belongs? A. to whom B. to which C. to that D. where 易错点二：不能区别定语从句与别的从句或结构，　　　　　 极易弄混定语从句与强调结构，定语从句与状语从句 的表语从句之间的区别。 例1．Keep away from such things_____ will do you harm. A. as B. that C. to which D. which （即时巩固练习） 1. He is such a funny sort of person______ I don’t understand at all. A. who B. that C. whom D. as 2. The temperature can fall to -30℃. _______ is 30℃ below freezing point. A. Which B. It C. That D. This 易错点三: 不注意标点符号及句子的结构 1.一般情况下两句话间以逗号连接,则两句话间应 是一种逻辑上的主从关系(特殊情况除外); 另外 that不能引导非限制定语从句’ 例1.Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 例2. _____ is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’time. A. That B. This C. As D. It 2. 不注意句子的结构 例3. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies,_____ over 600 years old. A. all of them B. all of which C. all of it D. none of which 例4. All_____ is needed is a supply of oil. A.不填 B. that C. what D. which （即时巩固练习） 1. In our school there are 2000 students, about two fifths of ______ are girls. A. whom B. who C. which D. them 2. Last night I saw the man______ you said was away. A. who B. whom C. whose D. as 易错点四: 不能准确断句 例1. The rich, for _____ money was not a problem, wanted to stay at an expensive hotel. A. their B. his C. whose D. whom 例2. I can still remember the sitting-room, _____ my brother and I used to sit in the evening. A. which B. when C. that D. where （即时巩固练习） 1. Next winter,______ you will spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be another exciting holiday. A. which B. when C. in which D. where 2. Madam Curie, for_____ life had once been very hard, was successful later. A. whom B. which C. whose D. that 热身过关 1.The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 2. He was so pleased with all we had done for him he wrote us a letter to praise us for it. A. what, what B. what, that C. that, what D. that, that 3. Disney, money was now no problem, started a new film company. A. for whose B. for whom C. for which D. to which B D B 4. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 . A. with which to buy a present to Jim B. by which to buy Jim a present C. With which she could buy a present for Jim D. in which to buy Jim a present 5. The project Wang Lin’s life is one of the many government programms improving the situation for the poorest people in China. A. that has saved, aiming at B. which has saved, aimed at C. which had saved, aimed at D. that saved, aiming at 6. I tried to get out of the business, I found impossible. A. when B. what C. that D. which C B D 7. Early in the 1990s no one had any idea that J.K Rowling had come up with the story of Harry Potter, later became a best seller. A. what B. who C. whom D. which 8. --Did you remember the days we worked on the farm? -- Certainly. Especially the hard times_____ we spent together. A. which, when B. when, which C. when, when D. which, which 9. The project turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect. A. what B. that C. which D. this D B C 10. There are many things in different areas we can do to reduce the possible dangers of AIDS. A. where B. there C. what D. that 11. Mr. White will come to the party on Sunday, he promised to every one of us. A. when B. that C. what D. which 12. Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm few residents had ever experienced before. A. and it was B. as C. which D. that D D B 13. A survey was carried out on the death rate of newborn babies in that area, were surprising. A. as results B. which results C. the results of it D. the results of which 14. The people, had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. A. all whose homes B. all their homes C. all of their homes D. all of whose homes 15. That unforgettable ball was the last happy moment I enjoyed myself. A. when B. that C. which D. where D D A 1.The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___was more than we could expect. A. it B. what C. which D. that 2. I’ll give you my friend home address, ___I can be reached most evenings. A. which B. when C. whom D. where 3.The growing speed of a plan is influenced by a number of factors, ____are beyond our control. A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that • 4.For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ___New York is an example. A. for which B. in which • C. of which D. from which 5.The man pulled out a gold watch, ___were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom • B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of • D. the hands of which 6. Yesterday she sold her car, ___she bought a month ago. A. when B. where C. that D. which 考点: 考查非限制性定语从句 • 7. Animals suffered at the hands of Man ___they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people. • A. in which B. for which • C. so that D. in that • 8. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ___consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. • A. where B. when C. who D. which • 考点: 考查从句的用法 • 9. I used to love that film ___I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more. • A. once B. when C. since D. although • 考点: 考查时间状语从句的连词用法 • 10. Nancy enjoyed herself so much___ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. • A. that B. which C. when D. where • 考点: 考查易混句型的比较 • 11.By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma , ___appeared a rare rainbow soon. • A. of which B. on which • C. from which D. above which • 考点: 本题考查 “介词＋which”引导的定语从句结 构 • 12. All the neighbors admire this family ___the parents are treating their child like a friend. • A. why B. where C. which D. that • 考点: 考查从句和关联词的选用 • 13. The Science Museum, ___we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. • A. which B. what C. that D. where • 考点: 考查定语从句 • 14. They will fly to Washington, ___they plan to stay for two or three days. • A. where B. there C. which D. when • 15. We went through a period___ communication were very difficult in the rural areas. • A. which B. whose • C. in which D. with which • 16. Occasions are quite rare___ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. • A. who B. which C. why D. when • 17. You’d better not leave the medicine___ kids can get at it. • A. even if B. which C. where D. so that • 18. It’s was along the Mississippi River ___Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. • A. how B. which C. that D. where • 考点: 考查英语强调句式 • 19.It was not until midnight ___they reached the camp site. • A. that B. when C. while D .as • 考点: 考查强调句式的用法 • 20. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ___the party is to be held? • A. what B. which C. that D. where • 考点: 考查同位语从句 二、巧解高考英语 从句中的that课件 巧辨that引导的从句类型 • 怎样区分that引导的定语从句、 同位语从句、主语从句和强调结 构呢？可采用“成分法”、“试 加法”、“试减法”、“还原法 ”。 • 现分述如下： 成分法 •1.定语从句可采用“成分 法”，分析that引导的从 句的句子成分，如that在 从句中充当主语或宾语， 则此从句为定语从句。 例如： • 1)You must do everything that I do. • 2)A plane is a machine that can fly. • 根据“成分法”句1）中充当宾语，句2）中 充当主语。故句1）、2）中that引导的从 句为定语从句。 试加法 • 2.同位语从句可用“试加法”，即在 名词和从句之间加系动词，使该名词 和从句构成一个新的句子。如果句子 通顺、合乎逻辑，那么从句就是同位 语从句。 例如： • 1)We heard the news that our team had won. • 2)The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. • 根据“试加法”，句1）、句2）可改写成： • 3）The news was that our team had won. • 4）The fact was that he had not said anything. • 句子3）、4）通顺，合乎逻辑，故that引导的从句为 同位语从句。 还原法 • 3.主 语 从 句 可 用 “还 原 法 ”， 即 把 that引导的从句调到句首，去掉句首 的It，再加句子剩余部分。如新句子意 思不变，合乎逻辑，则该从句为主语 从句，否则为其他从句。 例如： • 1）It’s a rule that he gets up at six o’clock every morning. • 2）It’s clear that he has finished his homework.. • 按“还原法”句1）、句2）可构成新的句子： • 3）That he gets up at six o’clock every morning is a rule. • 4）That he has finished his homework is clear. • 句子3）、4）意思不变，通顺、合乎逻辑，故 that从句为主语从句。 试减法 • 4.强调结构采用“试减法”，即把句子 中”It be ….that…”的这一框架去掉， 如句子剩余部分（可给以位置上的调整） 意思通顺，合乎逻辑；that则是强调 结构的标志，否则为其他从句。 例如： • 1）It was the goat’s eyes that he had seen in the darkness. • 2）It is you that are wrong. • 根据“试减法”句1）、句2）该成新句子： • 3）He had seen the goat’s eyes in the darkness. • 4）You are wrong. • 句3）、句4）通顺，合乎逻辑，故句1）、句2） 为强调句。 牛刀小试 • 试用上述方法来判断下列句子的类型： • A.宾语从句 B.主语从句 • C.定语从句 D.同位语从句 • 1. I’m surprised (that) I didn’t see all that before. • 2. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. • 3. Where did you get the idea that I could not come? • 4.The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. • 5.They arrived at a farm house in front of which sat a small boy. • 6.I am curious as to what he will say. • 7. That she will refuse the offer of help seems unlikely. 8.I’ll see to it that your problem will be dealt with immediately. 9.It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 10.Word came that Mr.President would come and inspect our school himself. Keys: •1~5ABDCC 6~10ABABD