专题05+冠词（三）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

专题05+冠词（三）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

‎ ‎ 冠词离不开名词，掌握冠词首先要弄清名词的性质，即可数还是不可数；其次要掌握冠词的基本用法，即什么情况下用不定冠词，什么情况下用定冠词，什么情况下不用冠词。另外还考查冠词在固定词组中的运用。‎ 考点三 不用冠词的情况 ‎1. 物质名词，抽象名词前常不用冠词，但表示特指时要用冠词。‎ ‎1. India attained ______ independence in 1947, after ______ long struggle. (2013全国I)‎ A.不填; a B. the; a C. an;不填 D. an; the ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】independence为抽象名词，前不加冠词；a long struggle意为“长期斗争”。‎ ‎2. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up ______ meat processing factory of his own one day. (2012安徽)‎ ‎ A. /；a B. /；the C. the; a D. the; the ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. It’s ______ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ‎ ‎______ pleasure. (2010 福建)‎ A. 不填，a B. a, 不填 C. the, a D. a; the ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】feeling“感觉”，是可数名词，a good feeling“一种美好的感觉”；pleasure是抽象名词，前面不用冠词。‎ ‎4. Some people fear that __________ air pollution may bring about changes in __________ weather around the world. (2009江西)‎ A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ 【解析】pollution是抽象名词，前面不用冠词；weather虽是不可数名词，但有around the world修饰，表特指，应用定冠词。‎ ‎2. 复数名词表示泛指或类别时，前不用冠词。‎ ‎1. The Smiths don’t usually stay at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea. (2012江西)‎ ‎ A．/; a B．the; the C．/; the D．the; a ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】复数名词hotels表示泛指，前不用定冠词；by the sea意为“在海边”。‎ ‎2. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ______ people from all walks of life are working hard for ______ new Jiangsu. (2010 江苏)‎ A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; a D. the; the ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. 表示头衔、职务的名词做表语、补语或同位语时，其前不用冠词。‎ ‎1. Sam has been appointed _______ manager of the engineering department to take ____ place of George. ‎ ‎(2012重庆)‎ A. /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. /; the ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】 表示职位的manager前不用冠词；take the place of是固定短语，表示“代替……”。‎ ‎2. Dr Peter Spence, ______ headmaster of the school, told us, “______ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” (2011四川)‎ A.不填；A B.不填；The C. the; The D. a; A ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ 【解析】表示职务的名词前不用冠词；a fifth of pupils指“五分之一的学生”，这里的a相当于one。‎ ‎4. 在“by+名词”构成的短语中。‎ ‎1. We went right round to the west coast by __________ sea instead of driving across __________ continent. （2008江苏）‎ A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】by sea意为“乘船，走水路”，by表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词；continent前加定冠词the，特指欧洲大陆。‎ ‎2. We went right round to the west coast by __________ sea instead of driving across __________ continent. （2008江苏）‎ ‎ A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ 【解析】by sea为固定搭配，sea前不加冠词；continent前加定冠词the，特指欧洲，continent还可大写。‎ ‎5. 某些个体名词表示抽象意义时，前面不用冠词。‎ ‎1. George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr Anderson, but he was sure it was __________ Sunday because everybody was at __________ church. （2007 重庆）‎ A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. This book tells __________ life story of John Smith, who left __________ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. （2005 辽宁）‎ A. the; the B. a; the C. the; / D. a; /‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ 【解析】这里是特指John Smith的人生经历，因此，life story前用定冠词；leave school意为“毕业”，school在此为抽象名词，非特指时前面不用冠词。‎ 注意： ‎ ‎1. 当一个可数名词前面有不至一个形容词修饰时，只在第一个形容词前加不定冠词。例如：‎ In communication, a smile is usually ______ strong sign of a friendly and ______ open attitude.‎ ‎ (2011重庆)‎ A. the; / B. a; an C. a; / D. the; an ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】 第一个空表示“一种/个……”，用不定冠词；friendly和open是两个并列的形容词 作定语，故只在第一个形容词前加冠词。‎ ‎2. man作“人类”讲时，前面不用冠词。例如：‎ ‎ Animals are obviously ______ lower form of life than _______ man. (2013江西)‎ A. a ; / B. the ; the C. a ; the D. / ; /‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ 【解析】第一个空表示类别，应用不定冠词；man做“人类”讲时，不用冠词。‎ ‎6. 在一些固定短语中不用冠词。‎ ‎1. Many lifestyle patterns do such ______ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body. (2010浙江)‎ ‎ A. a；/ B. /；the C. a; the D. /；/‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ 【解析】do harm/good to是固定搭配，意为“对……有害/益”；第二个空指体质的变弱，是特指，用定冠词。‎ ‎2. According to the reports, one of the rare animals, ______ South China Tiger, is in ______ danger of dying out. (2009北京)‎ ‎ A. a; the B. /; / C. /; the D. the; /‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 注意牢记不用冠词的一些固定短语：‎ after class/school 下课后/放学后 in class/school 在课堂上/在上学 at first 起初，一开始 at home 在家 at night 在晚上 at last 最后，终于 at present 当前 at war 处于交战 by chance 偶尔，碰巧 by mistake 失误，弄错 day by day 一天一天地 day after day 日复一日 day and night 日日夜夜 year by year 一年又一年地 year after year 年复一年地 one by one 一个接一个地 face to face 面对面地 from time to time 不时地 from morning till night 起早贪黑地 arm in arm 手挽手地 hand in hand 手拉手地 side by side 肩并肩地 in danger 处于危险中 in fact 实际上 in trouble 陷入困境 on foot 步行 out of job/work 失业 out of date 过时 go to school/university/college/bed/church/work 上学/大学/睡觉/做礼拜/上班 catch fire 着火 have dinner 进餐 take care of 照顾 take part in 参加 take place 发生 牢记一些用不用冠词意思完全不同的词组：‎ with child 怀孕 in word 在口头上 with a child 带着孩子 in a word总之 of age 成年 at table进餐 of an age 同龄 at the table 在桌子旁 in front of 在……（外的）前面 out of question 毫无疑问的 in the front of在……（内的）前面 out of the question 不可能的 in charge of 掌管 by day 在白天 in the charge of 在……的掌管下 by the day 按天算 in possession of 拥有 take place 发生 in the possession of 为……所有 take the place 代替 by sea 由海路 in prison 坐牢 by the sea 在海边 in the prison 在监狱里 in red 穿红衣服 on earth 究竟 in the red 亏损 on the earth 在地球上 in future 今后 five of us 我们中的五人 in the future 在将来 the five of us 我们五个人 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 巩固练习：‎ ‎1. Now we can pick up __________ weather information from __________ new type of weather satellite. ‎ ‎ A. the; a B. /; / C. /; a D. a; a ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ 【解析】information是不可数名词，前面不用冠词；“某类人或物”用“a type of +名词”。‎ ‎2. Washing machines made by China have won __________worldwide attention and Haier has become __________popular name. ‎ A. a; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ 【解析】attention是抽象名词，前面不用冠词；name是可数名词，在此表泛指，故用不定冠词。‎ ‎3. Reading is __________ good habit. Stick to it, and you’ll make __________ great progress.‎ ‎ A. a; / B. a; a C. the; a D. /; /‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ 【解析】habit是可数名词，表示某种习惯，其前用不定冠词；progress是不可数名词，前面不用冠词。‎ ‎4. Many people have come to realize that they should go on __________ balanced diet and make __________ room ‎ in their day for exercise. ‎ ‎ A. a; / B. the; a C. the; the D. /; a ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5. In face of __________ failure, it is most important to keep up __________ good state of mind.‎ ‎ A. /; a B. a; / C. the; / D. /; the ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ 【解析】 failure是抽象名词，前面不加冠词；第二个空表示“某一……”，应用不定冠词。‎ ‎6. I usually don’t have much for __________ breakfast, but I had __________ big breakfast today.‎ ‎ A. the; the B. /; / C. /; a D. a; the ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ 【解析】breakfast, lunch, supper等三餐前一般不用冠词，但这些名词前面如果有定语修饰，则要加不定冠词。‎ ‎7. Festivals can be held as an honor to __________ famous people. One of these is the Dragon Boat Festival in China, which honors __________ famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan.‎ ‎ A. /; the B. the; a C. /; a D. the; the ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ 【解析】famous people泛指，不加冠词；famous ancient poet 特指“古代诗人屈原”，故加the。‎ ‎8. — Are you sure to help me find __________ bed for my new house?‎ ‎ — Of course, but not now. I’m heading for __________ bed.‎ ‎ A. a; a B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9. The driver was at __________ loss when __________ word came that he was forbidden to ‎ drive for running the red light several times.‎ ‎ A. a; / B. a; the C. the; the D. /; /‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ 【解析】at a loss意为“不知所措”，是固定表达；word在这里表示“消息”，前不用任何冠词。‎ ‎10. It is known that drivers who are tired and sleepy on __________ road are likely to have _________ accidents. ‎ ‎ A. a; the B. /; / C. the; the D. the; /‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ 【解析】road是具体名词，前面应用冠词；accidents是复数名词，表示类别，前面不用冠词。‎ ‎ ‎