2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题解题指导课件（112张）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题解题指导课件（112张）

阅读理解 解题指导 专题讲座阅读理解专题系列之（一） 题型解读 技法总述 二、阅读理解之主旨大意题 命题分析 技法指导 以例说法 一、阅读理解题型解读与技法总述 阅读是获取知识和信息的重要途径之一。在英语高考试题中，要求通过阅读文章来解决问题的内容呈加大趋势，这充分体现了阅读的重要性，也从一定程度上体现了各类试题形式的发展方向。这就要求考生平时应多读多看，熟悉各类文体，广泛涉猎各领域的知识，做到有备无患。 根据教学大纲和考试大纲的要求，高考试题应该具有相对的稳定性，因而每年的英语高考试题中阅读理解题型不会有太大的变化，题材涉及社会生活的方方面面。在题材上，叙述故事类仍是主体，而且这类题目中知微见著的考题会增多，科普类文章出现的几率也在上升，自然与地理领域的知识也应格外关注。考生备考时应注意平时阅读 量的积累和做题技巧的培养，不要奢求一蹴而就。高考试题往往对社会和个人的要求具有导向性，所以学生了解时势、养成积极的人生观、有大局意识和拥有厚重的知识积淀，会对将来应对英语高考阅读理解题大有裨益。 熟知阅读理解题的出题意图和常规出题思路对做题有着纲举目张的作用。阅读理解的题目基本上分为四类：主旨大意题，推理判断题，细节理解题，词义猜测题。其中细节理解题考查的比重较大，但推理判断题和主旨大意题失分较多。 阅读理解八大解题要诀 要诀 1 　首尾定位法 这种题的考查形式一般是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后对这些事实进行排序，要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序以及句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生和发展的正确顺序。这种定位法一般适用于主题句鲜明的文章，因为这类文章各段的中心句一般都会在首句或尾句。找到了中心句，就能很快锁定相应的模块，再逐步缩小搜索范围，从而很快地选择正确答案。 要诀 2 　题干定位法 这种方法适用于细节题，主要材料内容有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。做这类题时考生没有必要阅读全文，宜采用 “ 题干定位法 ” ，根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行对比分析，最终确定最佳答案。 要诀 3 　跳读查找法 运用跳读查找法做题时，考生要特别注意题干 ( 包括选项 ) 与原文之间的适当变换。由近几年的高考试题来看直接用原文中的句子来考查的题目很少，一般要进行适当的处理，这种 “ 处理 ” 主要指的是进行同义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念分析和事实归纳等。 要诀 4 　背景常识法 有的题目可能在看了文章之后答案还不明显，这就需要运用一些基本常识甚至借助文化背景来得出正确答案。所以，考生要勤于积累英美等说英语国家的地理环境、历史、风土人情、民俗习惯等方面的知识。 要诀 5 　正选法与排除法 正选法是根据所读材料内容或文中某个句子来比较各个选项，从中选出最符合题意的答案。这是做阅读理解题最常用的一种方法，尤其适用于做难度不大的阅读理解题。 所谓排除法，就是指根据文章内容排除错误选项来确定正确答案的方法。 只要考生经过 “ 是否矛盾？ ( 误否？ )—— 是否有依据？ ( 虚否？ )—— 是否以偏概全 ( 偏否？ )” 的逐级思考过程来分析和辨别每一个选项，那么解题的正确率就会得以提高。正确的答案应该是与原文意义一致的选项，或是经过 “ 三级思考 ” 仍不能被排除的选项。 要诀 6 　演绎推理法和归纳推理法 演绎推理就是从一般性的前提推到特殊性的结论的推理；归纳推理是指从特殊性的前提概括出一般性的结论的推理。考生在运用推理法时要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索；然后再对文字的表层信息进行挖掘和加工，由表及里、由浅入深、从具体到抽象、 从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合和判断等思维活动对文章进行深层处理以及合乎逻辑的推理。此时切忌就事论事、以偏要概全，也不能主观臆想、随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 要诀 7 　情感词汇推断法 每一篇文章都包含作者的某种观点和态度，只不过有的直截了当，有的含而不露 ( 是通过所用词语的褒贬来体现的 ) 。此类题可细分为作者态度题 ( 表明作者的好恶 ) 和作者观点题 ( 表明作者对某事物的观点 ) 。准确把握作者的情感和态度，需要注意以下几点： (1) 作者对某一事物要么支持，要么反对，带中立色彩的词最不 可能是正确答案； (2)“ 漠不关心 ” 类词语一定不对，既然写文章就不会 “ 不关心 ” ； (3) 要区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度； (4) 当作者的态度没有明确表明时，要学会根据作者使用词语的 褒贬性进行判断； (5) 作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联； (6) 一般情况下，带有表示绝对化或过于强烈的选项必错； (7) 持有保留态度的选项比较客观，常常是正确选项。 要诀 8 　词义猜测五法 猜词悟义是考生在英语阅读中必备的能力，同时，词义猜测也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。词义猜测题不仅要求考生要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。另外，考生还应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。 (1) 同义解释法 同义词解释多种多样， or, that is to say, in other words, namely ，破折号等都可以引出解释，同位语 ( 从句 ) 、定语从句或同义词、近义词等也可以进一步对生词解释。考生应该利用这些关键词 ( 句 ) 去猜测词义。 (2) 前后对比法 一个生词的前面或后面有时会出现它的反义词或对比词语，考生由此可推知生词的意思。能体现对比关系的词语很多，主要有 but, yet, however, while, unlike 。 (3) 举例说明法 根据生词后举出的有关例子进行适当归纳，即使不能猜测出生词的确切词义，也能猜出其大致意义。 (4) 上下文暗示法 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都与句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。因此，我们可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而猜测词义。这是近年来高考考查的热点。 (5) 经验常识法 利用考生自身的生活经验及科学常识对生词进行分析和推断。 二、阅读理解之主旨大意题 主旨大意题是阅读理解中要求高、难度大的题型之一，是一种很能体现试题区分度的题型，一般占整个阅读理解题的 10% 左右。主旨大意题要求考生对全文的内容或某一段的内容加以合理的归纳，目的是检查对短文整体或某一段落的理解概括能力。它可以是对文章或段 落中心的陈述，也可以是文章标题的选择。有些文章尤其是说明文和议论文，往往有主题句表明中心思想，段中有主题句展开段落中心。但有些文章，比如记叙文往往没有明确的主题句，需要考生在归纳文章中心、明确作者意图的基础上来概括文章的主旨。 主旨大意题常见的提问方式有： What is the main idea of the passage? What is the main subject of this passage? What is the main topic of this passage? What does the passage mainly discuss? The best title for this passage would be/might be/is ________. What might be the best title of this passage? The most suitable title of the passage is ________. Which is the best suggested title? 常用的掌握大意的方法： 1 ．抓主题句归纳大意。说明文、议论文、新闻报道、科 技文献等文章的主题大意通常出现在文章第一段，抓住了主题句也就抓住了文章的中心。有时主题句也会出现在文章的中间或结尾。因此仔细阅读这类文章的首尾句是关键。 2 ．归纳分析抓大意。有些文章如记叙文、夹叙夹议文通常 是先摆出事实，然后或记叙或论证，最后得出结论，即文章的主题。 3 ．抓住高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕一个主题展开的， 因此文章中会反复出现一个中心词，即高频词，抓住了它，也就抓住了文章的中心。 (2019· 安徽高考， D 篇 )Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer ( 征服 ) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country. In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage ( 短缺 ) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851. For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace. The Irish are famous for being warmhearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “ the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived ( 复兴 ) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc. 语篇解读： 本文为说明文，主要介绍了爱尔兰的历史、人口、生活、文化等内容。 68 ． What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1? ( 　　 ) A ． How the Irish fought against the English. B ． How Ireland gained independence. C ． How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. D ． How two “Irelands” came into being. 提示： 主旨大意题。利用要诀 6 演绎推理法和归纳推理法。 解析： 概括第一段可知，本段主要介绍了爱尔兰一段与众不同的历史，即在被英国统治了几百年后，北爱尔兰成为英国的一部分，而南爱尔兰则获得独立，成立了 “ 爱尔兰共和国 ” 。由此可以看出，本段主要介绍了 “ 两个爱尔兰 ” 是如何形成的。故答案为 D 项。 答案： D 69 ． We learn from the text that in Ireland ______. A ． food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population B ． people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside C ． it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker D ． different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments 提示： 推理判断题。利用要诀 1 首尾定位法。 解析： 根据第二段首句提到，在 19 世纪 40 年代，爱尔兰的主要农作物 —— 土豆受到病害的影响，有大约 750,000 人死于饥饿，且还讲到，食物缺乏是爱尔兰人移民的一个原因。由此可知，食物缺乏导致了人口减少。 答案： A 70 ． The last paragraph is mainly about ______. A ． the Irish character B ． Irish culture C ． Irish musical instruments D ． a famous Irish writer 提示： 主旨大意题。利用要诀 6 演绎推理法和归纳推理法。 解析： 概括最后一段可知，本段主要介绍了爱尔兰的文化，故答案为 B 项。其余选项本段虽有所提及，但都属于本段的部分内容，无法概括本段大意，故可排除。 答案： B 71 ． What can be the best title for the text? ( 　　 ) A ． Life in Ireland B ． A Very Difficult History C ． Ireland, Past and Present D ． The Independence of Ireland 提示： 主旨大意题。利用要诀 6 演绎推理法和归纳推理法。 解析： 概括全文可知，本文主要从几个方面介绍了过去的爱尔兰和现在的爱尔兰。故答案为 C 项。其余选项都是本文的部分内容， A 项是第三段的内容； B 项是第一段的内容； D 项也是第一段的内容。 答案： C 专题讲座阅读理解专题系列之（二） 命题分析 技法指导 以例说法 阅读理解之细节理解题 细节理解是文章的有机组成部分，是作者表达中心思想的具体手段。读者要准确理解一篇文章，就必须重视人名、日期、事实、数据和地点等。以下就是细节理解题型考查的内容： 1 ．以 who, what, when, where 等疑问句开头提问短文具体内容。 2 ．句意转换理解。 3 ．就文中具体内容进行简单计算、排序、识图等。 4 ．以 According to the text, From the text 开头，考查某一细 节。这类题型主要有三种形式：问句式、不完整的陈述句式和排除式。 1 ．问句式 How did something happen? Which of the following should people (not) do it? Where should somebody do something? 2 ．不完整的陈述句式 Something can be best classified as ________. According to the author, “it” was caused by ________. 3 ．排除式 Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? Which of the following is not included in the passage? 事实细节题可分为两种类型： (1) 基本信息题。答案几乎可以直接从原文中获得，答案和 原文中含相关信息的句子在用词上也几乎相同； (2) 是非判断题。相对于前者，这类题有较大难度，题目虽 来源于文章的相关细节，但往往涉及的细节内容较多，而且可能是在文章的不同段落。 在解答事实细节题时，要注意： (1) 忠于原文，选择的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息， 不可根据自己的主观假设或推测来取舍。 (2) 要重视人名、日期、事实、数据和地点等，这是细节 题考查的内容。 (3) 应学会快速辨认和记忆事实或细节，可用 “ 查读法 ” ，即 带着问题寻找答案。在阅读过程中对一些涉及 who( 何人 ) ， what( 何事 ) ， when( 何时 ) ， where( 何地 ) ， how( 怎样 ) ， why( 为何 ) 等常考的细节内容做适当的标记，以便解题时迅速、准确地查找。 Winners Club You choose to be a winner! (2019· 江西高考， B 篇 )The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers. It has been made to help you better manage your money. The Winners Club is a transaction account ( 交易账户 ) where you receive a keycard so you can get to your money 24/7 — that's 24 hours a day, 7 days a week! It's a club with impressive features for teenagers: ●No account keeping fees! You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees.In fact, there are no account keeping or transaction fees! ●Excellent interest rates! You want your money to grow.The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits ( 储蓄 ) without taking them out in a month. ●Convenient Teenagers are busy — we get that. You may never need to come to a bank at all. With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet ...You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account.This could be your pocket money or your pay from your parttime job! ●Mega magazine included Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money.There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members. The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers.And it is so easy to join.Simply fill in an application form.You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian (so we can organize that cool keycard) but it is easy.We can't wait to hear from you. It's the best way to choose to be a winner! 语篇解读： 本文是一则广告， 介绍了专门为青少年设计的一项账户服务 —— Winners Club ， 并从多个角度进行了全面介绍。 61 ． The Winners Club is a bank account intended for________. A ． parents 　　　　　　　　 B ． teenagers C ． winners D ． adults 提示： 细节理解题。利用要诀 3 跳读查找法。 解析： 题干与原文中的第一句是进行的同义句转换。 be designed for ＝ be intended for 专为 …… 设计的。根据文章第一段第一句 “ The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers.” 可知， “ the Winners Club” 是专门为青少年而开设的，所以答案为 B 项。 答案： B 62 ． Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners 、 Club? ( 　　 ) A ． Special gifts are ready for parents. B ． The bank opens only on workdays. C ． Services are convenient for its members. D ． Fees are necessary for the account keeping. 提示： 细节理解题。利用要诀 5 中的排除法。 解析： 第三部分主要介绍这项服务的方便之处，所以对于办理该业务的青少年来说是非常便利和快捷的，答案为 C 项； A 项未提到；根据文章前面的介绍可知，银行应该是全天 24 小时，每周 7 天营业，而非只是在工作日，所以 B 项排除；文章第一部分提到不收取账户管理费，所以 D 项错误。 答案： C 63 ． The Winners Club provides magazines which________. A ． encourage spending B ． are free to all teenagers C ． are full of adventure stories D ． help to make more of your money 提示： 细节理解题。利用要诀 2 题干定位法。 解析： 考生可以由题干入手，回到文中去查找相关段落，从而得出答案。根据特色最后一点 “ Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money.” 可知，办理该业务的青少年除了可以收到定期报告外，还可以免费得到一份杂志，里面有很多好的建议或办法可以帮助他们赚取更多的钱，所以答案为 D 项； A 项和 C 项未提到； B 项错在这份杂志并不是对所有的青少年都是免费的，所以排除。 答案： D 64 ． If you want to be a member of the Club, you must________. A ． be an Internet user B ． be permitted by your parent C ． have a big sum of money D ． be in your twenties 提示： 细节理解题。利用要诀 3 跳读查找法。 解析： 根据最后一段 “ You will have to get permission from your parent ...” 可知，办理此项银行业务要得到父母的同意或许可，所以 B 项正确；该服务介绍第三点中提到办理业务有多种形式，其中包括使用网络，但不是必须的，所以 A 项错误；由第一点中 “ You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees.” 可知，办理此项银行业务的不一定都是有钱人，所以 C 项排除； D 项要求办理业务者年龄在二十几岁，文中并未提到。 答案： B 65 ． What is the purpose of this text? ( 　　 ) A ． To set up a club. B ． To provide parttime jobs. C ． To organize keycards. D ． To introduce a new banking service. 提示： 推理判断题。利用要诀 6 归纳推理法。 解析： 通读全文可知，文章主要是介绍一项新的银行服务项目，所以答案 D 项正确。 答案： D 专题讲座阅读理解专题系列之（三） 阅读理解之推理判断题 命题分析 技法指导 以例说法 阅读理解之推理判断题 在阅读中，如果文章作者运用的语言比较直率，表达比较直截了当，那么即便我们仅仅理解其字面意思，也不会影响我们的理解。然而，大多数情况下，我们所读的文章比较含蓄，作者经常把需要我们理解的意思不直接表达出来，而期待我们去领悟文章的内在含义。这种情况下， 如果我们只理解语言的字面意思，就会妨碍我们对文章真正内涵的理解。我们只有通过作者所提供的信息，进行推理、作出结论，才能达到真正理解文章的目的。在推理时，我们必须： 1 ．理解文章的字面意义； 2 ．注意作者遣词造句的特点，弄清词的含蓄意义； 3 ．时刻提醒自己，作者想让我们推断什么； 4 ．利用文章中明确表示的内容，进行推理，挖掘作者在文 章中的隐含意义。 推理判断题的命题方式一般有： We can infer from the passage that ________. The story suggests that ________. The writer of this passage intends to ________. The writer's purpose of writing the passage is to ________. The passage is probably taken from ________. The writer of the passage considers it ________. Which of the following best describes the character of something? 推理判断是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。关键是要对文章已给的信息进行合理的分析判断，做到 “ 有理有据 ” 。考生应主要注意以下几点： 1 ．要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和 线索，这是推理的前提和基础。 2 ．要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入 深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断，进行符合逻辑地推理。 3 ．要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足 已知，推断未知。不能主观臆断、凭空想象，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 4 ．要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。 (2019· 福建高考， A 篇 )Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance.It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected.When alcohol is consumed, it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant ( 抑制药 ), damaging eyesight, judgement and coordination ( 协调 ), slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents.Even below the drink driving limit, driving will be affected. Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice.To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee. The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is: ●50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 ml of blood; or ●22 micrograms of alcohol per 100 ml of breath; or ●67 milligrams of alcohol per 100 ml of urine ( 尿液 ) ． Drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested. Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $ 25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 drivingoffence points; or temporarily banned from driving. The same punishment applies to failing to provide specimens ( 样本 ) for breath, blood or urine tests without good excuse. Drink driving is a criminal offence.Be a responsible driver, think before you drink.For the safety of yourself and other road users, never drive after consuming alcohol. 语篇解读： 酒后驾车是一种危险的行为，会对他人、对自己造成巨大的威胁，所以酒后驾车会受到处罚。因此司机应该对自己、对他人负责，切勿酒后驾车。 56 ． The first paragraph is mainly about______. A ． the introduction of driving skills B ． the damage of drinking to your body C ． the effect of drinking on driving D ． the process of alcohol being absorbed 提示： 主旨大意题。利用要诀 6 演绎推理法和归纳推理法。 解析： 第一段主要介绍了喝酒对于司机开车方面的影响：视力，判断力和协调能力下降；反应时间变慢；增加了发生事故的风险。故选 C 项。 答案： C 57 ． The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “______” ． A ． alcohol 　　　　　　　　 B ． absorption C ． blood D ． process 提示： 词义猜测题。利用要诀 8 上下文暗示法。 解析： it 通常指上文提到的名词或事情，上文主要讲述 “ 除掉身体里的酒精是一个非常缓慢的过程 ” ，由此推出本句的 it 指代前面的 process 。 答案： D 58 ． Which of the following is TRUE according to the A ． Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect on driving. B ． Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk with fruit juice. C ． Having a cup of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from the body. D ． 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below the drink driving limit. 提示： 推理判断题。利用要诀 5 正选法与排除法。 解析： 由第一段最后一句可知，即使酒精含量低于酒后驾车的限制，开车也会受到影响，由此排除 A 项；由第二段最后一句可知，像洗澡或喝茶或咖啡等措施都不能使这个过程加快，由此排除 C 项；由第三段第一句可以排除 D 项；由第二段第二句可知，酒与果汁混到一起喝时身体对酒精的吸收会加快。故选 B 项。 答案： B 59 ． A driver suspected of drink driving ______. A ． should provide specimens for testing B ． will be forbidden to drive for 3 years C ． will be punished for 10 drivingoffence points D ． should pay a maximum fine of HK $25,000 提示： 推理判断题。利用要诀 4 背景常识法。 解析： 根据生活常识，被怀疑酒后驾驶的司机要提供样本检测。由倒数第二段可知，不提供样本检测的司机也要受到同样的惩罚。由此可推出，被怀疑喝酒的司机应该提供样本供检测。 B 项、 C 项和 D 项叙述的对司机的处罚措施，必须在确定司机喝酒之后才能实施。故选 A 项。 答案： A 专题讲座阅读理解专题系列之（四） 阅读理解之词义猜测题 命题分析 技法指导 以例说法 阅读理解之词义猜测题 阅读中有生词是难免的，而利用文章所提供的语境去推测生词的意义是阅读的必备技能之一。词义猜测题是高考必考的题型，一般占阅读理解总题量的 10% 左右。所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。 常见的命题方式： The phrase “...” could be replaced by ________. The word “...” in the paragraph refers to ________. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph ？ /What does the underlined word mean? Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “...” ？ Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...” ？ 词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有： (1) 利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以 要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推。 (2) 利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往 在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易。 (3) 利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折 关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如 but, or, however, so, because 等。 (4) 利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意 思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。 (2019· 浙江高考， A 篇 )One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path. That's when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks. Ceely's near _ miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device ( 导航仪 ). She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train ， ” she told the BBC. Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely's story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it's not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards. The problem with his argument in the book is that it's not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A mapmaker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn't say. It's a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computerbased locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it's also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors. The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology. If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long. 语篇解读： 随着时代的发展，科技越来越先进，人类也越来越依赖科技，但有时候科技也会给人们带来麻烦，文章中作者将会告诉我们什么呢？让我们去了解一下吧！ 41 ． What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident ？ ( 　　 ) A ． She was not familiar with the road. B ． It was dark and raining heavily then. C ． The railway workers failed to give the signal. D ． Her GPS device didn't tell her about the crossing. 提示： 推理判断题。利用要诀 3 跳读查找法与要诀 5 中的排除法相结合。 解析： 从文章第二段 she blamed it on her GPS device; Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I ... train ， ” she told the BBC. 可以看出， Ceely 怪罪的是这个导航仪没有给她提示出这个铁路道口的存在。 答案： D 42 ． The phrase “near miss” (Paragraph 2) can best be replaced by ________. A ． close hit 　　　　　　　 B ． heavy loss C ． narrow escape D ． big mistake 提示： 词义猜测题。利用要诀 8 中的上下文暗示法。 解析： 由上下文暗示可知， near miss 是对第一段撞车事故的概括，相当于 narrow escape ，表示 “ 幸免于难 ” 的意思。 答案： C 43 ． Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with ？ ( 　　 ) A ． Modern technology is what we can't live without. B ． Digital technology often falls short of our expectation. C ． Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be. D ． GPS error is not the only cause for Ceely's accident. 提示： 细节理解题。利用要诀 5 正选法与排除法。 解析： 从文章第三段可以看出， Rick Stevenson 表明 “ 技术是有局限性的 ” ，数字技术不一定能满足人们的所有愿望。 答案： B 44 ． In the writer's opinion, Stevenson's argument is________. A ． onesided B ． reasonable C ． puzzling D ． wellbased 提示： 细节理解题。利用要诀 7 情感词汇推断法。 解析： 从第四段 “ The problem with his argument in the book is that it's not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes.” 可以看出，作者指出 Rick Stevenson 的观点是片面的。 答案： A 45 ． What is the real concern of the writer of this article ？ ( ) A ． The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts. B ． The relationship between humans and technology. C ． The shortcomings of digital devices we use. D ． The human unawareness of technical problems. 提示： 主旨大意题。利用要诀 6 演绎推理法和归纳推理法。 解析： 从第六段 “ The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.” 可以推断出，作者最关心的是科技与人类的关系，故 B 项正确。 答案： B