【推荐】专题5-3+Grammar&Writing-试题君之K三关2017-2018学年高二英语人教版（选修6）

【推荐】专题5-3+Grammar&Writing-试题君之K三关2017-2018学年高二英语人教版（选修6）

Grammar: 复习动词-ing 一、v.-ing形式的定义与分类 ‎ 动词的ing形式是一种非谓语动词。它仍保有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成短语。‎ 动词的ing形式包括动名词与现在分词，也可统称为v.ing形式。动名词在句中用作主语，宾语，表语，定语；而现在分词在句中用作表语、定语、状语与宾语补足语。‎ 二、动名词的基本用法 ‎1．动名词作主语 ‎（1）动词的ing形式作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：‎ ‎ ►Leaving the heating on all the time wastes electricity.‎ ‎ 让暖气整天开着是浪费电力。‎ ‎（2）常用ing形式作主语的句型有：‎ ‎ ①It is a waste of/no good/no use/worthwhile doing...‎ ‎ ②There is no sense/use/good/point in doing...‎ ‎ 如：It's no use arguing with her—she won't listen.‎ ‎ 跟她争论没有用——她不会听的。‎ ‎ ►I could see that there was no point in arguing with him.‎ ‎ 我明白与他争论没有什么意义。‎ ‎2．动名词作宾语 ‎ 动名词可用作某些动词、动词短语及介词的宾语。‎ ‎ ►Your shoes need repairing.你的鞋该补了。‎ ‎ ►The boy admitted stealing the money.这个孩子承认偷了这笔钱。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎(1)常用动名词作宾语的动词及动词短语，我们可以用口诀归纳如下：‎ 考虑建议盼原谅(consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon)‎ 承认推迟没得想(admit，delay/put off，fancy)‎ 避免错过继续练(avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practise)‎ 否认完成停能赏(deny，finish，quit，enjoy/appreciate)‎ 不禁介意准逃亡(can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape)‎ 不准冒险凭想像(forbid，risk，imagine)‎ ‎(2)need，want，require，be worth＋doing表示被动意义 ‎ ►The house need repairing.房子需修理了。‎ ‎ ►The Great Wall is worth visiting.长城值得参观。‎ ‎3. 动名词作表语 ‎ ►It's surprising how quickly those in the public eye fade.‎ ‎ 那些人这么快就从公众心目中消逝，真是想不到。‎ 注意：ing形式作表语时，要与句子主语在形式上保持一致。如：‎ ‎ Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.眼见为实。‎ ‎4. 动名词作定语 ‎ 动名词作定语时，置于被修饰词之间，表示被修饰的名词的用途或者性能。如：‎ ‎ ►sleeping pill (＝a pill which helps you to sleep)安眠药 ‎ ►sleeping car(＝a car for sleeping)卧车 ‎ ►There is some drinking water here.这儿有一些饮用水。‎ 三、现在分词 ‎ 现在分词可在句中作表语、定语、状语与补足语，本单元只讲现在分词作状语。‎ ‎ 现在分词/动词ing形式作状语时，表示的动作或状态与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎是同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。动词ing形式作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果等，多用逗号同句子其他成分隔开。并且可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。‎ ‎1．现在分词(v.ing)的基本形式 动词 形式 意义 以do 为例 一般式 doing 主动式doing 与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。‎ 被动式being done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。‎ 完成式 having done 主动式having done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生。‎ 被动式 having been done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。‎ ‎ ►Hearing the news, they immediately set off.‎ ‎ 听到这个消息，他们立即出发了。‎ ‎ ►Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while.‎ ‎ 写完信后，我听了一会儿音乐。‎ ‎ ►Having been held back by the traffic jam, she couldn't get there on time.‎ ‎ 她被交通阻塞耽搁了，无法准时到达那里。‎ ‎2．现在分词作状语的基本用法 ‎（1）作时间状语。强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，动词ing形式之前可用连词while或when等。‎ ‎ ►Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.‎ ‎ ＝When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend.在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友。‎ ‎ ►While playing the piano, she got very excited.‎ ‎ ＝While she was playing the piano, she got very excited.弹钢琴时(过程中)，她变得十分激动。‎ ‎ ►Having finished their homework, they all went out to play.‎ ‎ ＝After they had finished their homework, they all went out to play.完成作业后，他们都出去玩了。‎ ‎（2）作原因状语。相当于原因状语从句。‎ ‎ ►Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.‎ ‎ ＝As he didn’t recognize the voice, he refused to give the person his address.‎ ‎ 因为没听出那个人是谁，他拒绝把自己的地址给他。‎ ‎ ►Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.‎ ‎ ＝As he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.因为太生气了，他睡不着。‎ ‎（3）作让步状语。相当于一个让步状语从句。有时动词ing形式前可带有连词although，even if，even though等。‎ ‎ ►Although working hard from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food. ‎ ‎ ＝ Although he worked from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food.‎ ‎ 虽然他从早到晚拼命干，但挣的还是不够吃。‎ ‎ ►Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.‎ ‎ ＝Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.‎ ‎ 尽管被告知许多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。‎ ‎（4）作结果状语。作结果状语时，通常放在句末，用逗号与前面的部分隔开；有时为了突出结果，其前可带thus。‎ ‎ ►She was so angry that she threw the plates on the floor, breaking them into pieces.‎ ‎ 她是如此生气以致于把盘子扔在地上，摔得粉碎。‎ ‎ ►The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.‎ ‎ 公共汽车被风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。‎ ‎（5）作条件状语。作条件状语时，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。‎ ‎ ►Taking(＝If you take)the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.‎ ‎ 如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处。‎ ‎（6）表示方式或伴随情况。这种用法可以用并列复合句或两个简单句代替。‎ ‎ ►They came into the classroom singing and laughing.‎ ‎ ＝They sang and laughed, and came into the classroom.他们又唱又笑地走进了教室。‎ ‎ ►He stood leaning against the wall.＝He stood and leaned against the wall.他靠墙站着。‎ 现在分词作状语的注意事项 ‎1. 主语一致 现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，否则就要在分词前加上其自身的逻辑主语构成分词的独立结构。‎ ‎►Mary coming back, they discussed that together.玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。‎ ‎►Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot.天气允许的话，我们就步行去那儿。‎ 分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但不构成语法错误的常见分词(短语)：副词(frankly/generally...) ＋speaking, judging from, talking of, considering等。‎ ‎2. 否定形式 现在分词的否定形式是＂not＋现在分词＂。‎ ‎►Not knowing how to do it, he had to ask for help.因为不知道该怎样做，他不得不寻求帮 ‎1.（2017·北京）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants. ‎ ‎ A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged ‎ ‎2.（2017·天津）The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.‎ ‎ A. being allowed B. allowing ‎ ‎ C. having allowed D. allowed ‎3.（2017·江苏）Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.‎ ‎ A. having developed B. being developed ‎ ‎ C. developed D. developing ‎4.（2016·北京）Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.‎ ‎ A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned ‎5.（2016·天津）The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, _________ air conditioning unnecessary.‎ ‎ A. making B. to make C. made D. being made ‎6.（2016·浙江）I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do __ with students.‎ ‎ A. working B. work C. to work D. worked ‎ ‎7. (2015·北京）The park was full of people, __________ themselves in the sunshine.‎ ‎ A. having enjoyed B. enjoyed ‎ ‎ C. enjoying D. to enjoy ‎8. (2015·重庆）Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.‎ ‎ A. used B. having used ‎ ‎ C. using D. use Ⅰ.句型转换 ‎1．After we have made full of preparations，we are ready for the examination.‎ ‎ →________ ________full of preparations，we are ready for the examination.‎ ‎2．When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood.‎ ‎ →________those pictures，she remembered her childhood.‎ ‎3．Since he was ill，he didn’t go to school yesterday.‎ ‎ →________ ________，he didn’t go to school yesterday.‎ ‎4．His father died and left him a lot of money.‎ ‎ →His father died，________him a lot of money.‎ ‎5．If you go straight down the road，you will find the department store.‎ ‎ →________ ________ ________ ________ ________，you will find the department store.‎ ‎6.Though he worked hard as he did，he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.‎ ‎ →________ ________ ________ ________ ________，he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.‎ ‎7.When we heard the news，we jumped with joy.‎ ‎ →________ ________ ________，we jumped with joy.‎ ‎8.If you look out of the window，you can have a full view of the beach.‎ ‎ →________ ________ ________ ________ ________，you can have a full view of the beach.‎ ‎9.Because he did not know how to do it，he went to his father for help.‎ ‎ →________ ________how to do it，he went to his father for help.‎ ‎10．Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage.‎ ‎ →________ ________ ________，they made me pay for the damage.‎ Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．________________(warn) against the earthquake, the villagers moved outside to see a film. ‎ ‎2．________________(be) still five years old, he went to Japan with his parents.‎ ‎3．________________(open) the window, you will see the garden below.‎ ‎4．He sat at the desk，________________(read) a newspaper.‎ ‎5．________________(not know) her phone number, we couldn't get in touch with her.‎ ‎6．While ______________(watch) TV, we heard the doorbell ring.‎ ‎7．My cousin came to see me from the country, ________________(bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits.‎ ‎8．Weather ________________(permit), we'll go for a picnic the day after tomorrow.‎ ‎9．________(hear) the news, we all jumped with joy.‎ ‎10．________(see) from the hill, we find that the lake looks more beautiful.‎ Ⅲ. 单项填空 ‎1. The supermarket _______ next month will be the biggest one in the city.‎ A. completed B. being completed C. to be completed D. having been completed ‎2. —You look sleepy today. ‎ ‎—_______ not to miss the flight, I didn’t dare to close my eyes the whole night.‎ A. Reminded B. Being reminded C. Reminding D. Having reminded ‎3. _______Wuhu with Shanghai, to be frank，and you’ll find it’s more convenient to live in the former. ‎ A. To compare B. Comparing C. Compare D. Compared ‎4. Meyer and his team were the first _______ how the disease spreads from animals to humans.‎ A. showing B. show C. to show D. shown ‎5. When effectively _______, the feedback we share with students or employees can develop their awareness of their own learning.‎ A. managing B. being managed C. managed D. to manage ‎6. _______ in the training, Marbury couldn’t play in the basketball season.‎ A. Injuring B. Injure C. Injured D. To injure ‎7. _______ opinions on the schedule, we finally reached on agreement.‎ A. Having exchanged B. Exchanging C. Exchanged D. To exchange ‎8. Neil Armstrong was the first man_______ on the moon in July 1969.‎ A. to land B. landing C. Landed D. lands ‎9. _______her dark sunglasses, the star wasnt recognized by crazy fans.‎ A. Hiding behind B. To hide behind C. Hide behind D. Hidden behind ‎10. He gave me a painting with his name _______.‎ A. subscribed B. subscribing C. to subscribe D. subscribe K真题 ‎1. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物 和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。‎ ‎2. B【解析】句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面 允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。 A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行 C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生 D. allowed 表示 被动且完成，故选B。‎ ‎5. A【解析】句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果， 用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但是那是预料不到的结果。 故选A。‎ ‎6. ‎ A【解析】句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起一样快乐。使用非谓语动词作状语，I和work是主谓关 系，用现在分词作时间状语。故选A。‎ ‎7. C【解析】句意：这个公园充满了人，在阳光下他们玩的很尽兴。本题考查非谓语动词。本题非谓语动词 的逻辑主语为people，人们玩得开心为主动的，因此排除B选项；D to enjoy 不定式表示动作未发生， 由题干可知，是过去的动作，因此排除D选项；A having enjoyed 为现在分词的完成形式，一定要发 生在谓语动作之前，根据题意，不符合。故选C。‎ ‎8. C【解析】句意：象古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using是伴随状语。 选C。‎ K好题 Ⅰ.句型转换 ‎1. Having made 2. Seeing 3. Being ill 4. leaving ‎5. Going straight down the road 6. Working hard as he did ‎7. Hearing the news 8. Looking out of the window ‎9. Not knowing 10. Knowing all this Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1.Having been warned　 2.Being　 3.Opening　 4.reading　5.Not knowing　 6.watching　 7.bringing　 8.permitting　 9.Hearing　 10.Seeing Ⅲ. 单项填空 ‎1. C【解析】句意：下个月完工的那个超市将是这个市里最大的超市。根据空后的next month可知，还未完工，用不定式的被动形式。A表示被动，完成；B表示正在进行的被动动作；D表示在主句谓语动作之前已经完成的被动动作。故C项正确。‎ ‎2. A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词中的过去分词的用法。分析题目，可知本题非谓语动词的主语为＂I＂，根据题意得知，与选项＂remind＂构成被动关系，并且＂提醒＂是过去而不是现在的动作，因此选择过去分词＂reminded＂。故选A。‎ ‎6. C【解析】句意：由于在训练中受伤，Marbury不能在这个赛季打篮球了。be injured in在……中受伤，由于其主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略，故选C。‎ ‎7. A【解析】根据主句谓语达成（＂reach＂）发生在非谓语从句谓语交换(＂exchange＂)以后，非谓语从句的谓语应该用完成形式。非谓语从句的逻辑主语是主句主语我们（＂we＂），和谓语交换＂exchange＂构成主动关系，因此用ing的主动完成形式，选A。句意：对日程交换看法以后，我们终于达成了协议。‎ ‎8. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。当名词前有表示次序的词修饰时，常用不定式结构做后置定语。句意：在1969年7月阿姆斯特朗是第一个登上月球的人。故选A项。‎ ‎9. D【解析】考查被动。句意：被她的太阳眼镜挡住了，这个明星就不会被疯狂的粉丝们认出来了。因为是被眼镜挡住，所以选D。‎ ‎10. A【解析】句意：他送给我一张他亲笔署名的油画。subscribe当动词讲时，用作及物动词，表示＂签署＂，与name之间是动宾关系，故用subscribed的形式作宾语补足语。故选D。‎ Writing：如何描写旅游景点 旅游景点介绍实质上是说明文的一种，所以它首先要具备说明文的特点，即要按照一定的结构顺序(时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等)和模式(先总后分、由整体到局部、由概述到细节)来展开描写。其次，要重点突出，详略得当。写作时不一定要面面俱到，要重点描写该旅游景点的特别之处，突出其特色(如其独特的风景特色、历史典故、地理风貌、风土人情、传说故事、民族习俗或名胜古迹等)，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。最后，语言要生动，富有感染力，使读者有身临其境之感且产生强烈的旅游欲望。‎ 此类写作一般分为三部分： ‎ 第一部分：整体介绍。交代清楚自己要介绍的对象是什么。‎ 第二部分：按照一定的顺序具体描写景观，着重展示其最具有代表性的地方，使读者如睹其物，如临其境。‎ 第三部分：总结景观魅力，希望读者能亲身体验该景观。‎ 另外，在写作过程中我们还要注意： ‎ ‎1．合理安排说明顺序。在介绍方位时，最好按空间顺序来写，这样会使读者一目了然，在脑海中有一个清晰的方位图。 ‎ ‎2．时态相对较为统一，多用一般现在时，如涉及到历史事件的描述，则用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．自然景观与人文景观的有机结合：不同的风景区有不同的特点，要对每个地方的自然风景进行描述，同时结合景观的历史及当地的风土人情、生态、环境保护等知识，以达到自然景观和人文景观的和谐统一。‎ ‎4．抒发感情，融情于景。景点介绍不同于一般的说明文，在描写景物时可抒发个人情感，也可对景物进行生动细致的描写。‎ ‎...lie(s) in/on/to the east/west/north/south of...‎ Located in...，...covers an area of...‎ ‎...is located/lies in/to/on...，covering an area of...‎ ‎...has become one of the most popular tourist attractions for...‎ ‎...be known/famous for/as...‎ It has a population/an area of....with a history of...‎ The weather here gets neither too cold nor too hot all the year round.‎ If you come to...for a visit，you will have a chance to enjoy...‎ ‎...，known as...，attracts visitors from all over the world.‎ A walk around...is a feast for your eyes.‎ ‎ 现在，越来越多的大陆游客可以赴台旅游，而日月潭作为台湾的主要景点，很多人并不真正了解，请按照以下要点提示，写一篇介绍日月潭(Sun Moon Lake)的英语短文。‎ ‎1. 日月潭位于台湾的南投县，是台湾最著名的风景区，也是台湾最大的天然湖泊。‎ ‎2. 日月潭处在山地与西部平原之间，受3000万年前喜马拉雅(the Himalayas)造山运动的影响，由玉山(Mt.Yu)和阿里山(Mt.A－li)之间的断裂(ruptured)盆地积水而成。‎ ‎3. 湖中央有一岛屿把湖分成两部分，湖的东北部分圆圆的像太阳，而湖的西南部分弯弯的像月牙，故为日月潭。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Sun Moon Lake Sun Moon Lake is located in Nantou County, Taiwan Province. Sun Moon Lake is the largest natural lake as well as the most wellknown scenic spot in Taiwan.‎ It is such a wonderful place. Why not try a visit?‎ 亮点一：题目简洁明了，直奔主题，让读者一看就知道要介绍什么地方。‎ 亮点二：①②句使用了非限制性定语从句，而且①句使用了全部倒装，显示了作者对语言的超强驾驭能力。‎ 亮点三：最后的＂It is such a wonderful place. Why not try a visit？＂很有鼓动性。‎ ‎ ‎