2017届高考英语（外研版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修4-Module+4+Great+scientists

2017届高考英语（外研版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修4-Module+4+Great+scientists

‎ [话题素材]‎ 好词 ‎1．achievement n. 功绩；成就 ‎2．ambition n. 雄心；抱负 ‎3．breakthrough n. 突破；重大进展 ‎4．contribution n. 贡献 ‎5．energetic adj. 精力旺盛的 ‎6．creative adj. 有创造力的 ‎7．be devoted to 致力于；专心于 ‎8．be honored as 被誉为……‎ ‎9．be gifted at 对……有天赋 ‎10．be skilled in sth.在……方面熟练 ‎11．graduate from 从……毕业 ‎12．make great contributions to 对……做出巨大贡献 ‎13．make efforts to_do sth.努力做某事 ‎14．regard...as...认为……是 ‎15．set a good example to为……做出好榜样 佳句 ‎1．He is considered as an inspiring leader and people have come to love him.‎ 作为一个鼓舞人心的领导，人们已经开始喜欢他了。‎ ‎2．It is the perfect invention for those people who are unwilling to wear a helmet while_riding bikes.‎ 对于那些不愿戴头盔骑自行车的人来说，这是一个完美的发明。‎ ‎3．Clearly, every grownup today would understand the world he lives in much better if he knew something about physics.‎ 如果每一个成年人懂得一些物理知识，无疑地他会更好地理解自己所生活着的这个世界。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ Stephen Hawking is one of the greatest scientists in the world as a result of his scientific discoveries.‎ He was born and brought up in a welleducated family in Oxford. He graduated from Oxford University. In the 1960s, he was diagnosed with motor neurone disease.‎ Though he couldn't move and couldn't speak, he still spoke to others through a special ‎ computer and didn't give up his research. He worked hard and always kept himself reading books for hours. He wrote about black holes in space. His book A Brief History of Time was published in 1988 and is still a bestseller.‎ His devotion to science has converted a victim with physical disability into a leading figure in science.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．figure (n.) 人物；形象；数字 ‎2．publish (vt.) 出版；发行 ‎3．support (vt.&n.) 支持；赡养 ‎4．replace (vt.) 取代；以……代替 ‎5．quality (n.) 质量 ‎6．escape (vi.) 逃跑；逃避 ‎7．straight (adj.) 直的；坦率的 ‎8．producer (n.) 生产者→produce (vt.) 生产→production (n.) 产量 ‎9．leading (adj.) 主要的→lead (vt.) 领导；引导→leader (n.) 领导；领袖 ‎10．educate (vt.) 教育→educator (n.) 教育家；教育工作者→education (n.) 教育 ‎11．original (adj.) 原来的；最初的→origin (n.) 起源 ‎12．export (vt.) 出口→import (vt.) 进口 ‎13．brief (adj.) 简短的；简洁的→briefly (adv.) 简短地；简洁地 ‎14．physical (adj.) 身体的；物理学的→physically (adv.) 身体上地 ‎15．graduate (vi.) 毕业； (n.) 毕业生→graduation (n.) 毕业 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．bring_up　　　　　　　　培养；养育 ‎2．as_a_result_of 由于……的结果 ‎3．be_known_for 因……而出名/闻名 ‎4．earn_one's_living 谋生 ‎5．come_to_power 掌权 ‎6．bring_in 引进；带来 ‎7．convert...into... 把……转化为……‎ ‎8．be_diagnosed_with... 被诊断为……病 ‎9．the_key_to_doing_sth. 做某事的关键 ‎10．experiment_with... 对……进行实验 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．keep＋宾语＋v.ing (作宾语补足语)‎ The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep_the_rocket_moving in a straight direction.(教材P39)‎ 这些管子被绑到一根长木棍上，这根木棍能使火箭直线前进。‎ ‎2．not everybody表示部分否定 But not_everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.(教材P39)‎ 但并不是每个人都想在战争中使用火箭。‎ ‎3．现在分词短语充当结果状语 Or was he carried miles into space, becoming_the_worlD s_first_astronaut？(教材P39)‎ 或者是他被送入了太空，成为了世界上第一个宇航员？‎ ‎4．现在分词短语充当原因状语 Moving_in_a_wheelchair_and_speaking_through_a_special_computer,_ he has become the voice of science.(教材P37)‎ 靠轮椅来移动并且通过特殊的电脑讲话，他已经成为了科学界的权威。‎ ‎5．the key to...“……的关键”to为介词 He thought that the_key_to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.(教材P32)‎ 他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的稻米，并且能更快地生产出来。‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．From an early age he was ________ (interest) in plants.‎ 答案：interested ‎2．And then he could produce a new plant ________ could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.‎ 答案：which ‎3．The research ________ (support) by the government.‎ 答案：was supported ‎4．In Pakistan rice is the ________ (two) most important crop after wheat and will ________ (grow) in many parts of the country.‎ 答案：second; be grown ‎5．________a result of Yuan Longping's discoveries Chinese rice production rose ________ 47.5 percent in ________ 1990's.‎ 答案：As; by; the ‎6．Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of ________ (explod) in it.‎ 答案：exploding ‎7．The Chinese discovered that the gas ________(escape) from the tube could lift it into the air.‎ 答案：escaping ‎8．The tubes were attached ________ a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving ________ a straight direction.‎ 答案：to; in ‎9．One ________ (Italy) scientist even invented a rocket ________ could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship.‎ 答案：Italian; which ‎10．No one ________ (know) what happened.‎ 答案：knows ‎1　　support　vt.& n．支持；拥护；支撑；供养 The research was supported by the government.(P33)‎ 这项研究得到了政府的支持。‎ ‎(1)support sb. in sth. 在某方面支持某人 support a family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生 ‎(2)give/lend support to 支持 in support of 支持；拥护 ‎①[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]More and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to_support their study for the degree.‎ 越来越多的学生利用间隔年来挣钱以支撑学习的费用。‎ ‎②[2013·陕西高考]These measures are strongly supported by environmental groups.‎ 这些措施得到了环保组织的强烈支持。‎ ‎③[牛津词典]Only a few people spoke in support of the proposal.‎ 只有几个人表示支持这一提议。‎ ‎④[牛津词典]The government supported the unions in their demand for a minimum wage.‎ 政府支持这些工会组织提出的确定最低工资的要求。‎ 图解助记 ‎⑤写出下列各句中support的意思 a．The middle part of the bridge is supported by two huge towers.________‎ b．They supported us in the struggle for an increase in pay.________‎ c．Her job is the family's only means of support.________‎ 答案：a.支撑　b．支持，拥护　c．赡养，供养 ‎2　　escape　vi.& n．逃跑；逃避；逃脱 The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.(P39)‎ 中国人发现从竹筒里漏出的气体能把竹筒送上天。‎ ‎(1)escape from... 从……逃走 escape doing sth. 逃避做某事 escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意 ‎(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生 make one's escape 逃脱；逃走 ‎①[2013·湖北高考，完形填空]His heart beat wildly, and without thinking he started to run and luckily escaped the cat's paws (爪子)．‎ 他(老鼠)的心怦怦乱跳，赶紧逃窜，幸运地躲过了那只猫的抓捕。‎ ‎②[2014·山东高考，阅读理解B]That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to_escape the heat.‎ 在那个特殊的日子，我弟弟和我一直坐着把两部电影都看了两遍，试图摆脱(外面的)热浪。‎ ‎③[2014·福建高考]As Cinderella made her escape,_a shoe got stuck on the stairs.‎ 当辛德拉逃跑时，一只鞋粘在了楼梯上。‎ ‎④[朗文高级辞典]A woman had a narrow escape yesterday when her car left the road.‎ 昨天一名女子驾车时冲出公路，险些丢了性命。‎ ‎⑤[牛津词典]He escaped_from prison this morning.‎ 他今天早上从监狱里逃跑了。‎ ‎⑥[牛津词典]It might have escaped your notice, but I'm very busy at the moment.‎ 也许你没注意到，可我此刻忙得不可开交。‎ ‎3　　quantity　n．数量；大量 A yield refers to quantity of food.(P33)‎ 产量指的是粮食的数量。‎ ‎ (1)a (large/fair) quantity of 大量的 ‎＝large quantities of 大量的，许多的 ‎(2)in quantity 大量地 in quantity and quality 在数量和质量上 ‎①[2013·重庆高考]It is filled with symbiotic (共生的) existence, too; unimaginable quantities_of creatures, little and large alike.‎ 它(大西洋)里很多东西共同生长；大量的生物，有大的有小的混合在一起。‎ ‎②[2014·重庆高考，写作]Since I was born, I have received a_good_quantity_of gifts.‎ 自从我出生起，我已经收到大量的礼物。‎ ‎③[牛津词典]It's cheaper to buy goods in_quantity.‎ 大宗购物比较便宜。‎ ‎－特别提示－‎ ‎①a quantity of或quantities of后既可以接可数名词，也可以接不可数名词；②a quantity of＋n.作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；③quantities of＋n.作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。‎ ‎④用所给词的适当形式填空 A large quantity of money has_been_spent (spend) in bringing up his children so far.‎ ‎＝Large quantities of money have_been_spent (spend) in bringing up his children so far.‎ 到目前为止，许多钱花费在抚养他的孩子上。‎ 过关演练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2013·北京高考，阅读理解C]Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by ________ (escape) to remote places away from big cities.‎ 答案：escaping ‎2．[2014·广东高考，阅读理解C]Eventually, however, I won the ________ (support) of my family and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application.‎ 答案：support ‎3．[2015·四川高考]Niki is always full of ideas, but ________ is useful to my knowledge.‎ 答案：none ‎4．[2015·广东高考]He owned ________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.‎ 答案：a ‎5．Cutting off the trees randomly and ________ quantity should be forbidden.‎ 答案：in ‎6．Some teenagers tend to quit when they get into a mess ________ which they can't escape.‎ 答案：from ‎7．The ________ (quality) of our lives depends on our interpersonal relationship since we are social beings.‎ 答案：quality ‎8．Education ________ (convert) him to a learned gentleman.‎ 答案：has converted ‎ 1　　earn one's/a living 谋生 He got a job in an office to earn his living.(P37)‎ ‎(他)在一间办公室得到一份工作用以谋生。‎ ‎ ‎①[2014·湖北高考]During the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck and live on the little money my wife earned by substitute teaching.‎ 在接下来的几周里我们学会了如何在卡车中靠妻子代课挣得的微薄收入生活。‎ ‎②[2013·山东高考，作文]On one hand, I can earn some money by doing it to help my parents, and on the other hand, I can gain some experience from it.‎ 一方面，我能通过做这样的事赚钱来帮助父母，另一方面，我能从中获得一些经验。‎ ‎③[朗文高级辞典]You don't earn much money being a nurse.‎ 当护士挣钱并不多。‎ ‎④[朗文高级辞典]Chris will pay—he's earning a fortune.‎ 克里斯会付款的，他在挣大钱。‎ ‎ 2　　come to/into power 掌权；上台；执政 ‎(He) left Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the US.(P37)‎ 希特勒上台时他离开了德国，到美国工作了。‎ ‎ ‎①[2013·陕西高考]Class, power and status are important in deciding people's rank in society.‎ 阶级、权力、地位是决定人们社会等级方面很重要的因素。‎ ‎②[牛津词典]The party came_to_power at the last election.‎ 这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。‎ ‎③It is not within my power.‎ 我是爱莫能助啊。‎ ‎－特别提示－‎ come to power与be in power都表示“掌权”，但前者表示动作，不能与时间段连用，后者表示状态，可以与时间段连用。‎ ‎④The present government has been in power for two years.‎ ‎＝The present government came to power two years ago.‎ 现政府执政两年了。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 in power； earn a/one's living； earn one's own living； the key to； come to power； bring in； bring up；be diagnosed with ‎1．[2013·课标全国卷Ⅰ，阅读理解A]I've ________ by looking for the best deals and exposing the worst tricks.‎ 答案：earned a/my living ‎2．The government ________ is devoted to the improvement of education.‎ 答案：in power ‎3．[2011·辽宁高考，单项填空]You are old enough to ________.‎ 答案：earn your own living ‎4．[北师大①－1]Being happy is ________ a funfilled life.‎ 答案：the key to ‎5．[2015·重庆高考]At thirteen, I ________ a kind of attention disorder.‎ 答案：was diagnosed with ‎6．They've ________ some experts to advise on the project.‎ 答案：brought in ‎7．This is the place where the writer was born and ________.‎ 答案：brought up ‎8．As soon as their party ________， they changed the law.‎ 答案：came to power ‎1　　The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep_the_rocket_moving in a straight direction.(P39)‎ 这些管子被绑到一根长木棍上，这根木棍能使火箭直线前进。‎ keep用于复合结构时，其宾语补足语可以是介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词等。但高考主要考查分词，其用法如下：‎ ‎(1)keep＋宾语＋过去分词，过去分词和宾语构成被动关系。‎ ‎(2)keep＋宾语＋现在分词，现在分词和宾语构成主动关系。‎ ‎①[2014·天津高考，完形填空]The question kept me wondering for the rest of the night. I realized the tough decisions adults had to make.‎ 这个问题让我接下来的整个晚上一直在想。我意识到了大人们必须要做的艰难的决定。‎ ‎②[2013·湖北高考]When I work on the farmland in the daytime. I always keep my sheep tied to a tree on the riverbank.‎ 白天干农活的时候，我总是把羊拴在河边的树上。‎ ‎③[牛津词典]Have an apple to keep you going till dinner time.‎ 吃个苹果就能挨到吃晚饭了。‎ ‎④[朗文高级辞典]The police put up barriers to keep the crowds back.‎ 警方设置了障碍物来挡住人群。‎ ‎2　　But not_everybody wanted to use rockets in battles. (P39)‎ 但并不是每个人都想在战争中使用火箭。‎ ‎(1)否定副词not与表示整体或全部意义的词every, everyone, everything, everybody, both, all连用时，表示部分否定，也称半否定。意为“并不都，不全是”。‎ ‎(2)若要表示全部否定，则应用相应的表示全部否定的否定词。如all—none(一个也没有，没有任何东西)，both—neither(两个都不)，every—no，everyone—no one/nobody, everything—nothing等。‎ ‎①[2013·大纲全国卷]It's an eitheror situation－we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do both.‎ 只能二选一，我们或者今年买新车，或者去度假，但不能两者都做。‎ ‎②[朗文高级辞典]It's either me or her. You can't have it both ways.‎ 要么我，要么她，你不可能两个人都要。‎ ‎③[朗文高级辞典]Not_everyone enjoys sport.‎ 并不是谁都喜欢体育运动的。‎ 过关演练 完成句子 ‎1．[2013·安徽高考]You can even help to ________________ by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.‎ 通过回收电池而不是扔掉它们，你甚至能帮助保持我们的水源干净。‎ 答案：keep our water supply clean ‎2．[2011·重庆高考]Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to __________________ his own dreams.‎ 迈克尔在床边挂了一张姚明的照片以便时刻提醒自己记得自己的梦想。‎ 答案：keep himself reminded of ‎3．I ____________ of the books.‎ 这两本书我不都喜欢。‎ 答案：don't like both ‎4．These measures are ____________ the parents.‎ 这些措施并未得到所有家长的支持。‎ 答案：not supported by all 被动语态 构成 be＋过去分词，不同时态的被动语态主要体现在be的变化上。‎ 完成句子 ‎1．[2015·福建高考]To my delight, I was_chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.‎ 令我高兴的是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。‎ ‎2．A speech on Chinese history will_be__given in our school next week.‎ 下周一个关于中国历史的演讲将在我校进行。‎ 一些不及物动词及短语没有被动语态，如take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, rise, happen, remain, lie等。‎ 有些词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在的品质或性能，不用被动语态。常见动词有write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等。‎ ‎3．[牛津词典]The book sold_well and was reprinted many times.‎ 这本书销路不错，重印了好多次。‎ ‎4．[朗文高级辞典]Silk doesn't wash_well.‎ 丝绸不好洗。‎ ‎5．The shoes are of high quality and wear_long.‎ 这双鞋质量好且耐穿。‎ 过关演练 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2015·安徽高考]It is reported that a space station________(build) on the moon in years to come.‎ 答案：will be built ‎2．[2015·北京高考]—Did you enjoy the party?‎ ‎—Yes. We________(treat) well by our hosts.‎ 答案：were treated ‎3．[2015·湖北高考]The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project________(finish) by the students independently.‎ 答案：had been finished ‎4．She asked whether their plan ________ (consider) with great care.‎ 答案：would be considered ‎5．The pen ________ (write) smoothly.‎ 答案：writes