2018届二轮复习专题阅读理解猜词能力课件（40张）

2018届二轮复习专题阅读理解猜词能力课件（40张）

阅读理解 Guessing meanings 学习目标 1. 了解高考阅读理解的 考纲要求 和题型类型。 2. 熟悉词义猜测题的 题型特点 和解题策略。 3. 激情投入英语学习，享受阅读快乐。 高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： 　１、理解主旨要义； 　２、理解文中具体信息； 　 ３、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； 　４、作出判断和理解； 　５、理解文章的基本结构； 　６、理解作者的意图，观点和态度 。 根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能 , 因此 , 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意思和判断指代内容。 ◆ 词义猜测题 如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义 这种题型常见的设题方式有： 1 ） The underlined word （ phrase ） in the passage means ____ ． 2 ） The word "it （ them ） " in the first paragraph refers to ____ ． 3 ） The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____ ． 4 ） Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph ？ 分析题干能力 unconditional: 无条件的 , 绝对的 adj. condition condition al 情况，条件 n. 有条件的 adj. un condition al : Group1 nonjudgmental : 没有判断力的 judge judg ment judg ment al 判断 v. 判断 n. adj . non judg ment al : 归纳 1 ： 根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断 英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。 superman microwave ( 超人 ) nonnatural mispronounce ( 非自然的 ) homeless nonsmoker ( 无家可归的 ) rebuild eastwards ( 重建 ) Can you guess the right meanings? ( 微波 ) ( 非烟民 ) ( 发错音 ) ( 向东 ) Group2 1.It will be very hard but also very brittle —— that is , it will break easily 2.The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers”, students who take tests for other students. 脆的 冒名替考者 3. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. Anthropology means _________. 4. The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope , an instrument for listening to patients’ heartbeat and breathing. 人类学 听诊器 规则 2 ： 根据上下文解释做出判断： 1 ．根据文中的定义、解释猜生词： 2 ． 根据同位或解释关系： 3. 根据并列同类关系 : 猜词能力 逻辑词： be, be called, means, be defined as, that is （ to say ） ,namely, in other words, ect 通过生词后的定语 ( 定语从句或分词短语等 ) 、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思。 and, or ， not only … but also 等并列的几个事物应属同类事物 , 由此可推测其中一个的大概意思。 1.( 广东卷 ) Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager. “I would never have said to my mom, ‘Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?’” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.” Music was not the only gulf . From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits. The underlined word gulf in Para. 3 most probably means _________. A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation 2.( 广东卷 ) However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hour- glasses, and invented water-clocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past. The underlined phrase stately homes in paragraph 4 means A. state-owned houses B. houses in very good condition C. grand houses open to the public D. houses where statesmen meet regularly 3. However, some 165 million children suffer from long-term undernutrition, leading to 3.1 million child deaths every year. It also leaves many of those children that do survive permanently impaired and unable to reach their full potential. What does the underlined word “ impaired ” in Paragraph 2 mean? A cared. B. needed. C. harmed. D. supported. Group 3 1. Unlike the United States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous . 2. Andrew is one of the most supercilious man I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 单一民族的 目空一切 , 傲慢的 3. Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. 4. He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated . 热的 恶化 规则 3 ：根据转折或对比关系进行判断 猜词能力 逻辑词 :but, though, although, however, yet, otherwise, or, while, unlike, on the one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…for another thing, instead of, rather than 等 1. It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner's key to success . The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to . A avoid B. accept C. improve D consider 2.In Kennon’s opinion, however, the cat was a hopeless case. Many doctors would have put down such a badly hurt animal. But she couldn’t be so cruel. The kitten’s bright eyes and sad face had won her over. There was no way of finding his owner, so Kennon, a single woman aged 56, decided to keep him. The underlined phrase “put down” in Paragraph 2 most probably means___________. hurt B. killed C. refused D. replaced Group 4 1. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile , because she was using the wrong key. 2. The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water. 3The river i s so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 徒劳的，无效的 凋谢 , 枯萎 浑浊不清的 规则 4 ：根据因果关系进行判断 根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 猜词能力 逻辑词 : because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus, so that When Lin was little, he loved disassembling things to look at how they work. Even though he often failed at putting them back together, his curiosity was never satisfied and he laid hands on everything, except computers. “My parents told me not to disassemble computers because they’re expensive, so I researched the software instead,” says Lin. When he went to university, Lin chose a subject that was related to engineering and programming. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “ disassemble ”? A. look through B. search into C. take apart D. focus on Group 5 Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise poultry , such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. 家禽 装置 规则 5 ： example 举例法 逻辑词 : such, such as, like, for example ， for instance, especially, include, consist of 1. Another master of paper-folding is Jen Stark. Her artwork is often in the form of colorful caves and topographic( 地形的 ) maps. Using her vivid imagination and a special knife, she is a modern day magician who turns humble materials like construction paper and glue into fantastic, complicated sculptures that puzzle the eyes. Her work draws inspiration from nature. What does the underlined word “ humble ” in the last paragraph probably mean? common and popular B. simple and cheap C. useless and priceless D. numb and meaningless 2.I died eight times during my coma and I couldn’t talk or communicate when I woke up. Walking was never going to happen again due to all the extreme injuries. Just like my body, my dreams were almost shattered . But I was not going to let my injuries prevent me from living my dreams. What does the underlined word “ shattered ” in Paragraph 3 mean? begun B. destroyed C. shared D. taken 根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求，建议同学们在以下几个方面加强自我训练！ 1 ．猜测熟词新含义 猜词能力 “It was the best night we had ever had”, said Angela Carraro, who runs an Italian restaurant. 经营 The American population was the tallest in the world from about the American Revolution to World War II—that’s a long time. The U.S. had a very resource-rich environment ， with game ， fish and wildlife. 31.The word "game" in(line 2 ， para.1)refers to________. animals hunted for food B. rich natural resources C. activities played by kids D. sports events to be held   2 ．猜测词性变换新词含义    猜词能力 When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago ， how could they even begin to picture modern life?     想象 1. Definition 定义法 3. Similarity 相似法 2. Contrast 对比法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example 举例法 ７ . Common Sense 普通常识 6. Word Formation 构词法 猜测词义 ８ . Context 上下文 同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。 教师点评 Homework: D raw a conclusion about how to guess words. Finish the exercise on your guiding paper. Thank you for your listening