【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解话题阅读科普知识类（含详细解析）学案（45页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解话题阅读科普知识类（含详细解析）学案（45页）

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解话题阅读科普知识类 词义猜测题解题技巧(Ⅱ)‎ ‎3．根据原始含义和所在句语境推断熟词新义 众所周知，英语单词词义丰富，搭配灵活，一些熟词在特定语境中常产生新含义。‎ ‎(1)有些新含义与原含义没有联系，需要借助上下文进行推断。‎ ‎(2)有些新含义既来自原含义又体现新特点，只有将原含义和新语境有机结合，在整体思维、综合考虑的基础上才能准确推断。‎ ‎【典例】‎ The way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible，openminded thinking.Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when we’re unfocused.If you are one of those energetic morning people，your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed.Sleepy people’s lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving.By not giving yourself time to tune__into__your__wandering__mind，you’re missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer.‎ By “tune into your wandering mind”(in Para.2)，the author means“________”．‎ A．wander into the wild B．listen to a beautiful tune C．switch to the traffic channel D．stop concentrating on anything 解析　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，若一味集中注意力而无暇放松，将错失有创造性的解决问题的方法。D项意为“不将注意力集中在某事物上”，符合语境。‎ 答案　D 句意猜测题通常需要考生猜测一个具有概括性的句子或格言、谚语等。这要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行直接的或解释性的描述，难度略大。‎ 做这类题时，考生可在对上下文语境有一定了解的基础上，运用排除法做题，先排除那些与文章基调不同的选项，而正确选项往往是对上下文的总结和概括，与文章基调一致。‎ ‎4．依据语境逻辑推断普通词汇的特殊含义 一些非常常见、十分普通的词汇在特殊场合会产生特殊的含义，解题时应认真阅读，仔细分析特定词汇所在句和邻近句，弄清作者的表达目的和写作意图，揭示其在特定词汇使用上的言外之意，从而正确推断该词的真正含义。‎ ‎【典例】‎ When Frida Kahlo’s paintings were on show in London，a poet described her paintings as “a ribbon(丝带)around a bomb”．Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time.Sadly，she is actually a__much__bigger__name today than she was during her time.‎ What does the phrase “a much bigger name”in Paragraph 1 most nearly mean?‎ A．A far better artist.‎ B．A far more gifted artist.‎ C．A much stronger person.‎ D．A much more famous person.‎ 解析　墨西哥女画家弗里达·卡罗，身残志不残，创作了无数优秀作品。虽然在有生之年其作品未能受到应有的关注，但她最终于上世纪70年代底得到了国际声誉。name意为“名字”，但在本文提供的语境中其意义变为“名声”。‎ 答案　D ‎5．略过生词 对于阅读理解中的生词，如果是人名、地名、国家名、组织机构名等次要信息，我们大可不必过分重视。事实上，不知道这些单词的意思不一定会影响我们对整句或全文的理解，很多时候更不会影响我们后面的解题。如：On his right the gentleman wore a gauntlet of heavy leather.如果后面没有特别要求考查本句，那么我们暂时并不需要确切地知道gauntlet一词的含义，通过本句的语境知道它是戴在手上的用皮革制成的某种东西即可(防护手套)。‎ ‎6．学会只猜测生词的大概意思，而不求其准确含义 The Asian gibbon，like other apes，especially adapts to life in trees.‎ 解析　在这句话中，考生只要猜出gibbon是apes(类人猿)的一种就行了，没必要知道其准确意思。‎ 做这种类型的题，最重要的是根据词、短语、句子所在的上下文语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。‎ 相信过了词汇这一关，阅读理解一定会取得高分的。赶快试试吧。‎ Passage 1‎ ‎(2016·四川高考)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.‎ Researchers have discovered that“night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.‎ The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with ‎ dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.‎ Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.‎ Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.‎ While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.‎ Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.‎ Milk is also sugar－free and additive－free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.‎ ‎1．According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk________．‎ A．started sleep more easily B．were more anxious C．were less active D．woke up later ‎2．Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?‎ A．It’s been tested on mice for ten times.‎ B．It can make people more energetic.‎ C．It exists in milk in great amount.‎ D．It’s used in sleeping drugs.‎ ‎3．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Night Milk and Sleep B．Fat Sugar and Health C．An Experiment on Mice D．Milk Drinking and Health ‎4．How does the author support the theme of the text?‎ A．By giving examples.‎ B．By stating arguments.‎ C．By explaining statistical data.‎ D．By providing research results.‎ Passage 2‎ ‎(2016·全国Ⅲ)Bad news sells.If it bleeds, it leads.No news is good news, and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people’s e－mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.‎ ‎“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling.But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”‎ Researchers analyzing word－of－mouth communication—e－mails，Web posts and reviews, face－to－face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive ‎ news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e－mailed” list for six months.One of his first finds was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non－science articles.He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.‎ Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr.Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”‎ ‎1．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?‎ A．News reports. B．Research papers.‎ C．Private e－mails. D．Daily conversations.‎ ‎2．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?‎ A．They’re socially inactive.‎ B．They’re good at telling stories.‎ C．They’re inconsiderate of others.‎ D．They’re careful with their words.‎ ‎3．Which tended to be the most e－mailed according to Dr.Berger’s research?‎ A．Sports news. B．Science articles.‎ C．Personal accounts. D．Financial reviews.‎ ‎4．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Sad Stories Travel Far Wide.‎ B．Online News Attracts More People.‎ C．Reading Habits Change with the Times.‎ D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks.‎ Passage 1‎ ‎(2015·全国Ⅱ)Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.‎ Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less self－conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.‎ Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint，go blue.‎ Don’t forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you’re at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.‎ Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12－inch plate instead of a 10－inch plate.When ‎ we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass.‎ ‎1．The text is especially helpful for those who care about________．‎ A．their home comforts B．their body shape C．house buying D．healthy diets ‎2．A home environment in blue can help people________．‎ A．digest food better B．reduce food intake C．burn more calories D．regain their appetites ‎3．What are people advised to do at mealtimes?‎ A．Eat quickly.‎ B．Play fast music.‎ C．Use smaller spoons.‎ D．Turn down the lights.‎ ‎4．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Is Your House Making You Fat?‎ B．Ways of Serving Dinner C．Effects of Self－Consciousness D．Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?‎ Passage 2‎ ‎(2015·北京高考)‎ Life in the Clear ‎ ‎ Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3，300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.”‎ ‎ And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see through? It’s trickier than you might think.‎ ‎ The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.‎ ‎ But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don’t see it—you see the things behind it.‎ ‎ To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually ‎ easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.‎ Animals are built of many different materials—skin, fat, and more—and light moves through each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see－through. Others build a large, clear mass of non－living jelly－like(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it.‎ Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non－transparent milky white.‎ ‎1．According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals ________．‎ A．stay in groups B．can be easily damaged C．appear only in deep ocean ‎ D．are beautiful creatures ‎2．The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ________．‎ A．silently B．gradually C．regularly D．completely ‎3．One way for animal to become transparent is to ________.‎ A．change the direction of light travel ‎ B．gather materials to scatter light C．avoid the absorption of light D．grow bigger to stop light ‎4．The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals ________．‎ A．move more slowly in deep water B．stay see－through even after death C．produce more tissues for their survival D．take effective action to reduce light spreading Passage 3‎ ‎(2015·陕西高考)Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.Other forms of parental__involvement,__including volunteering at school and observing a child’s class，also fail to help，according to the most recent study on the topic.‎ The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting (养育子女) where schools expect them to act as partners in their children’s education.Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed，dressed and ready to learn.‎ Keith Robinson，the author of the study，said，“I really don’t know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids’ education that leads to declines in their academic performance.One of the things that was consistently negative was parents’ help with homework.”Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks.“They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now，or in some cases never learnt it themselves，but they’re still offering advice.”‎ Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks.In general，about 20% of parental involvement was positive，about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.‎ Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because “children with good academic success do have involved parents”，admitted Robinson.But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success.“A big surprise was that Asian－American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved.They took a more reasonable approach，conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives.”‎ ‎1．The underlined expression “parental involvement” in Paragraph 1 probably means________．‎ A．parents’ expectation on children’s health B．parents’ participation in children’s education C．parents’ control over children’s life D．parents’ plan for children’s future ‎2．What is the major finding of Robinson’s study?‎ A．Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.‎ B．Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.‎ C．Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.‎ D．Parents are not able to help with children’s homework.‎ ‎3．The example of Asian－American parents implies that parents should________．‎ A．help children realize the importance of schooling B．set a specific life goal for their children C．spend more time improving their own lives D．take a more active part in school management Passage 4‎ ‎(2015·重庆高考)The values of artistic works，according to cultural relativism(相对主义)，are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view，however，fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.‎ History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls，as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art，even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.‎ In a 1757 essay，the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.Works of this type，he believed，spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.‎ Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For example，evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long－lasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.‎ ‎1．According to the passage，what do we know about cultural relativism?‎ A．It introduces different cultural values.‎ B．It explains the history of artistic works.‎ C．It relates artistic values to local conditions.‎ D．It excites the human mind throughout the world.‎ ‎2．In Paragraph 2，the artists are mentioned in order to show that ________．‎ A．great works of art can go beyond national boundaries B．history gives art works special appeal to set them apart C．popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts D．great artists are skilled at combining various cultures ‎3．According to Hume，some works of art can exist for centuries because ________．‎ A．they are results of scientific study B．they establish some general principles of art C．they are created by the world’s greatest artists D．they appeal to unchanging features of human nature ‎4．Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?‎ A．Are Artistic Values Universal?‎ B．Are Popular Arts Permanent?‎ C．Is Human Nature Uniform?‎ D．Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?‎ Passage 5‎ ‎(2014·四川高考)With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture，it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes；it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas(睡衣)．Obviously，students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.‎ All human beings possess a body clock.Along with other alerting(警报)systems，this governs the sleep/ wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour.Typically，the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents，which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings.This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the“night owl”schedule of sleep.‎ This is opposed to the“early bird”schedule，and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings.Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night.Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as“night owls”and only 10 percent can be classified as“early birds”—the other 70 percent are in the middle.Although this is clearly not true for all students，for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.‎ ‎1．What does the author stress in Paragraph 1?‎ A．Many students are absent from class.‎ B．Students are very tired on Monday mornings.‎ C．Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.‎ D．Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.‎ ‎2．Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?‎ A．Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.‎ B．Students don’t sleep well because of alerting systems.‎ C．One’s body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.‎ D．Adolescents’ delayed sleep/wake cycle isn’t the preferred pattern.‎ ‎3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“classified”？‎ A．Criticised. B．Grouped.‎ C．Organised. D．Named.‎ ‎4．What does the text mainly talk about?‎ A．Functions of the body clock.‎ B．The“night owl”phenomenon.‎ C．Human beings’ sleep behaviour.‎ D．The school schedule of“early birds”．‎ Passage 6‎ ‎(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)‎ The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!‎ The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.The challenge invites，even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.‎ Students are being dared to draw a picture，write an article，take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge，all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival，MIT Museum，265 Mass Avenue，Cambridge 02139 by Friday，February 8th.‎ Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday，April 21st.Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students.Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given.Families of those who ‎ take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.‎ Between March 10th and March 15th，each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at：http：//cambridgesciencefestival.org.‎ ‎1．Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?‎ A．School students. B．Cambridge locals.‎ C．CSF winners. D．MIT artists.‎ ‎2．When will the prize－giving ceremony be held?‎ A．On February 8th. B．On March 10th.‎ C．On March 15th. D．On April 21st.‎ ‎3．What type of writing is this text?‎ A．An exhibition guide. B．An art show review.‎ C．An announcement. D．An official report.‎ Passage 7‎ ‎(2014·安徽高考)Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big，tough African elephants running away，a new study says.Beehives (蜂窝)—either recorded or real—may even prevent elephants from damaging farmers’ crops.‎ In 2002，scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them.Today，Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops.But before she asked farmers to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms，she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.‎ Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder.Then she threw a stone into the beehive，which burst into life.Lucy and her assistant hid in ‎ their car until the angry bees had calmed down.Next，Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a tree close to each family.‎ From a distance，Lucy switched on the pre－recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera.Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds.Out of a total of 17 groups，only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees.Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them.When Lucy played the sound of a waterfall (瀑布) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families，the animals were undisturbed.Even after four minutes，most of the groups stayed in one place.‎ Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times.She hasn’t tested enough groups yet to know，but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers.She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.‎ ‎1．We know from the passage that elephants may be frightened of ________．‎ A．loud noises B．some crops C．video cameras D．angry bees ‎2. As mentioned in the passage，Lucy ________．‎ A．works by herself in Africa B．needs to test more elephant groups C．has stopped elephants eating crops D．has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms ‎3．Why did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive?‎ A．To record the sound of bees.‎ B．To make a video of elephants.‎ C．To see if elephants would run away.‎ D．To find out more about the behavior of bees.‎ ‎4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．Young elephants ignore African honeybees.‎ B．Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.‎ C．Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them.‎ D．Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.‎ Passage 1‎ ‎(2017·福建五校高中毕业班统一考试)More than nine out of ten young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed，causing problems with sleep.A new survey also shows more than 28 million people in the UK regularly get no more than seven hours sleep a night.Prof Richard Wiseman，who commissioned the YouGov poll described the findings as “extremely worrying”．Of the 2，149 adults questioned，78% said they used electronic devices before going to bed.This rose to 91% among the 18 to 24－year－olds questioned in the survey.‎ Getting less than seven hours sleep a night is below the recommended guidelines，and is associated with a range of problems，including an increased risk of weight gain，heart attacks，diabetes and cancer.“The blue light from these devices suppresses (压制) the production of the sleep－inducing hormone melatonin，so it’s important to avoid them before bedtime，”said Prof Richard Wiseman，from the University of Hertfordshire.‎ Everyone needs different amounts of sleep，but adults are generally thought to require a minimum of seven to eight hours a night.Teenagers are recommended to get more，about nine hours.The proportion (比例)of people thought to be getting too little sleep had risen by a fifth since a “bedroom poll”conducted last year by the National Sleep Foundation.‎ Last week revealed opticians were warning that the overuse of smartphones may be increasing people’s risk of eye damage.Optician Andy Hepworth said，“Blue violet light is potentially harmful to the back of your eyes.” So over a long period of time it can damage your eyes.When you’re looking at a smartphone，the light peaking out of that is blue violet.The news came as a survey of 2，000 people suggests under－25s check their smartphones 32 times a day.‎ ‎1．The purpose of the passage is to ________．‎ A．stress that people don’t use smartphones B．remind people of enough sleep C．ask people not to sleep too much D．tell people not to use smartphones before bed ‎2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．According to a new survey，more than 28 million people in the UK get more than seven hours sleep a night.‎ B．More than 90% of young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed.‎ C．Of the 2，149 adults questioned，91% said they used electronic devices before going to bed.‎ D．The news came as a survey of 2，000 people suggests under－25s check their smartphones 30 times a day.‎ ‎3．According to what Andy Hepworth said，the overuse of smartphones may be increasing people’s risk of ________．‎ A．weight gain B．cancer C．eye damage D．heart attacks ‎4．Teenagers are generally thought to get sleep of ________ a night.‎ A．about 9 hours B．7－8 hours C．less than 7 hours D．more than 10 hours Passage 2‎ ‎(2017·湖南东部六校高三联考)Children can spend hours a day looking at computer screens and other digital devices.Some eye doctors say this leads to an increase in “computer vision syndrome(电脑视力综合征)”．‎ Nathan Bonilla－Warford is an optometrist (验光师) in Tampa，Florida.He has seen an increase in problems in children.“A lot more children come into the office either because their parents have noticed that they have headaches or red or watery eyes or discomfort，or because their nearsightedness appears to be increasing and they’re worried，” he says.‎ Dr.Bonilla－Warford says part of the problem is that children may be more likely to pay no attention to early warning signs than adults.“Even if their eyes start to feel uncomfortable or they start to get a headache，they’re less likely to tell their parents，because they don’t want to have the game or the computer or whatever taken away，” he explains.‎ He says another part of the problem is that people blink (眨眼)less often when they use digital devices.He says，“A person who uses an electronic device blinks about one third as much as we normally do in everyday life.And that can result in the front part of the eye drying and not staying protected like normal.”‎ Eye doctors offer suggestions like the following which is known as the 20/20/20 rule.That means every twenty minutes look away twenty feet or more for at least twenty seconds from whatever device you’re using.‎ Other suggestions include putting more distance between you and the device and using good lighting.Of course，another way is to spend less time looking at screens.Many experts say children should spend no more than two hours a day using digital devices—with no screen time for children under two.‎ But not all eye doctors have noticed an increase in problems in children.Dr.David Hunter，from Boston Children’s Hospital，has not seen an increase in his practice.“While it is possible to develop fatigue looking at screens for a long period of time，there’s certainly no proof that it actually causes any damage to the eyes，” he says.‎ ‎1．Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ A．Dr.Bonilla－Warford thinks using computers causes nearsightedness.‎ B．People keep their eyes protected against drying by blinking normally.‎ C．Children under two can watch TV for less than two hours a day.‎ D．Dr.David Hunter says headaches cause an increase in eye problems.‎ ‎2．The syndrome in children is more likely serious than in adults because ________．‎ A．adults are cleverer than children B．adults ignore taking care of children C．children always overlook early warning signs D．children always forget their parents’ words ‎3．What does the underlined word “fatigue” mean?‎ A．Interest. B．Ability.‎ C．Tiredness. D．Difficulty.‎ ‎4．What can be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Looking at Screens：Two Hours or More B．How Can Children Use Their Eyes Properly C．Using Digital Devices：Advantages and Disadvantages D．How Much Screen Time Is Proper for Children Passage 3‎ ‎(2017·宁夏银川九中高三第二次模拟)Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods(GM foods)．GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms(有机体)，which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques.These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a non－specific but stable change.For many people，the high－tech production raises all kinds of environmental，ethical，health and safety problems.Particularly in countries with long farming traditions，the idea seems against nature.‎ In fact，GM foods are already very much a part of our lives.They were first put on the market in 1996.A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U．S.last year was the product of biotechnology，according to the Department of Agriculture.More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year.The__genetic__genie__is__out__of__the__bottle.‎ However，like any new product entering the food chain，GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.In wealthy countries，the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from，and a supply that goes beyond the needs.In developing countries desperate to feed fast－growing and ‎ underfed populations，the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?‎ The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing.Last year the world’s population reached 6 billion.The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy.About 400 million women of childbearing age don’ t have enough iron，which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency，a leading cause of blindness.‎ How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values.Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops.Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought，poor soil and crop viruses.‎ ‎1．The passage mainly talks about ________．‎ A．the world’s food problem B．the development in biotech C．the genetically modified foods D．the way to solve food shortages ‎2．According to the passage，GM foods ________．‎ A．will replace naturally grown foods ‎ B．are far better than naturally grown foods C．may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition D．can cause serious trouble in developing countries ‎3．The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably means that ________．‎ A．GM foods are available everywhere B．the technology in producing GM foods is advanced C．genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers D．genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets ‎4．What’s the writer’s attitude towards GM foods?‎ A．Enthusiastic. B．Cautious.‎ C．Disapproving. D．Unbelievable.‎ Passage 4‎ ‎(2017·河南郑州高三第一次质量预测)There are a growing number of pet owners who feed their pets on raw foods，which means “uncooked” meat and bones.William Burk，a pet food specialist from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)，believes that feeding raw meat to pets is against its goal of protecting the public from health dangers，and that raw meat and bones do not have all the required nutrition that a pet needs every day.‎ Recognizing how popular these foods are，the FDA has provided guidelines for producers of pet foods which contain uncooked meat for dogs，cats and other pets.The guidelines give rules to protect pet owners and pets from dangers about food safety and lack of nutrition.‎ Pet owners who feed raw meat and bones to their pets should deal with these products very carefully to protect themselves against possible dangers，says Burk.Just as when you are preparing foods for human beings，use hot water and soap to wash your hands，containers，and surfaces that come into contact with the food.Don’t put your hands near your mouth until you have washed them，and don’t allow your pet to touch your face right after it has eaten raw meat.‎ ‎“If pet owners choose to feed bones to their pets，they should watch their pets ‎ carefully when they are eating bones，”Burk says.“If a pet eats a big piece of bone that won’t pass through its digestive system(消化系统)，it is likely to kill the pet.”‎ ‎1．What does William Burk think of feeding pets on raw meat?‎ A．It’ll make the pet owners sick.‎ B．It’ll keep the pets’ wild nature.‎ C．It’s against the policy of the FDA.‎ D．It’s dangerous and lack of nutrition.‎ ‎2．The FDA has provided guidelines for producers of pet foods with raw meat because ________．‎ A．pet safety is a serious problem B．most pets are lack of nutrition C．feeding pets on raw foods is popular D．the quality of pet foods is dropping ‎3．Those who feed pets on raw foods should do some necessary cleaning when ________．‎ A．preparing raw meat for pets B．touching the food containers C．taking their pets out for a walk D．preparing foods for human beings ‎4．What suggestion is given to pet owners in the last paragraph?‎ A．Pets should be forbidden to eat raw bones.‎ B．Pets should be kept away from the raw meat.‎ C．Pets should be checked on their digestive system.‎ D．Pets should be watched carefully while eating bones.‎ Passage 5‎ ‎(2017·安徽合肥高三第一次教学质量检测)Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have existed on the planet，and they can grow to a length of 100 feet and weigh more than 330，000 pounds.But recently researchers have found that these whales are on the move and they have migrated from California waters to areas off Canada and Alaska for the first time since commercial whaling ended in 1965.‎ The researchers identified 15 blue whales that have appeared off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska since 1997.Four of these whales were recognized as ones that were once sighted off California shores，suggesting that the whales are returning to an old migration pattern between the coasts.‎ Before commericial whaling began in the early 1900s，blue whales were found widely throughout the North Pacific and California waters.But from the 1920s to the 1960s，whaling severely reduced the whale populations.Blue whales never recovered in the North Pacific，making sightings in this area rare.However，much larger groups of whales have been observed close to California since the 1970s.‎ The scientists had previously thought that the California population was separate from the population that had historically lived in the North Pacific waters.But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.‎ To identify the blue whales，the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean and compared them with a library of blue whale pictures taken along the west coast of the United States and Southern Pacific.Up to now，the researchers are not quite sure why the whales are changing their migration patterns，but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north by the changes in ocean conditions.‎ ‎1．According to the passage，blue whales are ________．‎ A．following a fixed route of migration B．dying out due to commercial whaling C．moving from the south to the north D．rarely found in the Southern Pacific ‎2．The whale population in the North Pacific ________．‎ A．is different from the California population B．is probably part of the California population C．has become the largest group since the 1970s D．has lived there since the 1960s ‎3．The underlined word “cetaceans” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________．‎ A．land creatures B．whale species C．ocean conditions D．migration patterns ‎4．What might make blue whales migrate according to the researchers?‎ A．Commercial whaling. B．Weather conditions.‎ C．Life reproduction. D．Food resources.‎ Passage 6‎ ‎(2017·四川绵阳高三二诊考试)Loneliness is like a disease，and what’s worse，it’s contagious.It can spread from one person to another，according to the recent research that stresses the power of one person’s emotions to affect even people he doesn’t know.‎ The new analysis，involving 4，793 people who were interviewed every two years ‎ between 2005 and 2015，showed that a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness by the time of the next interview.A friend of that person was 25% more likely，and a friend of a friend of a friend was 15% more likely.‎ ‎“Loneliness is not just the property of an individual.It can be transmitted across people—even people you don’t have direct contact with，” said John T．Cacioppo，a psychologist of the University of Chicago who led the study published in the December issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.‎ Loneliness has been linked to medical problems，including depression，sleep problems and generally poorer physical health.Identifying some of the causes could help reduce the emotion and improve health，experts said.‎ Although the study did not examine how loneliness spreads，Cacioppo said another research has provided clues.“Let’s say for whatever reason you get lonely.You then interact with other people in a more negative fashion.That puts them in a negative mood and makes them more likely to interact with other people in a negative fashion and they minimize their social ties and become lonely，”Cacioppo said.‎ According to Cacioppo，loneliness spread more easily among women than men，perhaps because women were more likely to express emotions.‎ Lonely people become less and less trusting others.This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends—and more likely that society will reject them.Therefore，it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness.Cacioppo emphasizes people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.‎ ‎1．It can be concluded from the first paragraph that ________．‎ A．loneliness spreads in social networks B．emotions are only transmitted between friends C．more and more people are suffering from loneliness D．loneliness is actually a kind of disease ‎ ‎2．According to Cacioppo，lonely people ________．‎ A．rely heavily on others B．are more likely to trust others C．are less likely to be rejected by friends D．will probably be deserted by society ‎3．The word “minimize” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “________”．‎ A．increase B．reduce C．create D．keep ‎4．What should lonely people do to get rid of loneliness?‎ A．Refuse the help given by others.‎ B．Admit and try to solve it.‎ C．Interact with others more negatively.‎ D．Express emotions more often.‎ Passage 7‎ ‎(2017·超级全能生26省联考乙卷)“There are 15 billion pencils made annually，and three million of those just in the United States. That’s a lot of pencils end thrown away，”said Michael Stausholm，CEO of Sprout World. Denmark－based Sprout World wants to shrink this waste. The startup makes plantable pencils that grow into vegetables，herbs or flowering plants.‎ Stausholm said the pencils are the perfect sustainable product because one “dying product is literally giving life to a new product.” Where a typical eraser would be，these wooden pencils have a capsule made from biodegradable(生物降解的) material ‎ that contains a small mixture of seeds and peat(泥炭块)．You plant the capsule in a pot of soil and use the end of the pencil as a marker. The capsule dissolves and the seeds grow into a plant.‎ The pencils，which were developed by three MIT students in 2012，come in 14 varieties($19. 95 for a pack of eight)，including tomato，lavender(薰衣草)，basil(罗勒属植物)，sunflower and green pepper.‎ ‎“At the time，I was living in Denmark and working a lot with sustainable companies，” he said. “But sustainability is hard to illustrate to consumers. I was searching for a product that could easily do that.” A year later，he came across Sprout Pencils. “I loved the idea. It was a perfect way to explain what sustainability is all about，” said Stausholm.‎ Stausholm partnered with the students and convinced them to let him sell the pencils in Denmark. “We sold 70 000 pencils in the spring of 2013. We realized there was definitely demand for them，” he said. By 2014，the startup had sold a million pencils across Europe. Later that year，Stausholm acquired the patents and rights to the brand and became Sprout World’s CEO.‎ ‎1．What column will you find about the passage?‎ A．Technology. B．Figure.‎ C．Health. D．Entertainment.‎ ‎2．Why are the pencils welcomed by people?‎ A．Because they can protect environment.‎ B．Because they are funny.‎ C．Because they are cheap.‎ D．Because they are sustainable products.‎ ‎3．Which is RIGHT about the pencils?‎ A．They are hard to get.‎ B．They are over $2.5 for each.‎ C．They can be broken down easily.‎ D．They can be eaten as vegetables.‎ ‎4．What can we know about Stausholm?‎ A．He invents sprout pencils.‎ B．He is Danish and is working in Denmark.‎ C．He is a professor and CEO of Sprout World.‎ D．He can’t illustrate to consumers about sustainability.‎ Passage 8‎ ‎(2017·河南省六市高三第一次联考)We’ve all had a bad feeling soon after a hearty lunch.You can’t stay focused, your energy level falls，and you wish you possessed a warm blanket so you could curl up under your desk for a quick nap.But you have important things to do—like completing that project or leading a team meeting in less than an hour.‎ You don’t have to suffer that__fate anymore.I have four foods that will get your focus back on track so that you can finish your workday stronger than you started.Keep these products handy in your office，and you’ll never suffer from that 2 p．m.mental slog ever again.‎ Green Tea While coffee is an important afternoon pick－me－up，green tea should not be overlooked.The unique combination of the amino acid thiamine(芬氨酸)and caffeine has been shown across several studies to improve creativity，ability to multitask，and ‎ reaction time.Try some amazing tea recipes to get started.‎ Almonds Almonds are a great afternoon recharger that research from Purdue University shows will also aid in your weight－loss efforts.This is because almonds provide sustained energy：a mix of fat，fiber，and protein.Those elements allow almonds to offer a convenient snack that gives you a smooth shot of energy that comes from controlling your blood sugar levels.Plus，research shows that people who regularly eat nuts have as much as a 50 percent reduced risk of having a heart attack.‎ Greek Yogurt Research from the University of Missouri shows that protein helps your body into better blood sugar control by stimulating the release of the hormone glucagon(胰高血糖素)．Aim for a cup that has 20 to 23 grams of protein for your snack.‎ Dark Chocolate Despite often being viewed as a bad dietary food，dark chocolate can help fight off that urge to take a nap in the middle of the day.While dark chocolate does contain small amounts of caffeine，its real power comes from phenyl ethylaraine(苯基乙胺)．Research from Middlesex University in London shows that just smelling chocolate can shift brain activity towards greater attention.‎ ‎1．The underlined expression “that fate” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．‎ A．staying focused B．possessing low energy level C．having a slow nap D．curling up under your desk ‎2．Which of the following statements is true?‎ A．White coffee can’t help us stay focused in the afternoon.‎ B．Eating Almonds regularly can help us lose weight.‎ C．Dark Chocolate can help us have a good nap in the afternoon.‎ D．Having no lunch can help us stay focused in the afternoon.‎ ‎3．The passage mainly talks about ________．‎ A．foods that fight off an afternoon depression B．feelings that we have after we have a delicious lunch C．tips that we should follow to keep healthy D．things that we can do in our office after a good lunch Passage 1‎ ‎(2017·大庆联考)We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don’t move, they don’t make sounds and they don’t seem to respond to anything—at least not very quickly.But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.‎ Over the years, scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds (化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose—to spread information about one plant’s disease or infestation so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.‎ In this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offered some explanations.They had identified one chemical message and traced it all ‎ the way from release to action.‎ The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest, the cutworm. The researchers studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called HexVic. When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of HexVic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the cutworm－killing HexVic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapons to fight off bugs and disease. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.‎ It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. Further studies are needed to increase agricultural efficiency.‎ ‎1．How do plants warn their neighbors?‎ A．They make use of winds.‎ B．They release some chemicals.‎ C．They identify the chemicals.‎ D．They are exposed early.‎ ‎2．What’s the function of HexVic?‎ A．It damages the cutworm’s body.‎ B．It shows up more.‎ C．It cures the disease.‎ D．It sprays over healthy plants.‎ ‎3．It can be inferred from the text that ________．‎ A．there are not chemical signals B．the phenomenon may be happening in less plant species than tomatoes C．farmers may benefit from the further studies D．plants are warned first by their neighbors ‎4．The passage is likely to appear in ________．‎ A．a newspaper advertisement B．a physics textbook C．a science magazine D．a finance report Passage 2‎ ‎(2017·河南六市一模)Ever get that feeling you’re being watched? Well，if you’re a dog－owner，you may have a point.Dogs are able to watch people’s interactions with one another to determine who holds yummier treats，according to a new study.This study joins others that show dogs are good observers of human behaviors and feelings.It offers evidence that dogs use information not only from people’s direct interactions with them，but also their interactions with one another.‎ In the study，dogs watched a man ask two women for some of their corns.Both women gave the man corns when he asked，but in response to one woman，the man showed his enthusiasm and said the corns were so delicious.In response to the other woman，he gave the corns back and called them gross (in Spanish；the study was conducted in Argentina)．After these interactions，the man left and an assistant holding the dog let the dog go.While many dogs didn’t approach either woman，the dogs that did have a preference tended to prefer the woman with the yummier food.‎ Other studies of dogs’ people－watching ability have found dogs are able to tell the ‎ difference between happy and sad faces in their owners.They prefer people who give others food when asked over people who don’t give others food.And in one study，dogs turned toward crying people more often than toward talking people.‎ So how much do dogs really understand about the humans around them? That’s not totally settled yet.In a strange twist to the Argentine study above，when the researchers tried an experiment in which they put two plates of corns on a table and had a man react to each plate，dogs didn’t preferentially approach the tastier plate afterward.You could say dogs watch for the interaction between two persons，not just how a person reacts.Yet a previous study found dogs will choose boxes that people reacted to happily，but not boxes people reacted to with a disgusted face.‎ Well，either way，you can be sure Fluffs is keeping an eye on you，to the best of her ability.The study was published in the journal PLOS One.‎ ‎1．What does the study mentioned in this passage show?‎ A．Dogs prefer yummier foods.‎ B．Dogs can read human actions and feelings.‎ C．Dogs can interact with humans easily.‎ D．Dogs like to copy human’s behavior.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “gross” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A．Healthy. B．Disgusting.‎ C．Yummy. D．Hot.‎ ‎3．Which is one of the procedures of the Argentine study?‎ A．The man had different reactions to the food received.‎ B．One of the women didn’t give the food to the man.‎ C．The assistant accompanied the dogs to get the food.‎ D．Many dogs went to one of the women.‎ ‎4．What can be concluded from Paragraph 4?‎ A．Interactions between two persons confuse dogs.‎ B．Dogs never understand the reaction of one person.‎ C．The findings of some studies are controversial.‎ D．Dogs have good interactions with one another.‎ Passage 3‎ ‎(2017·山西太原摸底)Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live we must communicate with other people.A great deal of communicating is performed on a person－to－person basis by the simple means of speech.If we travel in buses，buy things in shops，or eat in restaurants，we are likely to have conversations：we give information or opinions，and receive news or comment.‎ Face－to－face contact is by no means the only form of communication，and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the leading factors of contemporary society.Two things，above others，have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry.Firstly，inventiveness has led to advances in printing，telecommunications，photography，radio and television.Secondly，speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news，which itself is often almost eclipsed(使失色) by international news.‎ No longer is the possession of information confined to a privileged(有特权的) minority.In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate，but today there are public libraries.Forty years ago people used to flock to the cinema，but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that is being channelled into millions of homes.Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information.The modern communication ‎ industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information，education and entertainment.The printing，broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with informing，educating and entertaining.‎ Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very valuable to the individual and to the society of which he is a part，the vast modern network of communications is open to abuse.However，the mass media are with us for better，for worse，and there is no turning back.‎ ‎1．In the first paragraph the writer emphasizes ________．‎ A．the places humans can have conversations in B．the information humans can convey by speech C．the usefulness of face－to－face contact in society D．the diversity of human communication ‎2．It is implied in the passage that ________．‎ A．local news used to be the only source of information B．local news still takes a significant place C．national news is becoming more popular D．international news is the fastest transmitted news ‎3．Which of the following statements is NOT true? ‎ A．To possess information used to be a privilege.‎ B．Public libraries have replaced private libraries.‎ C．Communication means more than transmission.‎ D．Information influences ways of life and thinking.‎ ‎4．From the last paragraph we can infer that the writer is ________．‎ A．interested in the harmful influence of the mass media B．happy about the great changes in the mass media C．pessimistic about the future of the mass media D．not worried about the wrong use of the mass media Passage 4‎ ‎(2017·河北衡水中学期中)How cool can libraries be in an era(时代)of iPods and Kindles? More than you think.Only if you know where to go.‎ Central Library：Seattle，Washington，United States The Central Library in Seattle is modern and fashionable and has tourists from around the world paying visits and taking tours.It was designed by Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas and American designer Joshua Ramus.Tours began in 2006，two years after its opening.The library holds various art exhibitions，book signings and other events，while visitors can stop by the Chocolate cart for a coffee and scan through the gift shop anytime.‎ Trinity College Library：Dublin，Ireland The Trinity College Library in Dublin is the oldest library in Ireland，founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I．It is the largest single library in the world，also known as the Long Room，which contains more than 200，000 of the library’s oldest books.The Long Room houses one of the oldest harps(竖琴) in Ireland.Dating to the 15th century，the old harp is the model for the symbol foreland.‎ Geisel Library，University of California：San Diego，United States At first glance，it looks like a spaceship.Architect William Pereira，who helped design actual space launch facilities at Cape Canaveral in Houston，Texas，designed the ‎ library in 1970.It has been featured in sci－fi films，short stories and novels.The library hosts “Dinner in the Library，”which invites readers for cocktails，and also a special speech from distinguished authors.‎ TU Delft Library：The Netherlands The library at the Delft University of Technology was constructed in 1997 and has more than 862，000 books，16，000 magazine subscriptions and its own museum.The building itself exists beneath the ground，so you can’t really see the actual Library.What makes it interesting is the roof，which is a grassy hill.The roof covers 5，500 square meters.And it has become one of the most striking and greenest structures in the area.‎ ‎1．Which of the four libraries has the longest history?‎ A．Central Library. B．Trinity College Library.‎ C．Geisel Library. D．TU Delft Library.‎ ‎2．What makes Geisel Library different from the others is that ________．‎ A．famous writers often deliver speeches there.‎ B．it has a roof of a grassy hill C．Queen Elizabeth I founded the library D．it is the largest single library in the world ‎3．In Central Library，you can________．‎ A．buy souvenirs B．drink cocktails C．enjoy sci－fi films D．see the old harp 答案及解析 ‎【高考真题演练】‎ ‎1．2016年高考真题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇科普文章。好多人有晚上睡觉前喝一杯热牛奶的习惯，认为有助于睡眠。但是现在，一项研究发现如果是夜间挤的奶，它确实帮助人们睡眠。‎ ‎1．B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime”可知喝白天挤的牛奶的老鼠比喝夜间挤的牛奶的老鼠更容易焦躁。]‎ ‎2．D　是非判断题。根据第六段中的“taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night”可知，褪黑激素已经制成药物供那些难以入睡的人服用。]‎ ‎3．A　主旨大意题。文章主要说明了喝夜间挤的牛奶与睡眠之间的关系。所以选项A 是文章的最佳标题。]‎ ‎4．D　篇章结构题。详读全文，可以看出作者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章主题的，故选D项。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇议论文，研究表明好消息要比坏消息在网络上传播的更快、更广。‎ ‎1．A　细节理解题。根据首段中的Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.可知，这些规则适用于新闻报道。故选A。]‎ ‎2．C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，像Debbie ‎ Downer那样的人是不替别人着想的。故选 C。]‎ ‎3．B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，人们更愿意发送一些科学类的文章。故选B。]‎ ‎4．D　文章标题题。文章主要表明了通过研究证明了好消息要比坏消息在网络上传播的更快、更广。故选 D。]‎ ‎2．经典高考真题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇科普说明文。短文主要说明了人的食量与房子粉刷的颜色、灯光的明暗等有着密切的关系。它们对人的身材会产生一定的影响。‎ ‎1．B　推理判断题。短文主要说明了饮食与室内光线、墙壁的颜色、餐具的尺寸及进餐的速度等有着密切的关系。显然这对于那些注重体型的人是有所帮助的。故答案为B。]‎ ‎2．B　事实细节题。根据第三段“...people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.”可知，蓝色的用餐环境有助于减少食物摄入量。因此B项正确。]‎ ‎3．C　事实细节题。由第四段第二句可知，进餐快的人比进餐慢的人每顿饭多消耗70卡路里的热量。由此可知A项错误。由第四段倒数第二句中的“turn on relaxing music”可知B项不对。而由第二段首句中的“turn up the lights”可知D项也是错误的。根据最后一段“when we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake jumps by 14 percent.”也可直接推知答案为C。]‎ ‎4．A　标题归纳题。短文首句即为主题句：房子可能影响住户的身材。接下来从房子的颜色、室内灯光等方面说明了对饮食的影响。用A项作标题，既能总括全文，又能吸引读者。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文主要讲述了透明生物的特点、透明原理以及构成机制。‎ ‎1．B　细节理解题。由第一段Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch可知大部分透明的动物都极度易碎，轻微的触摸都能使其受到伤害。选B。]‎ ‎2．D　词义猜测题。上下文语境是你能看到物体——一种是对光进行了散射，另外一种是对光的吸收，既然吸收了，那么光在传播过程中就被完全阻止了。故选D。]‎ ‎3．C　细节理解题。由第五段第一句话make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.可知为了成为透明动物，它需要阻止自己的身体吸光或者是散射光。选C。]‎ ‎4．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light可知，它们不得不让身体中所有的不同的组织降低光的传播速度。故选D。]‎ Passage 3‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇议论文。最新研究表明，父母的参与并不能提高孩子的成绩。‎ ‎1．B　词义猜测题。根据文章的第一句可知，帮助孩子做家庭作业的家长也许真的会让孩子的成绩下降。其他形式的参与也没有多大帮助。involvement涉及；卷入，对应B项中的participation一词。]‎ ‎2．C　推理判断题。从第四段中提供的Robinson调查数据表明：只有20%的父母参与是积极的，而45%的参与是消极的，还有剩下的数据表明，父母的参与没有意义，因此可以看出，父母的参与并不像我们想象的那样有好处。]‎ ‎3．A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话可知，一些亚洲裔美国人父母提出了更合理的方式，他们向自己的孩子传达学校里的成功能怎么样影响他们的未来生活。也就是帮助孩子意识到学校成功的重要性。]‎ Passage 4‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是说明文，主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的，原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。‎ ‎1．C　细节推断题。根据文章第一句可知相对主义文化是地方社会和经济状况的反应。故选择C。]‎ ‎2．A　细节推断题。根据第二段列举的三个例子可以看出艺术作品是没有国界的。故选择A。]‎ ‎3．D　细节推断题。根据文章第三段第一句the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.可知，选择D。]‎ ‎4．A　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的，因此其价值也是共同的。]‎ Passage 5‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇议论文。每个人都有属于自己的生物钟。研究发现：由于某些人的睡眠周期不能与日常事务很好地协调，从而造成睡眠紊乱。有相当一部分人成了半夜不睡觉早晨起不了床的“夜猫子”。‎ ‎1．C　细节理解题。本段最后一句话对以上所述进行总结，也是本段的大意。由此可知C项正确。]‎ ‎2．D　细节理解题。根据“Typically，the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents...”一句可知答案为D。]‎ ‎3．D　词义猜测题。画线单词所在句子的意思是“研究结果表明大约有20%的人可以划分到‘夜猫子’这一类，10%的人可以划分到‘早起的鸟儿’这一类。”因为将其命名为“夜猫子”和“早起的鸟儿”，所以本词与name一词意思最为接近。]‎ ‎4．B　主旨大意题。短文开篇就描述了“夜猫子”‎ 现象，然后从生物学角度进行分析，接下来又与“早起的鸟儿”进行对比说明。因此答案为B。]‎ Passage 6‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一则关于第六届剑桥科技节的通知。‎ ‎1．A　事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“The challenge invites，even dares school students...show their curiosity”可知，在校学生可以参加好奇心挑战，故选A。]‎ ‎2．D　事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“Students who enter the...on Sunday，April 21st.”可知颁奖仪式在4月21日举行，故选D。]‎ ‎3．C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段开头部分“The Cambridge Science Festival is pleased to inform you of...”以及文章最后一段中“The program guidelines and other...at：http：//cambridgesciencefestival.org.”可知本文属于应用文中的“通知”。]‎ Passage 7‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文讲述了科学家Lucy King和她的团队发现大象害怕蜜蜂，并且做实验来证实这个事情。‎ ‎1．D　事实细节题。根据文章第一段“Recordings of angry bees are...farmers’ crop”可知愤怒的蜜蜂为大象所害怕。故选D。]‎ ‎2．B　事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中“Lucy is now studying...she hasn’t tested enough groups yet to know”可知Lucy需要对更多的象群进行实验，故选B。]‎ ‎3．A　事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“Lucy found a wild beehive...and set up a recorder”和第四段中“Lucy switched on the pre－recorded sound...a video camera.”可知Lucy向野蜂窝扔石头是为了激怒蜜蜂以便录下它们的声音。故选A。]‎ ‎4．C　事实细节题。根据文章第二段“In 2002，scientist Lucy King and her team...living in them”一句，可知大象不敢靠近住有蜜蜂的树。故选C。]‎ ‎【模拟试题精练】‎ ‎1．2017年模拟试题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，睡前使用智能手机将导致睡眠问题。‎ ‎1．D　写作意图题。根据第一段的第一句“More than nine out of ten young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed，causing problems with sleep”可知，超过90%的年轻人会在睡前玩智能手机，因此导致睡眠问题；据此可以判断，本文旨在告诉人们不要在睡前玩智能手机，故D项正确。]‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“More than nine out of ten young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed，causing problems with sleep”可知，超过90%的年轻人会在睡前玩智能手机，故B项正确；根据第一段的第二句“A new survey also shows more than 28 million people in the UK regularly get no more than seven hours sleep a night”可知，这些人每晚的睡眠时间不超过7个小时，故A项错误；根据第一段的倒数第二句“Of the 2，149 adults questioned，78% said they used electronic devices before going to bed”可知，这些人中的78%说他们在睡前使用电子设备，故C项错误；根据文章的最后一句“The news came as a survey of 2，000 people suggests under－25s check their smartphones 32 times a day”可知，这些人每天检查智能手机32次而不是30次，故D项错误。]‎ ‎3．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一、二句“Last week revealed opticians were warning that the overuse of smartphones may be increasing people’s risk of eye damage.Optician Andy Hepworth said，‘Blue violet light is potentially harmful to the back of your eyes.’”可知，Andy Hepworth 认为，过度使用智能手机会损伤眼睛，故C项正确。]‎ ‎4．A　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Teenagers are recommended to get more，about nine hours”可知，青少年所需要的睡眠时间是每天大概9个小时，故A项正确。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　 本文讲述了孩子们每天花几个小时看电脑和其他数码设备，一些眼科医生说这样会增加“电脑视觉综合征”患者的数量。 ‎ ‎1．B　正误判断题。根据第四段中的“A person who uses an electronic device blinks about one third as much as we normally do in everyday life.And that can result in the front part of the eye drying and not staying protected like normal”可知，一个使用电脑或者其他数码产品的人眨眼的次数是我们日常生活中正常眨眼次数的三分之一，眨眼能够防止眼睛干燥，保护眼睛。故选B。]‎ ‎2．C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Dr.Bonilla－Warford says part of the problem is that children may be more likely to pay no attention to early warning signs than adults”可知，验光师Bonilla－Warford说儿童比成年人的电脑视力综合征情况严重是因为儿童往往比成年人更容易忽略其早期的症状。故选C。]‎ ‎3．C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“looking at screens for a long period of time”可知，长时间盯着屏幕看会造成视力疲劳，但是没有证据表明它会对眼睛造成损伤。fatigue意为“疲劳”。故选C。]‎ ‎4．D　标题判断题。本文讲述了孩子们每天花几个小时看电脑和其他数码设备，一些眼科医生说这样会增加“电脑视觉综合征”患者的数量。眼科医生推荐了20/20/20规则：每隔20分钟看20英尺外或更远的地方至少20秒钟。故选D项作标题最恰当。]‎ Passage 3‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了转基因食品的发展现状、给人类带来的利弊以及未来的发展趋势。‎ ‎1．C　主旨大意题。总览全文，我们可以发现作者一直讲的是转基因食品的发展现状、给人类带来的利弊以及未来的发展趋势等问题，因此选C。]‎ ‎2．C　事实细节题。根据 “Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals...Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice...nutritionally ‎ improved crops.”可以判断出转基因食品可能会帮助解决人类的营养不良问题。]‎ ‎3．D　推理判断题。根据第二段特别是“In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives.”，我们可以得知转基因食品得到越来越广泛的种植，转基因食品已经从实验室走进了市场中。]‎ ‎4．B　态度判断题。从“the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks？”一句可知作者的态度也处于不确定之中，故选B。]‎ Passage 4‎ ‎【语篇导读】　在喂养宠物时，人们总是喜欢将生肉和骨头给宠物吃，其实这种方式既危险，又没有营养。‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“feeding raw meat to pets is against its goal of protecting the public from health dangers，and that raw meat and bones do not have all the required nutrition”可知，William Burk认为用生肉喂养宠物不仅危险，而且没有营养，故D项正确。]‎ ‎2．C　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“Recognizing how popular these foods are，the FDA has provided guidelines for producers of pet foods which contain uncooked meat for dogs，cats and other pets”可知，由于认识到生食深受欢迎，故FDA为宠物食物生产厂商提供了指导原则，故C项正确。]‎ ‎3．A　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Just as when you are preparing foods for human beings，use hot water and soap to wash your hands，containers，and surfaces that come into contact with the food”可知，正如准备人类食物一样，为宠物准备生食时要用热水和肥皂洗手、容器和与食物有接触的表面，故A项正确。]‎ ‎4．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If pet owners choose to feed bones to their pets，they should watch their pets carefully when they are eating bones”可知，该段建议人们，当宠物吃骨头时，主人应当仔细观察，以防宠物被骨头卡住，故D项正确。]‎ Passage 5‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文主要讲的是蓝鲸的迁移以及有可能引起迁移的原因。‎ ‎1．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“the whales may be following their food moving farther north”可推出，蓝鲸正从南向北移动。故选C。]‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population”可知，选B。]‎ ‎3．B　词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“To identify the blue whales，the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean”可知，为了辨认蓝鲸，研究者看在北太平洋拍的有关cetaceans的照片，所以cetaceans应该指的是鲸类。故选B。]‎ ‎4．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north”可知，研究者怀疑蓝鲸有可能跟随着它们的食物向北移动。故选D。]‎ Passage 6‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项新的数据分析向我们介绍了孤独的危害。‎ ‎1．A　推理判断题。根据第一段的“it’s contagious.It can spread from one person to another”可知，孤独是可以传染的，它可以从一个人传给另一个人，故选A。]‎ ‎2．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“more likely that society will reject them”可知，Cacioppo认为孤独的人可能会被社会抛弃，故选D。]‎ ‎3．B　词义猜测题。根据第五段内容可推知，他们用一种消极的方式去和别人交往，这会减少他们的社会关系，让他们变得孤独，故选B。]‎ ‎4．B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第三句“Therefore，it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness”可知，承认和解决孤独很重要，故选B。]‎ Passage 7‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文介绍了一种用生物可降解材料制成的新型铅笔，这种铅笔可以降解后长成各种各样的植物。‎ ‎1．A　主旨归纳题。根据全文内容来看，这篇文章主要介绍了一种新型的可通过生物降解长成植物的铅笔，有关于科技方面的，因此A选项更符合题意。]‎ ‎2．D　推理判断题。根据全文内容来看，这种铅笔是用生物可降解材料制成的并可以再生成各种各样的产品。因此D选项更符合题意。]‎ ‎3．C　细节理解题。根据全文内容可知这种铅笔现在广受欢迎，销量很大，所以A选项不对；根据文中第三段“$19.95 for a pack of eight”可计算出价格应少于$2.5，所以B选项不对；这种铅笔是在降解以后长成蔬菜等植物，在降解前是不可以吃的，所以D选项不对；根据文中第二段，可推出C选项，故选C选项。]‎ ‎4．C　细节理解题。由第一段和第四段可知C选项正确。根据文中第三段“ The pencils, which were developed by three MIT students in 2012”可知这种铅笔是由三个MIT学生研发出来的，所以A选项不对；根据第四段第一句话“At the time, I was living in Denmark...”可知Stausholm只是住在Denmark，并没有说他是Danish，所以B选项不对；根据文章第四段第二句话“But sustainability is hard to illustrate to consumers.”可知D选项不对。]‎ Passage 8‎ ‎ 　　【语篇导读】　本文针对午饭后精神无法集中的问题，建议了四种有效解决这个问题的食物。‎ ‎1．B　词义猜测题。根据第一段可以看出：一顿丰盛的午饭后，人们往往容易犯困，精力下降，想立刻午睡。接着第二段说针对这种情况，你不用再遭受这种命运了。可以看出，fate指的是上文提到的精力下降问题。]‎ ‎2．B　细节事实题。根据第四段第一句Almonds are a great afternoon recharger that research from Purdue University shows will also aid in your weight－loss efforts.吃杏仁粉可以有助于减肥。]‎ ‎3．A　主旨大意题。全文四个小标题都是介绍的有效抵制午饭后精神不济的食物名称，所以A项正确。]‎ ‎2．经典模拟试题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　人们倾向于认为植物是大自然的装饰品。它们不能移动，不能发出声响，看起来不对任何事情作出反应。但是情况常常并非如此，植物一直都在说话。‎ ‎1．B　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“scientists have reported that different types of plants，from trees to tomatoes，release compounds(化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants”可知，不同种类的植物通过释放一些化合物进而帮助附近的植物，即B项正确。]‎ ‎2．A　考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms，it knocked down their survival rate by 17%”和“Those plants were then able to start producing the cutworm－killing HexVic”可知，A项正确。]‎ ‎3．C　考查推理判断。由文章的最后一句可推知，通过进一步的科学研究可以提高农业效率，农民会从中受益，即C项正确。]‎ ‎4．C　考查推理判断。根据文章内容可推知，本文应该是一篇科研报告性质的文章，即C项正确。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇科普小品文，向读者介绍了科学家们所从事的关于狗具有识别人的行为和情绪的研究成果。‎ ‎1．B　推理判断题。通览全文并结合第二、三段所述可知，通过观察，狗可以 “读懂”人的行为和情感。]‎ ‎2．B　‎ 词义猜测题。男人对其中一位女士的玉米显示出热情并说玉米美味可口，而对另一位女士的玉米做出的反应则是将其送回。由此可推测它的味道可能不好，亦即令人恶心(disgusting)。]‎ ‎3．A　细节理解题。根据短文，尤其是第四段后半部分可知，对于所给的礼物，狗表现出不同的反应。而根据第二段内容可知B、C、D三个选项全是错误的。]‎ ‎4．C　推理判断题。根据第四段可知说明这些研究成果尚未完全达成一致。表示转折的yet也表明研究结果存在争议，难以定论。]‎ Passage 3‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述的内容是：在我们人类生存的社会中，现代大众传媒的方式及其所经历的变化。从人与人之间面对面的交流，到现代的各种大众媒体，新闻报纸、网络等，大众传媒方式的不断改变也极大地改变了人们的生活。‎ ‎1．C　段落大意题。根据首段末句，尤其是“...travel in buses，buy things in shops or eat in restaurants...”这一信息可知乘车、购物、下饭馆时就需要与别人进行沟通。显然作者强调的是面对面交流的“可用性”。]‎ ‎2．D　细节理解题。第二段最后一句提到“……地方新闻常落后于全国新闻，而全国新闻往往又几乎失色于国际新闻。”由此可以推断：国际新闻传播得最快。]‎ ‎3．B　细节理解题，可用排除法解答。根据短文的第三段第一句可知A项正确；根据第四段第一句可知C项正确。根据第四段第二句可知D项正确。而由第三段第二句显然可知选项B不正确。]‎ ‎4．D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，尽管媒体所传播的相当多的东西对个人和社会都是有益的，但现代通讯网络还是遭到滥用(abuse)。尽管如此，不管是更好还是更糟，大众媒介总会伴随我们而不会走回头路。]‎ Passage 4‎ ‎【语篇导读】　‎ 本文是一篇说明文，在iPods和电子阅读器Kindles盛行的今天，图书馆仍然有着它独特的吸引力。作者在本文中介绍了四个图书馆，这些图书馆各有各的特点。 ‎ ‎1．B　细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，中央图书馆于2004年对公众开放，圣三一学院图书馆建于1592年，盖泽尔图书馆设计于1970年，代尔夫特理工大学图书馆建于1997年。所以圣三一学院图书馆历史最悠久，应选择B。]‎ ‎2．A　细节理解题。根据对盖泽尔图书馆的介绍中的最后一句“The library hosts...and also a special speech from distinguished authors.”可知，著名作家常在这里做演讲，这是有别于其他三个图书馆的地方。B项是代尔夫特理工大学图书馆的特点；C项和D项是圣三一学院图书馆的特点。]‎ ‎3．A　细节理解题。根据对中央图书馆的介绍中的最后一句“The library holds various...and scan through the gift shop anytime.”可知，在中央图书馆能买到纪念品。]‎