专题06 阅读理解——词义猜测题 仿真测试-2019年高考英语高频考点名师揭秘与仿真测试 Word版含解析

专题06 阅读理解——词义猜测题 仿真测试-2019年高考英语高频考点名师揭秘与仿真测试 Word版含解析

‎ ‎ ‎1.【双鸭山市第一中学2018-2019学年度上学期高三月考题C篇】‎ No messy coins—and more importantly—no embarrassment. This is how young Chinese “go Dutch” these days—scan a QR code and pay their share via smart phones in one easy click.‎ It was the first time most of the 13 people at my dinner table last weekend had used the function on social networking tool WeChat. “It has made going Dutch less embarrassing and so much more fun,” said Zhou Ye, a Beijing-based journalist. “Young people think splitting bills this way is fun, and older ones may find it fashionable to do so.” Most importantly, it saves people the embarrassment of figuring out who owes what.‎ ‎8. What does the underlined phrases “go Dutch” in the first paragraph refer to?‎ A. pay a visit to Dutch. B. become a person like the Dutch.‎ C. share expenses equally. D. visit a website called Dutch.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.【甘肃天水市一中2018届一轮复习第二次质量检测D篇】‎ Ageing is driven by the lifelong gradual accumulation of a broad variety of molecular (分子) faults in the body’s cells. The team said they had identified a matter —8-oxoGsn — that indicated increases in oxidative (氧化性) damage in urine as people’s bodies aged.‎ Cai Jianping, a co-author at the Beijing‎ ‎Hospital, said: “As we age, we suffer increasing oxidative damage and so the levels of oxidative matters increase in our body.” The team tested the levels of 8-oxoGsn in urine samples from 1, 228 Chinese people aged two to 90 and concluded the marker helped accurately determine the stage of biological ageing in adults.‎ They had previously found that 8-oxoGsn levels also increased with age in the urine of animals such as mice.‎ ‎14. Which can take the place of the underlined word “marker” in the sixth paragraph?‎ A. Molecular faults. B. 8-oxoGsn.‎ C. Oxidative damage. D. Stage of biological ageing in adults.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎14. B。猜测词义题。根据本句前一半“The team tested the levels of 8-oxoGsn in urine samples from 1,228 Chinese people aged two to 90…”可知研究人员测试了样品中的“8-oxoGsn”，最终得出结论正是8-oxoGsn帮助决定人体的衰老阶段。故“marker”就是指“8-oxoGsn”。故B项正确。‎ ‎3.【山西大学附中2018～2019学年高三第一学期9月模块诊断试题B篇】‎ A 60-year-old homeless woman named Smokie has sleeping outside in dirt a few doors down from a man named Elvis Summers.‎ Most mornings, she stops by Elvis’s Los Angeles apartment and asks if he has any recyclable materials for her. Through these conversations they struck up a friendship.‎ One morning, Elvis saw a news article about a man in Oakland who has been making tiny houses out of deserted materials. He was inspired to put off paying a few bills so he could buy the wood and hardware to make Smokie a brand new shelter. It took him five days to build it, and now, for the first time ten years, Smokie has a place to hang the sign, “Home Sweet Home.”‎ ‎4. What is the meaning of the underlined words “struck up” in paragraph 2?‎ A. Kept on. B. Established.‎ C. Gave out D. Accomplished.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.【山东淄博高三年级第一学期第一次教学诊断考试试题 ‎2018.10 C篇】‎ From my point of view as a physicist and AI researcher, intelligence is simply a certain kind of information-processing performed by elementary particles(基本粒子) moving around, and there is no law of physics that says one can’t build machines more intelligent than us in all ways.‎ ‎ This suggests that we’ve only seen the tip of the intelligence iceberg and that there is an amazing potential to unlock the full intelligence that is potential in nature and use it to help humanity.‎ If we get it right, the upside is huge. Since everything we love about civilization is the product of intelligence, amplifying (扩大) our own intelligence with AI has the potential to solve tomorrow’s toughest problems. For example, why risk our loved ones dying in traffic accidents that self-driving cars could prevent or dying of cancers that AI might help us find cures for? Why not increase productivity through automation (自动化) and use AI to accelerate our research and development of affordable sustainable (可持续的) energy?‎ ‎10. What does the underlined word “upside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A. Cost. B. Potential. ‎ C. Quantity. D. Advantage.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5.【湖北仙桃中学2018年秋季学期八月考试试题B篇】‎ Based on the data collected throughout Richmond last year, project member Vivek Shandas at Portland State University and his colleagues were able to produce maps of urban heat across the city as well as heat vulnerability(脆弱性), which takes socioeconomic differences into account. Those maps are now being used to inform a citywide master plan update and a climate resilience(复原) plan.‎ Shandas and Hoffman plan to produce similar maps from this month's campaigns in D.C. and Baltimore. Finally, the two are hoping to scale up this effort even further. Shandas said he wish to create an off-the-shelf set of guidelines that any city can use to launch its own heat island campaign and generate citywide temperature maps.‎ Hoffman sees this as a way to help people to relate climate change to their own lives, and then actually do something about it. "The volunteers serve as a feedback mechanism to spread the findings," he said. "We can do heat island assessments using satellites, but we want a team of volunteers measuring temperatures in their neighborhoods to gain a better understanding of where they live."‎ ‎7. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “off-the-shelf” in paragraph 5?‎ A. superb B. available ‎ C. tough D. random ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎7. B。词义猜测题。根据该句Shandas said he wish to create an off-the-shelf set of guidelines that any city can use to launch its own heat island campaign and generate citywide temperature maps. 得知，Shandas 希望他们能够设计出一套任何城市在推行自己的热岛活动时都可以使用的指导方案。故选B ‎6.【山西省吕梁市2017-2018学年度高三年级第一学期阶段性测试试题C篇】‎ But a survey of their strategies has found that some charity volunteers are far from charitable. “Many chuggers simply refuse to back off when asked to do so,’’ said Brian Jones, a spokesperson for a charity watchdog (监察人). “One of the problems is that some chuggers say they are working as volunteers,” he added. “However, they aren’t really. Most of the 50 chuggers we spoke to showed little interest in anything other than raising the maximum amount of cash in the minimum amount of time. They get paid from this so it makes sense. Also, a fifth of fundraisers had no visible ID and almost a quarter failed to give clear information about the cause they were representing. By employing chuggers who break the law, tell lies or refuse to leave members of the public alone, charities undermine the trust we all instinctively have in them.”‎ But Shirley Bosworth, chief executive of the Institution of Fundraising, said face-to-face fundraising remains “an appropriate and effective method”. “It enables charities to engage with a particular demographic of donor, and it means that charity and donor can enter into a dialogue about what the charity does and how the donor’s money will be used,” she explained.‎ ‎10. What does the underlined word “undermine” may probably mean?‎ A. betray B. strengthen C. build D. weaken ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7.【北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试试题D篇】‎ Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the area which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).‎ Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.‎ ‎48. The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “ ”.‎ A. set off B. cut off C. built up D. broken up ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8.【江苏省常熟中学2018届高三阶段性抽测二（12月）试题A篇】‎ A topic ripe for anthropological (人类学的) study, then. And such a study, the “Why We Post (发帖)” project, has just been published by nine anthropologists, led by Daniel Miller of University College, London.‎ The participants in “Why We Post” worked independently for 15 months at locations in Brazil, Britain, Chile, China (one rural and one industrial site), India, Italy, Trinidad and Tobago, and Turkey. They buried themselves within families and their surrounding communities. That, the team believes, let them form a subtle view of the roles of social media in their study sites which could not be gained by analysing participants’ public postings. These by-standers’ viewpoints deny much received wisdom. One of the biggest doubts is the “selfie” - which is often blamed for causing self-regard and too much focus on attractiveness. “Why We Post”, however, reveals that the selfie itself has many faces. In Brazil many selfies posted by men were taken at the gym. But at the British site, Dr Miller found, school children posted five times as many “groupies” (images of the picture-taker with friends) as they did selfies. Britons have also created a category called “uglies” (曝丑照), of which the purpose is to take as ugly a self-image as possible.‎ ‎38. The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.‎ A. the way the team carried out their project B. the way the team analysed public postings C. the way the families lived in the communities D. the way the participants buried themselves ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎38. A。猜测词义题。根据划线词前的They buried themselves within families and their surrounding communities.可知研究者们积极投入到各个家庭和社区进行调查，此处that指代他们调查的工作方式，故选A.‎ ‎9.【天津一中 2017-2018-2 高二年级英语学科期末质量调查试卷D篇】‎ ‎“Get your hands off me; I have been stolen,” the laptop, a portable computer, shouted. That is a new solution to laptop computer theft: a program that lets owners give their property a voice when it has been taken.‎ The program allows users to display alerts on the missing computer’s screen and even to set a spoken message. Tracking software for stolen laptops has been on the market for some time, but this is thought to be the first that allows owners to give the thief a piece of their mind.‎ Owners must report their laptop missing by logging on to a website, which sends a message to the model: a red and yellow “lost or stolen” banner pops up on its screen when it is started. Under the latest version of the software, users can also send a spoken message.‎ The message can be set to reappear every 30 seconds, no matter how many times the thief closes it. “One customer sent a message saying, ‘You are being tracked. I am right at your door’, said Carrie Hafeman, chief executive of the company which produces the program, Retriever.‎ ‎67. The expression “to give the thief a piece of mind” can be understood as “ ”.‎ A. to give the thief an alert mind B. to express owners’ anger to the thief C. to remind the thief of his conscience D. to make the thief give up his mind ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎10.【江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模英语试题B篇】‎ As plants change sunlight into food, or photosynthesize (光合作用), they absorb carbon dioxide through pores on their leaves. These pores also release water via transpiration(蒸腾), which circulates nutrients through the plant and helps cool it by evaporation(蒸发). But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis—and most existing plant models suggest this should also decrease transpiration, leaving trees in danger of fatally overheating. Because it is difficult for scientists to control and vary trees’ conditions in their natural environment, little is known about how individual species handle this situation.‎ Ecologist John Drake of the S.U.N.Y.‎ College of Environmental Science and Forestry and his colleagues grew a dozen Parramatta red gum (Eucalyptus parramattensis) trees in large, climate-controlled plastic pods that separated the trees from the surrounding forest for a year in Richmond‎, ‎Australia. Six of the trees were grown at surrounding air temperatures and six at ‎ temperatures three degrees Celsius higher. The researchers withheld (扣留) water from the surface soil of all 12 trees for a month to imitate a mild dry spell, then induced a four-day “extreme” heat wave: They raised the maximum temperatures in half of the pods（three with surrounding temperatures and three of the warmer ones）— to 44 degrees ℃. ‎ Photosynthesis ground to a near halt in the trees facing the artificial heat wave. But to the researchers’ surprise, these trees continued to transpire at close-to-normal levels, effectively cooling themselves and their surroundings. The trees grown in warmer conditions coped just as well as the others, and photosynthesis rates bounced back to normal after the heat wave passed, Drake and his colleagues reported online in Global Change Biology. ‎ ‎40. The underlined phrase “ground to a near halt” in Paragraph 4 means “________”.‎ A. continued B. substituted C. strengthened D. ceased ‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎