【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题情态动词学案（12页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题情态动词学案（12页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 情态动词学案　‎ 一、can, could与be able to的用法 ‎①The police still haven't found the lost child, but they're doing all they can.(现在的能力)‎ 警察还没有找到丢失的孩子， 但是他们正在竭尽全力地寻找。‎ ‎②If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem.(将来的能力)‎ 如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。‎ ‎③The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.(过去有能力做并且成功地做了某事)‎ 尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了出去。‎ ‎④I could have worked out the problem, but I was too nervous.(本来有能力做但未做)‎ 我本来可以解决这个问题，但我太紧张了。‎ ‎⑤Can I have a word with you? It won't take long.‎ ‎ (北京高考单选改编)(表示请求)‎ 我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．表示现在的能力：can, am/is/are able to。‎ ‎2．表示将来的能力：will be able to。‎ ‎3．表示过去的能力：could表示过去的能力，不表示是否成功地做了；was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。‎ ‎4．can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。‎ 二、may与might的用法 ‎①You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.‎ 你可以放心，这项工作将提前完成。‎ ‎②—What are you doing this Saturday?‎ ‎—I'm not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert.‎ ‎——本周六你打算干什么？‎ ‎——还说不定，但我可能会去滚石音乐会。‎ ‎③If you think the price of beef is too high, you might as well buy some pork. It depends on you.‎ 如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn't，表示“不可以；禁止；阻止”之意。‎ ‎2．may/might还可以表示推测，意为“可能”。‎ ‎3．“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。‎ 三、must的用法 ‎①That car is my property; you mustn't use it without my permission.‎ 那辆车是我的财产，你必须得到我的允许才能使用。‎ ‎②In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.‎ 在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。‎ ‎③If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.‎ 如果你非要走的话，至少等到暴风雨结束。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．must用于否定句，表示“禁止”，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。‎ ‎2．must表示必要性，意为“必须”。‎ ‎3．must表示偏执、固执，意为“非得，偏要”。‎ 四、need与dare的用法 ‎①As far as I'm concerned, you needn't worry about us now.‎ 就我个人而言，你现在没有必要担心我们。‎ ‎②The figures need to be checked again before we draw a conclusion.‎ 在我们得出结论前，这些数据需要再检查一遍。‎ ‎③How dare you say I'm unfair?‎ 你竟敢说我不公平？‎ ‎④He daren't/doesn't dare (to) speak English before such a crowd.‎ 在这么多人面前他不敢说英语。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．need作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。‎ ‎2．dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。‎ ‎ [点津]　dare和need用作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式；在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。‎ 五、will与would的用法 ‎①The telephone is ringing. Would you please answer it?‎ 电话在响，你能接一下吗？‎ ‎②Due to its great importance, every student in China would do his best to get ready for it, and I am no exception.(四川高考书面表达)‎ 由于它的重要性，在中国每一个学生都会做最好的准备，我也不例外。‎ ‎③I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.‎ 我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。‎ ‎④Every morning he will have a walk along this river.‎ 每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。‎ ‎⑤I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends.‎ 我仍然记得我那幸福的童年，在那时我的母亲常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。‎ ‎2．will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。‎ ‎3．will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。‎ ‎4．would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“‎ 现已无此习惯”的含义。‎ 六、shall, should与ought to的用法 ‎①Henry is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir?‎ 亨利正在门外等着，可以让他进来吗，先生？‎ ‎②You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.‎ 假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。‎ ‎③A true man should be practical as well as farsighted.‎ 一个真正的人不仅要有远见，而且还要讲究实际。‎ ‎④With all his money, he should worry about a little thing like 5 cents!‎ 有那么多钱，他竟然为像5分钱一样的小事而烦恼！‎ ‎⑤You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.‎ 这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。‎ ‎⑥According to the newlymade traffic regulation, whoever drives through a red light shall be fined at least 200 dollars.‎ 根据新的交通法规，不论谁驾车闯红灯，罚款至少200美元。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。‎ ‎2．shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。‎ ‎3．should表示义务、职责等，意为“应该”。‎ ‎4．should可以表示说话人对某事不能理解，有感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会，竟然”。‎ ‎5．ought to表示应该。‎ ‎6．shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的“应该”。‎ 七、情态动词表推测的用法 ‎①It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes. ‎ 我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。‎ ‎②Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the ‎ meeting?‎ 布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？‎ ‎③It couldn't be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.(安徽高考单选改编)‎ 不可能是词汇导致了你习题中的问题，因为你知道很多单词。‎ ‎④—You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.‎ ‎—Well, I don't know. It might do.(北京高考单选改编)‎ ‎——你不需要带伞，不会下雨的。‎ ‎——哦，我不知道，或许会下雨。‎ ‎⑤—Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. ‎ ‎—Ah, good morning. You must be Mrs Peters. ‎ ‎——早上好， 我和人事部的史密斯小姐有约。‎ ‎——啊哈，早上好。那您一定就是皮特斯夫人了。‎ ‎⑥It's said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There shouldn't be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.‎ 据说那个城镇有很多的旅馆，找到住的地方对你来说应该不难。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can't意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。‎ ‎2．may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。‎ ‎3．must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。‎ ‎4．should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。‎ 八、“情态动词＋have done”的用法 ‎①I couldn't have enjoyed myself more — it was a perfect day.(浙江高考单选改编)‎ 我过得非常开心(我不可能过得更愉快了)——这真是完美的一天。‎ ‎②Sorry, I'm late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.‎ 对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。‎ ‎③—Wang Yaping was the second woman to be sent into space in China.‎ ‎—She must have gone through tough training.‎ ‎——王亚平成为第二名被送入太空的中国女性。‎ ‎——她肯定受过艰苦的训练。‎ ‎④Mark needn't have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.‎ 马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ 情态动词＋have done 用　法 must have done 一定做过某事，其否定形式为can't/couldn't have done can/could have done ‎1.本来能够做但却未做 ‎2．可能做过某事 can't/couldn't have done 不可能做过某事 may/might have done 或许/可能做过某事 should/ought to have done 本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了 needn't have done 做了本没有必要做的事情 常考点一：情态动词表推测的用法 ‎1．(2016·浙江高考)George ________ too far. His coffee is still warm.‎ A．must have gone　　　　　　　 B．might have gone C．can't have gone D．needn't have gone 解析：选C　句意：乔治不可能走得太远。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can't have done是对过去的否定推测；must have done“过去一定做了某事”；might have done“过去可能做了某事”；needn't have done“过去本不必做某事”。故选C。‎ ‎2．(2015·陕西高考)You ________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.‎ A．should B．need C．shall D．may 解析：选D　句意：你或许觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百确定，你以后会为你这么做了而心存感激的。由句中的but及后一分句中的a hundred percent sure可知，此处表示语气不强烈的推测，故用may。‎ ‎3．(2015·重庆高考)You ________ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.‎ A．must B．can C．will D．shall 解析：选A　句意：你一定是卡萝尔。这么多年你一点都没有变化。根据后文的“You haven't changed a bit”可知，说话者完全认出了卡萝尔，猜测的语气非常肯定，因此选择must, must用在肯定句中表示语气非常肯定的推测，意为“一定，想必”。can用在否定句中表示把握非常大的推测；will表意愿、倾向或临时决定做某事；shall用于第二、三人称表命令、威胁、警告、许诺。‎ 常考点二：情态动词的非推测性用法 ‎4．(2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.‎ A．must B．should C．can D．need 解析：选C　句意：塞缪尔是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻松地够到书架顶层上的书。根据句意可知，此处表示能力，故选C项。‎ ‎5．(2017·天津高考)My room is a mess, but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.‎ A．daren't B．shouldn't C．needn't D．mustn't 解析：选C　句意：我的房间里乱糟糟的，不过我今天晚上出门之前没必要打扫，我可以(明天)早晨打扫。根据空后的“I can do it in the morning.”及句意可知，空格处表示“没有必要”，因此选C。‎ ‎6．(2016·天津高考)It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.‎ A．wouldn't B．couldn't C．shouldn't D．needn't 解析：选B　句意：这真是令人生气；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。couldn't“不能”，符合语境。wouldn't“不愿意”；shouldn't“不应该”；needn't“不必”。‎ ‎7．(2016·北京高考) I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.‎ A．needn't B．mustn't C．wouldn't D．shouldn't 解析：选A　句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。needn't“没有必要”，符合语境。‎ ‎8．(上海高考)The new law states that people ________ drive after drinking alcohol.‎ A．wouldn't B．needn't C．won't D．mustn't 解析：选D　句意：新法律声明人们不准酒后驾车。mustn't“不准”，表示禁止。‎ 常考点三：“情态动词＋have done”的用法 ‎9．(2015·天津高考)I ________ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.‎ A．mightn't B．mustn't C．needn't D．couldn't 解析：选C ‎　句意：来新学校之前我本没有必要担心，因为这里的同班同学对我很友好。此处表示没有必要，故用needn't。needn't have done“本没必要做”。mightn't have done“可能没做过”；没有mustn't have done这一用法；couldn't have done“不可能做过”。‎ ‎10．(2015·福建高考)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.‎ ‎—Oh, it's too bad. You ________ have made full preparations.‎ A．must B．can C．would D．should 解析：选D　句意：“对不起，妈妈！我工作面试又失败了。”“哦，太糟糕了。你本应该做充足的准备。”must have done sth.“一定已经做了某事”，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；can/would have done sth.“可能已经做了某事”；should have done sth.“本应该做某事(实际并未做)”。根据句意可知should正确。‎ ‎11．(2014·陕西高考)My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who ________ have taken it?‎ A．need B．must C．should D．could 解析：选D　句意：我的书《哈迪斯之屋》丢了。谁可能拿走了它？根据句子的意思，表示对过去某事的推测，由于在疑问句中，故要用could have done。need have done sth.“本需要做某事却没有做”；must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定做过”，常用于肯定句；should have done sth.“本应该做某事而没有做”。故答案为D。‎ ‎12．(江苏高考)—Happy birthday!‎ ‎—Thank you! It's the best present I ________ for.‎ A．should have wished B．must have wished C．may have wished D．could have wished 解析：选D　句意：“生日快乐！”“谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。”could have wished意为“可能希望”，符合句意。‎ ‎13．(江苏高考)—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.‎ ‎—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ________ it.‎ ‎ A．will have stolen B．might have stolen C．should have stolen D．must have stolen 解析：选B　从对话情景可知他们在谈论过去的可能性：有人可能把手提包偷走了。因此选择might have stolen。‎ 单项填空 ‎1．France has recently passed a law that says all supermarkets ________ donate all of their unsold products to charities.‎ A．may　　　　　　　　　 B．should C．will D．shall 解析：选D　句意：法国最近通过了一条法律：所有的超市必须把未出售的商品捐赠给慈善机构。shall用在条约、规章、法令等文件中，表示必然结果，多用于第二、三人称，常意为“必须”。符合题意。‎ ‎2．—How long do you think the project will take?‎ ‎—I'd say about three months, but it ________ take longer if something unexpected happened.‎ A．could B．can C．must D．will 解析：选A　句意：“你认为这项计划要花多长时间？”“我想说三个月左右，可如果事情出乎意料的话需要更长的时间。”could表示“可能性”，语气比can更加委婉，不太确定；must意为“一定”，表示肯定的推测；will意为“将要”，表示可能性很大的推测。根据句意可知应选A项。‎ ‎3．He was greatly shocked at Donald Trump's taking office. Never did he expect that the voters ________ be so unreasonable.‎ A．should B．could C．would D．might 解析：选A　句意：他对唐纳德·特朗普的就职大为震惊。他从来没料到选民会如此不理智。四个情态动词中只有should意为“竟然；竟会”，表示惊讶。故选A项。‎ ‎4．—Sherry rang to say she was too busy to come.‎ ‎—Well, she ________ say that. She is always making excuses.‎ A．mustn't B．would C．needn't D．should 解析：选B　句意：“Sherry打电话说她太忙来不了。”“嗯，她会那样说，她总是找借口。”would表示过去习惯性动作，符合题意。故选B项。mustn't“不准，禁止”；needn't“不需要”；should“应该；竟然”。‎ ‎5．(2018·扬州高三期末考试)—Can I pay the bill by check?‎ ‎—Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment ________ be made in cash.‎ A．should B．need C．must D．shall 解析：选D　句意：“我可以用支票支付吗？”“对不起，先生。我们旅馆的管理规定是必须用现金支付。”情态动词shall在陈述句中用于第二、三人称可表示命令、规定等。故选D项。‎ ‎6．(2018·南通、徐州高三联考) —I will furnish your room with the best computer.‎ ‎—You ________. I prefer a bookshelf to do some reading in my spare time.‎ A．needn't B．mustn't C．can't D．shouldn't 解析：选A　句意：“我将为你的房间配置最好的电脑。”“没有必要。我更需要一个书架，闲暇时可以读读书。”A项表示“没有必要”；B项表示“禁止”；C项表示“不能”；D项表示“不应该”。根据语境可知，答案选A项。‎ ‎7．(2018·常州市高三期末考试)—What do you think we can do for our aged parents?‎ ‎—We ________ do anything except to be with them and be ourselves.‎ A．mustn't B．oughtn't to C．don't have to D．can't 解析：选C　句意：“你认为我们能为年迈的父母做些什么？”“我们什么都不必做，只需要陪着他们以及做好我们自己。”don't have to“没必要，不必”。‎ ‎8．(2018·南通、徐州高三联考) I ________ worry about my weekend — I always have my plans ready before it comes.‎ A．can't B．mustn't C．daren't D．needn't 解析：选D　句意：我不必担心自己的周末，我总是在周末到来之前就做好了计划。由句意可知，此处表示“没有必要，不必”，故选needn't。can't“不可能；不能够”；mustn't“不许，禁止”；daren't“不敢”。‎ ‎9．(2018·苏州市高三期中考试)—It was such a difficult examination that a lot of students were unable to finish it on time.‎ ‎—That's the case. It's hard to accept the fact that over 90% of my classmates ________.‎ A．should fail B．should have failed C．will fail D．may fail 解析：选B　句意：“这是如此难的考试以至于很多学生不能准时完成它。”“是这样的。超过90%的同学竟然没有通过，这个事实让人难以接受。”should have done有两种含义，一种是“本来应该做某件事”，还有一种含义是“居然已经做了某件事”。‎ ‎10．(2018·常州市高三期末考试)You ________ bring your identification when you open a bank account.‎ A．may B．can C．must D．will 解析：选C　句意：开银行账户时你必须带着你的身份证明。根据常识可知，带身份证明是开银行账户必须的条件，故must“必须”，符合题意。‎