高考英语语法精讲精练-介词和介词短语

高考英语语法精讲精练-介词和介词短语

2012 届新课标高三第二轮专题讲解 介词英语中称为“preposition”是由“前缀 pre-（在……前部）+position（位置）”构成 的，所以又叫前置词。一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。介词是虚词，主要用来表示人、 物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法 等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动 名词（或动名词 短语）、名词性从句等。 分类 特点 例词 简单介词 即一个介词 about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on 等等。 合成介词 由两个介词构成合成 词 into, onto, throughout, upon, within 短语介词 由短语构成 according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to 等等。 双重介词 由两个介词搭配而成 from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 等等。 分词介词 由现在分词转化而来 considering( 就 …… 而论), including ， regarding ， concerning 等。 兼类介词 由形容词直接转化而 来 like, unlike, near, next, opposite 等等。 介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中 充当一个成分， 表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。 介词短语的功 例 句 能 作定语 They didn’t find the solution to the problem. 作状语 We have breakfast at seven.（表时间） They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因） What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法） Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件） 作表语 When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home. 作宾语补足语 I found the old building in a bad condition. 介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法跟冠词一样复杂。但根据近 年来高考命题的情况来看，考生需要掌握以下内容。 1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别 表示的概 念 介词（短语） 区 别 例 子 时间[来源:Z,xx,k.Com] in on at at 在一个时间点上；[来源:学科网 ZXXK][来源:Z§ xx§k.Com] in 在一段的时间之内； on 在具体日子。[来源:学科网] ①at 8 o’clock, at noon ②in the 1990s, in January ③on Monday, on a warm morning[来源:学科 网] since from since 指从过去到现在的 一段时间，和完成时连用； from 指从时间的某一点开 始。 ①We have not seen each other since 1995. ②I hope to do morning exercises from today. in, after in 指在一段时间之后，也 可 以 指 一 段 时 间 之 内 =within； after 表示某一具体时间点 之后或用在过去时的一段 时间中。 ①We’ll be back in three days. ②After seven the rain began to fall. ③ What shall we do after graduation? in the end at the end of by the end of in the end 作“最后”、 “终于”解，单独作句子成 分，后不接介词 of；at the end of 表示“ 在 …… 末 梢”，“到……尽头”，既 可指时间，也可以指地上或 物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作 “ 在 …… 结束 ①In the end they reached a place of safety. ②At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden. ③They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week. ④By the end of last month he had finished the novel. 时”，“到……末为止” 解，只能指时间。不可单独 使用。 位置 between among 一般说来，between 表示两 者之间，among 用于三者或 三者以上的中间。 ①You are to sit between your father and me. ②He is always happy among his classmates. 注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或 东西， 强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一 些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两 边时以及在谈事物间的差别时，就用 between。 ①Agreements were made between the different countries. ②The little valley lies between high mountains. ③They don’t know the difference between wheat, rice and coin. in on to in 表示在某范围内； on 指与什么毗邻； to 指在某环境范围之外。 ①Changchun is in the northeast of China. ② Mongolia is on the north of China. ③Japan is to the east of China. on in on 只表示在某物的表面 上，而用 in 表示占去某物 一部分。 ①There is a book on the piece of paper. ② There is an interesting article in the newspaper. ③ He dug a hole in the wall. in into in 通常表示位置（静态）； into 表示动向，不表示目 的地或位置。 ①We walked in the park. ②We walked into the park. through across through 表示从内部通过， 与 in 有关；across 则表示 从一端至另一端在表面上 的通过，与 on 有关。 ①Water flows through the pipe. ②The old man walked across the street. in the corner on the corner at the corner in the corner 表示在角落 里，in 指角的内面；on the corner 表示“在角上”，on 指的不是内面，也不是外 面，而含内外兼有之意； at the corner 指“在拐角 处”，at 指的是拐角外附近 的外面。 ①The lamp stands in the corner of the room. ②I met with him at the street corner. ③He sat on the corner of the table. 除了 besides except but except for besides 指“除了……还 有，再加上”；except 指“除 了，减去什么”，不能放在 句首。but 与 except 意思 近似，表示“除了……外” ①All went out besides me. ②All went out except me. ③I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper. ④His diary is good except for a few 经常用在 no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything 等和 其他疑问词后面。except for 表示“如无……就，只 是”表明理由细节。 spelling mistakes. 表示的概 念 构成 例 子 动作（表 进行概 念、表被 动的关 系） at+名词 at dinner/table 在吃饭 at work 在工作 at war 交战 at cards 在玩牌 at work 在办公 at play 在 玩耍 at rest 在休息 school 在上学 at press 正在 排印 at church 在做礼拜 beyond+名词 beyond belief 难以置信 beyond control 不听管教。 beyond compare 无可比拟 beyond description 难以形容 beyond expression 无法表达 beyond suspicion 无可怀疑 in+名词 或 in +名词 +of+名词 in the army在当兵 in need of需要 in action在运转 in progress 在进行 in operation 在运行中 in use 开始使 用 in sight 看得见 in store 贮藏着 in course of construction 正在兴建当中。 in (good) repair 维 修良好的 in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。 in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由……负 责 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被…… 拥有 on+名词 on business 办事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave 在休假 on watch 值班 on duty 值勤/日。 on guard 在值勤 on strike 在罢工 on sale 出售 on loan 借贷 on the move 在移动，搬迁，离开 on the march 在行军 on the air 在广播 on fire 在燃烧。 on trial 在试用 on show/display/ exhibition 在展出 under+名词 under control 在控制之中 under discussion 在讨论 underdevelopment 在发展中 under observation 在观察中 under test 在被测试 under construction 在建设中 under fire 在炮火中 under examination 在检查/调 查中 under consideration 在考虑中 under repair 在修理中 under arrest 被逮捕 under attack 受到袭击 under medical treatment 在治疗中 under study 在研究中 其他 against one’s opinion 反对某人的见解 for one’s opinion 同意某人的见解 above reproach 无可指责，无可非议 above suspicion 不受怀疑 above criticism 无可指责 at the mercy of 在……支配下；任由……摆布 for sale 供出售 for rent 供出租 within sight 看得见 2.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别 常见形容词 搭配 意义 absent (be) absent from 缺席 (be) absent in 不在这里而在…… afraid (be) afraid of 担心…… (be) afraid for 为……而担心 angry (be) angry with sb. 对某人生气 (be) angry at/about sth. 因某事而生气 anxious (be)anxious for sth 急于想得到 (be)anxious about sth./sb. 对某事/某人担心 different (be) different from 与……不同 (be) different to 不关心 familiar (be) familiar with 精通，熟悉 (be) familiar to 为……熟知（悉） good (be) good at 擅长于 (be) good for 对……有益 (be) good to 对……友好/态度好 popular (be) popular with sb. 受……欢迎 (be) popular for 因……而流行 strict (be) strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 (be) strict in sth. 对某事要求严格 3.容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组 类 型 举 例 差一冠词，大相径庭 in front of（在……前面)——in the front of（在……前部） in charge of（负责）——in the charge of（由……负责） out of question（毫无疑问）——out of the question（不可能） at table（在吃饭；在吃饭时）——at the table（在桌子旁边） 有无介词，意义不同 know sb.认识某人——know about sb.了解某人 shoot sb.击中某人——shoot at sb.向某人射击 search sb.搜身——search for sb.搜寻某人 believe sb.相信某人的话——believe in sb.信任某人的人格 benefit sb.使某人受益——benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益 处 画蛇添足，误加介词 serve the people 为人民服务（容易在 serve 后加 for） enter the room 进入房间（容易在 enter 后加 into） follow me 跟在我后面（容易在 follow 后加 behind） marry sb.与某人结婚（容易在 marry 后加 with） go abroad 出国（容易在 go 后面加 to） live upstairs 住在楼上（容易在 live 后面加 in） 母语思维，误用介词 be caught in the rain 被雨淋着（不用 by） leave for some place 动身去某地（不用 to） set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样（不用 for） in the direction 朝着……方向（不用 to） do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙（不用 to） different from 和……不同（不用 with） with the help of 在……的帮助下（不用 under） steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西（不用 of） read sth. to sb.给（为）……读（念）……（不用 for） ①Although my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own. A. against B. on C. for D. in ②Some people choose jobs for other reasons money these days. A. for B. except C. besides D. with 【解析】答案为 C。句意：如今一些人选择工作时，除了钱的原因还有其他原因。besides 意为“除了（包含除去的）”；except 意为“除了（不包含除去的）”。根据题意 besides 符合题意。 ③Some students often listen to music classes to refresh themselves. A. between B. among C. over D. during 【解析】答案为 A。between 用于两者之间，也可指多个事物中的两两之间的关系；among 用于三者或三者以上。“课间”是指两节课之间，因此应用 between。 ④This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school girls of your age. （2007 北京 卷） A. for B. about C. from D. to 【解析】答案为 A。for 在此表示“适于、适合”。句意：这是一所初级中学，你应该去 一所适合你这个年龄段女孩子的高级中学读书。 ⑤ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. A. In B. For C. Under D. Between 【解析】答案为 A。句意：在停顿的沉默中，我们能听到对方的呼吸，甚至能听到我们自 己的心跳。In 意为“在……之中”。 ⑥Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s the visiting hours. （2006 福建 卷） A. during B. at C. beyond D. before 【解析】答案为 C。beyond 表示“（时间）晚于、迟于”。句意：对不起，女士，你最 好明天来，因为参观的时间已经过了。 ⑦This new model of car is so expensive that it is the reach of those with average incomes. A. over B. within C. beyond D. below ⑧It was a pity that the great writer died his works unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of 【解析】答案为 B。句意：那个著名作家的作品还未完成他就去世了，真是遗憾。with 引 导的是复合结构作伴随状语。 ⑨—What do you want ________those old boxes? —To put things in when I move to the new flat. A. by B. for C. of D. with 【解析】答案为 D。所提到的情景“To put things in when I move to the new flat. ”说明了 箱子的用途。with 的意思是“用”后接工具。如：cut with a knife 用刀切。 ⑩Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain ______an inch. A. by B. at C. to D. from 【解析】答案为 A。介词 by 可以和表示数量的词构成短语，表示“尺寸、距离”等。句 意：幸运的是，子弹在距离船长一英尺的地方与他擦肩而过，没有射中他。 现将（2006-2011）六年来高考全国卷和各省市自主命题卷所涉及到的介词短语及固定 搭配总结如下， 以便考生熟悉这一块的考点。 英语 汉语意义 英语 汉语意义 above one’s own 在自己的……之上 in front of 在……的前面 above average 在平均分以上 in general 大体上，总体上 according to 根据 in honour of 为了纪念 after all 毕竟 in need of 需要，紧缺 along with 与 … … 一 道 ( 又 ), 连 同……一起, 随同…… 一起 in one’s mind 在某人心里 apart from 除……之外 in other words 换句话说 as a result (of) （由于）……的结果 in place 在适当的地方 as well as 也，还有 in place of 代替 be convinced of sth. 坚信 in praise of 歌颂，赞美 be curious about sth 对某事物感到好奇的 in return 作为回报, 作为交换 because of 因为 in search of 寻找 below average 在平均分以下 in short 简言之 beyond control 无法控制 in sight 在视程内，（被）看得 见 beyond description 无法描述 in spite of 尽管 beyond reach 无法到达 in terms of 就……而言 beyond repair 无法修理 in the direction of 朝……方向 by chance 偶然地，碰巧地 in the form of 以……方式（形式） by means of 通过……的方式 in turn 反过来 by nature 天生地 in vain 徒劳，白费 by oneself 单独地，独自地 instead of 代替，而不是 except for 除了（除去瘕疵、枝节末 节） next to 次于，在……旁边，紧 邻 far from 远离；远远不； 远非 of one's own age 跟某人自己的年龄相同 for one thing 一方面, 常与 for another thing（另一方面）连用 on average 平均 hear from 收到……的来信，得知某 人的消息 on condition that 条件是, 以……为条件 in addition to 另外=besides 或 except on one’s mind 某人有心事， 担心 in all 总共 on purpose 故意地，有目地 in case（of） 万一, 以防…… on the other hand 另一方面 in detail 详细地，详尽地 on time 按时，准时 in doubt 怀疑 on top of 在……之上/ 顶部； 除……之外 in effect 实际上，生效，在实行中 regardless of 不顾，不管 in exchange for 作为交换 to the point 中肯，切题 in face of 面对 with regard to 至于, 关于 in favour of 支持 within easy reach 在容易达到……的地 方，在……的附近 说明：例题请见以下的高考链接部分。 2009 年 1.（全国卷 I）Everybody was touched _________ words after they heard her moving story. A. beyond B. without C. of D. in 【答案】A 【解析】beyond words 表示“在言语之外”，即不能用言语来表达，也就是“无法形容” 了。句意是“听到她的感人故事之后，他们感动得无法用语言来形容”。 2.（重庆卷）Try on this red skirt; you will look great it. A. on B. by C. in D. for 【答案】C 【解析】Sth. be on sb. “衣服穿在某人身上”；sb. be in sth“某人穿着什么衣服”。由此 可知答案为:C。 3.（福建）—How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space! —It’s a challenge, I guess, man against nature. A. of B. for C. by D. about 【答案】A 【解析】应答句中的 I guess 是插入语，因此所填介词与 challenge 连用，表所属，用 of， 选 A。 4.（陕西卷）He invited me to a dance after the show Christmas Eve. A. at B. on C. in D. by 【答案】B 【解析】此处介词位于具体节日（日期）前，用 on。 5.（北京卷）The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, ________ little foreign ownership. A. by B. of C. with D. from 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这个地区的白酒业以一种特殊的方式在发展着，具有很少的外国所有权。 with：具有， 带有，表伴随。 6.（辽宁卷）Children need friends their own age to play with. A of B for C in D at 7. （山东卷）It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _______ easy reach. A. near B. upon C. within D. around 【答案】C 【解析】句意：厨房中把常用的物品放在够得着的地方能节省时间。within easy reach 在容易达到……的地方；在……的附近。 8.（四川卷）A great person is always putting others’ interests _________ his own. A. below B. above C. in D. on 【答案】B 【解析】put other’s interests above one’s own 意思是把别人的利益放在自己的利益之上。 9.（湖南卷）Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems themselves, and solve their problems ______ themselves. A. to; by B. by; to C. for; to D. in; on 【答案】A 【解析】句意：大多数美国人宁愿让他们面对自己的问题并自己解决他们的问题。by oneself 表示“单独地，独自地”的意思。 10.（全国卷 II ）Jenny nearly missed the flight ______ doing too much shopping. A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of 【答案】A 【解析】as a result of 意为“由于……的结果”。 11.（2009 天津卷）The art show was _______ being a failure; it was a great success. A. far from B. along with C. next to D. regardless of 12.（江苏卷）This special school accepts all disabled students, __ educational level and background. A. according to B. regardless of C. in addition to D. in terms of 【答案】B 【解析】according to 意为“根据”；regardless of 意为“不管，不顾”；in addition to 意为“另外”； in terms of 意为“就……而言”。句意：这所特殊学校接收所有的残疾学生， 不管他们的教 育水平和背景如何。 13.（湖北卷）You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request ______ a question. A. in search of B. in the form of C. in need of D. in the direction of 【答案】B 【解析】以问题方式向对方提出请求显得更有礼貌。in the form of 意为“以……方式” 符合句意。in search of 意为“寻找”；in need of 意为“需要”；in the direction of 意为“朝……方向”。 句意：如果你以问题的形式提出要求，那么会显得更 有礼貌。 14.（湖北卷）His efforts to raise money for his program were ______ because, no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. A. in place B. in sight C. in effect D. in vain 【答案】D 【解析】根据下文 no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets 可知为 集资做出的努力都白费了，应选择 in vain。in place“和平地”，in sight“在 视程内”，in effect“实际上”。 2010 年 1.(北京卷)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are everyone's enjoyment. A. in B. at C. for D. to 【答案】C 【解析】for enjoyment 为了寻求乐趣。例如：We work in the garden for enjoyment.我们 为寻求乐趣而在园子里劳作。 2.(湖北卷)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ____________favors to them. A. in preference to B . in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for 【答案】D 【解析】in preference to （优先于）； in exchange for （交换）；in place of (代替)； in agreement with （同意，与……一致）。句意：政府官员为某人提供便利或帮助， 以换取礼物或金钱，这种行为是非法的。 3.(江苏卷)So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ________ideal. We have to work still harder. A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to 4.(江西卷)We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and , dogs give us their all. A. in all B. in fact C. in short D. in return 【答案】D 【解析】in return 作为回报；作为回应；回答。in all 共计 in fact 实际上 in short 简而 言之。 句意：我们挤出时间，腾出空间，割舍我们的爱给狗，而狗以其全部回报我们。 5.（江西卷）Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients name, not case number. A. of B. as C. by D. with 【答案】C 【解析】by 以……的方式。句意：现在有些医院以名字来称呼病人，而不是以病号来称呼。 6.(天津卷)My father warned me _______ going to the West Coast because it was crowed with tourists. A. by B. on C. for D. against 【答案】D 【解析】句中谓语动词 warned 和介词 against 搭配，构成 warn sb. against doing sth. 相当 于 warn sb. not to do sth，意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。 句意：我父亲警告 我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。 7.(重庆卷)The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money me. A. by B. for C. in D. with 【答案】D 【解析】I don’t have enough money with me 意思是“我没有随身带那么多钱”。 8.(福建卷)More and more high—rise buildings have been built in big cities space. A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of 【答案】C 【解析】in search of 意为“寻找”； in place of 意为“代替”； for lack of 意为“因缺乏”； for fear of 意为“生怕，以免”。句意：因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在许 多大城市建了起来。 9.(辽宁卷) I agree to his suggestion ______the condition that he drops all charges. A. by B. in C. on D. to 【答案】C 【解析】考查介词用法。介词 on 和 the condition that 一起相当一个连词，引导条件状语 从句，意思是“条件是，以……为条件”。 句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放 弃所有指控。 10.(四川卷)Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree. A. in B. below C. beside D. against 【答案】D 【解析】against 此处意为“倚着，靠着”；below“在……下方”；beside“在……旁边”； in“在…… 里面（时间）……之后”。句意：累了，吉姆背倚着一棵大树，很快就睡着了。 11.(浙江卷)I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just ________. A. by nature B. in return C. in case D. by chance 12.(上海卷)Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.[ A. between B. along C. below D. with ] 【答案】B 【解析】根据句意“Sean 已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”，表示“沿 着”时，应该 选 B。 2011 年 1.（大纲卷）This shop will be closed for repairs_________further notice. A. with B. until C. for D. at 【答案】B 【解析】主句中 be closed 是延续性动词， until 在肯定句中表示谓语动作延续到表示的时 间为止。句意：商店将停业修缮，直到开业再作通知。 2.（北京卷）With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken_________ color. A. by B. for C. with D. in 【答案】D 【解析】in color 有颜色即彩色的，固定搭配。句意：采用新技术，水下峡谷的照片可以 拍成彩色的。 3.（上海卷）Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years. A. through B. up C. with D. from 【答案】A 【解析】through the tough years，表示经历/度过了艰苦的岁月。句意：毕业的时候是你 感谢那些曾经帮助你度过那些艰苦岁月的人们的好机会。 4.（湖北卷）When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________ younger men. A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of 5.（山东卷）I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy_______ the past couple of weeks. A. beyond B. with C. among D. over 【答案】D 【解析】通过前半句“I’ve been very busy”现在完成时，可知搭配用的时间状语为“在过去 的两周里”，固定搭配用介词“over the past couple of weeks=in the past couple of weeks”。句意：对不起，我没给你打电话，因为在过去的两周里我一直很忙。 6.（安徽卷）Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek________ food safety problem. A. in B. to C. on D. after 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查名词后的介词的固定搭配。此句中主语为 answers，意为“解决办法”， 作此意时后跟 介词 to 或 towards，故选 B 项。句意：有时不容易找到解决食品安全问题的适宜 的办法。 7.（浙江卷）I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ________. A. on B. for C. by D. of 【答案】B 【解析】train 做动词意为“训练”，句意是“我总是想做我一直受训的工作”。后面的 定语从句说明是什么样的工作，应该是“我一直以来（完成时）为此（for）被训 练（被动式）的”，介词 for 表目的。 8.（四川卷）Nick, it’s good for you to read some books ________China before you start your trip there. A. in B. for C. of D. on 【答案】D 【解析】on 有“关于；论述”之意，故选 D。句意：尼克，你在去中国旅行前要读一些有 关中国的书籍是有好处的。 9.（天津卷）He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects. A. below B. of C. on D. above 【答案】D 【解析】below average 在平均分以下；of 不与 average 搭配；on average 平均；above average 在平均分以上。根据句意可确定选项。句意：他是个好学生，大多数科目都在平 均分以上。 10.（重庆卷）Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read________ the library. A. in B. for C. by D. from 【答案】D 【解析】in 意为“在……里面”；by 意为“在……旁边”；for 意为“为了……”；from 意 为“从……”，符合语境。句意：雪莉，一个真正爱读书的人，总是从图书馆带很 多书回家去读。 11.（江苏卷）We’d better discuss everything ________before we work out the plan. A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. on time 【答案】A 【解析】in detail 意为“详细地，详尽地”；in general 意为“大体上，总体上”；on purpose 意为“故意地”；on time 意为“准时”。根据句意。应该是“我们最好在制定计 划前详细地讨论所有问题。” 12.（福建卷）_________ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished. A. Far from B. Apart from C. Instead of D. Regardless of 1. Leaves are found _______ all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly ________ size and shape. A. in; on B. in; from C. on; by D. on; in 【答案】D 【解析】叶子自然是长在树上的，用介词“on”。 differ in 后面接具体的名词, 表示“在…… 方面不同”。 句意：各种各样的树都长叶子，但是不同的树叶的大小和形状却有很大差别。 2.Being exposed for a long time ______ strong sunlight might seriously damage your skin. A. in B. under C. to D. over 【答案】C 【解析】be exposed to sth.为固定搭配，意思是“暴露于，遭受”。去掉干扰成分 for a long time 即可迅 速找到答案。 3.Ballet is not popular ________ our city because most people think it is too expensive to take the classes. A. in B. with C. among D. on 【答案】A 【解析】句意表示“芭蕾舞在我们市不太流行”，in 表示“在……地方”。此题考生会误 选 B 和 C 项， be popular with/among sb.表示“受……欢迎”，介词后面接人。 4.We should talk about the things ________ the children's understanding in a simple way. A. over B. beyond C. above D. under 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事情。D 项不符合句 意；above 和 over 一般描述位置；beyond“超过，非……所能及”，符合句意。 5.Most pop music is influenced, ________ a greater or less degree，by the blues. A. to B. on C. for D. within 【答案】A 【解析】degree 通常与 to 搭配，to a degree 意为“达到某种程度”。句意：大部分流行音 乐都或多或少 地受到布鲁斯音乐的影响。 6.Putting the worries out of her mind, Mary turned her efforts ________ the evening meal. A. to B. beyond C. off D. inside 【答案】A 【解析】turn…to 是固定搭配，表示“(把注意力等)转向……”。 7.How the famous actor treated us made me feel he was not an important person out _____ reach, but kind big brother. A. from B. of C. over D. to 【答案】B 【解析】“out of reach"为固定搭配，表示“遥不可及，力所不能及”，故选 B。 8. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _______ the hot weather. A. besides B. except for C. except D. except that 【答案】B 【解析】except 与 except for 的区别是：前者主要用来谈论同类的东西；后者主要用来谈 论不同类的东 西，在说明情况后作细节上的修正，有时含有惋惜之意。 9. Traveling ________ a speed of 160 kilometers per hour, we have covered a distance of 120 kilometers _______ less than 50 minutes. A. with; in B. at; in C. with; for D. at; for 【答案】B 【解析】at the speed of ...意为“以……的时速”。 in less than 50 minutes 在不到 50 分钟内。 10. Guangdong lies ________ the south of China and still to the south, ______ Qiongzhou Strait, is the Hainan island. A.. to; across B. to; on C. in; across D. in; to 【答案】C 【解析】因为广东省属于中国，故使用 in；在琼州海峡对过应用 across。 11. ______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. A. With B. As C. As for D. Because 【答案】A 【解析】 with 复合结构：with+名词+动词不定式。这里表示原因。 12. ______ their return, they were praised as national heroes. A. At B. By C. On D. With 【答案】C 【解析】on+（含有动作意义的）名词或动名词的结构表示“一……就”的意思。 13. It’s ________ me why Alice gave up her job and got married. A. under B. above C. over D. beyond 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我难以想象为什么爱丽丝放弃工作而结婚了。It’s beyond me 意为“超乎 我的想象”。 14. The voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not ________ the sea even though they didn’t have modern navigational aids. A. at the expense of B. at the risk of C. in the way of D. at the mercy of 【答案】D 【解析】此处 at the mercy of 意为“任由……摆布”。句意：17 世纪前的航海表明尽管当 时没有现代化的 航海辅助系统人们也不任由大海的摆布。 15.The new tax policy only affects people on yearly incomes over ￥120,000, the very rich. A. by the way B. as a result C. in other words D. as a manner of 【答案】C 【解析】by the way 意为“顺便说一下”； as a result 意为“结果”； in other words 意 为“换句话说”； as a manner of 意为“作为……方式”。句意：新的税收政策只会影响每年的收入 超过 12000 元的人们，换句话说即富人。 16.The big snow lasted nearly half a week. What was worse, they were trapped in the mountain and badly ________ food. A. in search of B. in the hope of C. in want of D. in charge of 【答案】C 【解析】in search of 意为“搜寻”；in the hope of 意为“带着……希望”；in want of 意 为“需要”； in charge of 意为“负责”。选项 C 符合句意。句意：大雪持续了几乎半个星期。 而更糟糕的是， 他们被困在山里，急需食物。 17. With your brother's help, I've made great progress in English and I really want to do something for him ________. A. in turn B. by turns C. in return D. in answer 【答案】C 【解析】in turn 意为“依次”；by turns 意为“轮流”；in return 意为“作为回报/报答”； in answer 意为 “回答”。根据前面的 help 判断，下文应为“我真的想做些事情来回报他”。 18. People in Los Angels have no idea of distance on the map，so they measure distance ________ time not miles. A. by way of B. by means of C. for lack of D. on account of 19.To keep safe________ an earthquake，you should remain at a spot in your room where nothing may fall on you. A. in search of B. in advance of C. in terms of D. in case of 【答案】D 【解析】in search of 意为“寻找”；in advance of 意为“在……前面，超过”；in terms of 意为“就…… 而言”；in case of 意为“万一，以防”。句意：万一地震，为了保证你的安全，你 最好待在一个 不会有东西掉下来的地方。故选 D。 20.Mr.Clark working in our company is from the United States. But he is a Canadian ________. A. by origin B. by nature C. by source D. by history 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在我们公司工作的克拉克先生是从美国来的。但论出身，他是加拿大人。 by origin 意为“论出身，就来源而言”；by nature 意为“就本质而言，天 生地”。 21.The company has changed some of its working practices ________ complaints and criticism from the customers. A. in respect to B. in return for C. in exchange for D. in response to 【答案】D 【解析】从句意可知公司作出的调整是对顾客的投诉和批评的回应，in response to 意为 “对……作出回 应”，符合句意。 22.After running for a mile yesterday，I was almost ________, not feeling bad，though. A. out of shape B. out of breath C. out of control D. out of order 【答案】B 【解析】语意表示“昨天跑了一英里后，我上气不接下气”，out of breath 意为“上气不 接下气”，符 合语意。out of shape 表示“走样的，身体不佳”；out of control 表示“失控”； out of order 表 示“发生故障；秩序混乱”。 23.After the quarrel, I tried all my best to remove the misunderstanding between us，but all my efforts seemed ________. A. in vain B. in case C. in time D. in trouble 【答案】A 【解析】句意：争吵过后，我尽力去消除我们之间的误会，但是我的努力看起来都白费了。 in vain“白 费地，徒劳无益地”；in case“免得，以防”；in time 意为“及时”；in trouble 意为“处于困 境”。 24.Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ________ how great their achievements are. A. in spite of B. in charge of C. in favor of D. in terms of 【答案】D 【解析】in spite of 意思是“不顾”；in charge of 意思是“负责，管理”；in favor of 意思 是“支持，赞 同”；in terms of 意思是“根据，就……而言”。根据题干内容可知，D 项符合 语境。即依据 他们所取得的成就来评定。 25. _______ I was keen on jazz, but I seem to have lost interest in it now. A. At a time B. At one time C. At no time D. Of all time 【答案】B 【解析】根据 was 可知是指过去发生的事，故用 at one time 意为“曾经，一度”；at a time 意为“一次， 逐一”；at no time 意为“决不”，位于句首时，要用倒装语序；of all time 意为“有 史以来”。