专题21+完型填空——夹叙夹议+名师揭秘-2019年高考英语高频考点名师揭秘与仿真测试

专题21+完型填空——夹叙夹议+名师揭秘-2019年高考英语高频考点名师揭秘与仿真测试

‎ ‎ ‎【考点解读】‎ 一、夹叙夹议文体的特点 夹叙夹议文体就是一方面叙述某一事情，一方面又对此事加以分析与评论。这种表达方式中的叙与议是一个有机的整体，“叙”是“议”的基础，即议论不能脱离记叙，必须在记叙的基础上展开；“议”是“叙”的渗透，即议论在记叙的基础上发展，且有一定的深度与广度。二者水乳交融，互为一体。 ‎ 这种文体的语言既有记叙文的特点：借助叙述、描写、抒情等手段记叙社会生活中的人、事、景、物的情态及其发展过程，用以表现作者思想，抒发作者情感；时态以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅；广泛使用动态动词；适当运用直接引语。同时又具有议论文的语言个性：语言自然、客观、准确，逻辑性强，且具有概括性。在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。 ‎ 二、夹叙夹议方法突破 ‎ ‎1.细读首句，把握主题 ‎ 由于完形填空一般篇章较短（一般有300多词），依据总分结构可直接找出整篇文章的中心线索，所以考生要细读首句，把握文章主题。 ‎ ‎2.速读全文。掌握大意 ‎ 尽管一篇完形填空有20个空格。但是考生仍然要快速阅读全文。找出关键句和中心词，以便了解全文思路。考生一定不要在没掌握大意的基础上，边阅读，边做题。这违背了完形填空的命题思路。总之，切忌不了解文章大意就做题。 ‎ ‎3.瞻前顾后，灵活答题 ‎ 考生可充分利用语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等，对选项进行分析试填，最终确定答案。 ‎ ‎4.复读全文，检查确认 ‎ 初选过后，考生要站在全文的高度对有疑问的答案进行推敲。根据上下文调整并确认答案，使文章读起来通顺流畅、条理清晰、逻辑性强，从而确保选择的正确性。 ‎ ‎【真题分析】‎ ‎1.【2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标I卷】‎ 第一节 完形填空 During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a "free"course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I ___41___ the idea of taking the class because，after all, who doesn't want to ___42___ a few dollars? More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t ___43__ enough about free credits,news about our ___44___ was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which ___45___ I would be learning from one of the game's ___46___. I could hardly wait to ___47___ him.‎ Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this ___48___ was no game for him: he meant business. In his introduction, he made it ___49___ that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to ___50___ the class ,among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to ___51___ what we would learn in class to our future professions and, ___52___, to our lives. I managed to get an A in that ___53___ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the ___54___.‎ Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he ___55___ me: “The absolute most important ___56___ that you learn when you play chess is how to make good ___57___. On every single move you have to ___58___ a situation ,process what your opponent(对手）is doing and ___59___ the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my ___60___ as a journalist.‎ ‎41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down ‎42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay ‎43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired ‎44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor ‎45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant ‎46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest ‎47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat ‎48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job ‎49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible ‎50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe ‎51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare ‎52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally ‎53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment ‎54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation ‎55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised ‎56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill ‎57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments ‎58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control ‎59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate ‎60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior ‎【文章大意】‎ 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了作者在大二学的免费课程——下象棋及这门课程对作者生活的深远指导作用。‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎43. A。考查形容词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的信息就足以吸引我。A. excited激动的；兴奋的；B. worried担心的；C. moved感动的；D. tired劳累的。故选A。‎ ‎44. D。考查名词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的消息就足以吸引我。A. title头衔；题目；B. competitor竞赛者；C. textbook教科书；D. instructor导师。故选D。‎ ‎45. D。考查动词辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。A. urged督促；B. demanded要求；C. held握住；D. meant意味着。故选D。‎ ‎46. C。考查词义辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。A. fastest最快的；B. easiest最容易的；C. best最好的；D. rarest最稀少的。故选C。‎ ‎47. B。 考查动词词义辨析。我迫不及待地想见到他。A. interview面试；B. meet见面；C. challenge挑战；D. beat击败。故选B。‎ ‎48. D。考查名词词义辨析。一位先前的毕业生回校教书，这项工作对他来说根本不是游戏。A. chance机会；B. qualification合格；C. honor荣誉；D. job工作。故选D。‎ ‎49. C。考查形容词辨析。在他的介绍中，他明确指出这些学分不容易得到。A. real真实的；B. perfect完美的；C. clear清楚的；D. possible可能的。故选C。‎ ‎50. B。考查动词词义辨析。为了通过考试，我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的东西应用于未来的职业中。A. attend参加；B. pass通过；C. skip跳跃；D. observe遵守。故选B。‎ ‎51. C。考查动词词义辨析。我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的知识应用于未来的职业中。apply把……运用于……‎ ‎52. A。考查副词词义辨析。最终，把我们在课堂里学的知识应用到我们的生活中。A. eventually最终；B. naturally自然地；C. directly直接地；D. normally正常地。故选A。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎56. D。考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。A. fact事实；B. step步；C. manner方式；D. skill技能。故选D。‎ ‎57. B。考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。A. grades等级；B. decisions决定；C. impressions印象；D. comments评论。故选B。‎ ‎58. A。考查动词词义辨析。每一步你都必须分析形势，审视对手要做什么。A. analyze分析；B. describe描述；C. rebuild重建；D. control控制。故选A。‎ ‎59. D。考查动词词义辨析。从你所有的选择中，评估出最好的一步。A. announce宣布；B. signal发信号；C. block阻塞；D. evaluate评估。故选D。‎ ‎60. A。考查名词词义辨析。现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然是正确的。A. role角色；B. desire欲望；要求；C. concern涉及，关系到；D. behavior行为。故选A。‎ ‎2.【2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）】‎ The Homeless Hero For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £‎400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the ____16____ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith _____17_____ more remarkable.‎ After spotting a ____18____ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the _____19_____ to return.‎ After hours in the cold and wet, he _____20_____ inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to _____21_____ it contained £‎400 in notes, with another £‎50 in spare change beside it.‎ He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after _____22_____ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth £35, 000—in Glasgow city centre, they were _____23_____ to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was _____24_____.‎ The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his _____25_____.‎ Mr. Anderson said：＂I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight _____26_____ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and ‎_____27_____ he didn’t take the wallet for himself；he thought about others _____28_____. It’s unbelievable. It just proves there are ____29____ guys out there.＂‎ Mr. Smith’s act _____30_____ much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson _____31_____ about the act of kindness on Facebook.‎ Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to _____32_____ money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received ￡8,000. ＂I think the faith that everyone has shown _____33_____ him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job _____34_____ and all sorts,＂ Mr. Anderson commented.‎ For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing _____35_____. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.‎ ‎16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort ‎17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once ‎18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel ‎19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman ‎20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached ‎21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe ‎22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing ‎23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked ‎24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen ‎25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement ‎26. A. when B. if C. where D. because ‎27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just ‎28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead ‎29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous ‎30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew ‎31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard ‎32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn ‎33. A. of B. at C. for D. in ‎34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications ‎35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge ‎【文章大意】‎ 这是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。文章讲述了流浪汉Tom发现一辆车窗开着的汽车前座上有一个钱包。Tom冒雨等了数个小时，在查找不到车主身份的情况下将钱包交到了警察局。钱包的主人Mr. Anderson在得知一切后，将Tom的善举发布到了Facebook上。Tom的行为引发了人们的好评和帮助。这件事印证了一句俗语：善有善报。‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎17. B。考查副词词义辨析。A. still仍然；B. even更加，愈发，甚至；C. ever曾经；D. once曾经，一度。所有这一切使得流浪汉Tom Smith的行为更加的不同寻常。even在该句中修饰比较级more remarkable。B选项正确。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎20. D。考查动词词义辨析。A. turned转动；B. hid藏，隐藏；C. stepped迈步，举步；D. reached伸手去拿，到达。由后面的pulled the wallet out可知，在雨里等了数个小时后，Tom将手伸进车窗，将钱包拿了出来。D选项正确。‎ ‎21. A。考查动词词义辨析。A. discover发现；B. collect搜集；C. check核对，检查；D. believe相信。Tom将钱包拿出来企图找到一些身份证明，这样他就能联系司机了，结果他却发现钱包里装着£400的纸币和£50的零钱。A选项正确。‎ ‎22. B。考查动词词义辨析。A. taking带走；B. leaving留下，落下，离开；C. reading读；D. writing写。他拿着钱包去了附近的警察局，在车上留下了一张便条，其目的是让车主知道他的钱包是安全的。B选项正确。‎ ‎23. D。考查形容词词义辨析。A. satisfied满意的；B. excited兴奋的；C. amused被逗乐的；D. shocked震惊的。当车主返回时，发现自己的车边有警察，应该感到很惊讶。故D选项正确。‎ ‎24. A。考查形容词/动词词义辨析。A. safe安全的；B. missing不见的，丢失的；C. found发现，找到；D. seen看见。由该段开头可知，Tom将钱包带去了警察局，因此该处警察告诉John他的钱包是安全的。A选项正确。‎ ‎25. C。考查名词词义辨析。A. service服务；B. support支持；C. kindness善意，善良；D. encouragement鼓励。Tom将钱包交给警察，没有据为己有，这是一种善举。故C选项正确。‎ ‎26. A。考查状语从句引导词。A. when在……情况下，既然；B. if如果；C. where表地点；D. because因为。在Tom本来可以偷了钱去支付一个可以睡觉的地方的情况下，他仍然选择了露宿街头（没有偷钱）。所以Mr. Anderson对Tom的行为感到很惊讶。A选项正确。‎ ‎27. B。考查副词词义辨析。A. rather相当；B. yet但是；C. already已经；D. just仅仅。Tom什么都没有，但是他没有拿走钱包。前后两句话之间是转折关系，故B选项正确。‎ ‎28. D。考查副词词义辨析。A. too也；B. though但是；C. again再，又；D. instead代替。Tom没有拿走钱包，他考虑的是别人，没有考虑自己。D选项正确。‎ ‎29. A。考查形容词词义辨析。A. honest诚实的；B. polite礼貌的；C. rich富有的；D. generous慷慨的。Tom没有拿走钱包，而是把它交到了警察局，这是一种诚实的行为。A选项正确。‎ ‎30. D。考查动词词义辨析。A. gave给；B. paid支付；C. cast投掷，投射；D. drew吸引。Tom的行为吸引了公众的关注。D选项正确。‎ ‎31. B。考查动词词义辨析。A. learned学习，学会；B. posted发布，张贴；C. cared关心，在意；D. heard听到。由后面的Facebook(一个社交网站)可知，在Mr. Anderson将Tom的善举发布到Facebook上之后，Tom赢得了社交媒体使用者的赞扬。B选项正确。‎ ‎32. B。考查动词词义辨析。A. borrow借；B. raise筹集；C. save挽救，节省；D. earn挣（钱）。Mr. Anderson在网上发起一个运动来为Tom和其他无家可归的人筹钱。B选项正确。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.【2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标Ⅱ卷】‎ In 1973¸ I was teaching elementary school. Each day¸ 27 kids 41 “The Thinking Laboratory. ”That was the 42 students voted for after deciding that “Room ‎104”‎ was too 43 . ‎ Freddy was an average 44 ¸ but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion（同情）. He would 45 the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s 46 . ‎ Before the school year 47 ¸ I gave the kids a special 48 ¸ T-shirts with the words “Verbs Are Your ‎49 ”‎ on them. I had advised the kids that while verbs（动词）may seem dull¸ most of the 50 things they do throughout their lives will be verbs. ‎ Through the years¸ I’d run into former students who would provide 51 on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his 52 from high school and remained the same 53 person I met forty years before. 0nce¸ while working overnight at a store¸he let a homeless man ‎54 in his truck. Another time¸ he ‎55 a friend money to buy a house. ‎ Just last year¸I was ‎56 a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman 57 the interruption and handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching and 58 it up. Inside were the “Verbs” shirt and a 59 from Freddy’s mother. “Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving. He wanted you to have this. ”‎ I told the story to the class. As sad as it was¸I couldn’t help smiling. Although Freddy was taken from us¸we all 60 something from Freddy. ‎ ‎41. A. built B. entered C. decorated D. ran ‎42. A. name B. rule C. brand D. plan ‎43. A. small B. dark C. strange D. dull ‎44. A. scholar B. student C. citizen D. worker ‎45. A. speak B. sing C. question D. laugh ‎46. A. misfortune B. disbelief C. dishonesty D. mistake ‎47. A. changed B. approached C. returned D. ended ‎48. A. lesson B. gift C. report D. message ‎49. A. friends B. Awards C. Masters D. Tasks ‎50. A. simple B. unique C. fun D. clever ‎51. A. assessments B. comments C. instructions D. updates ‎52. A. graduation B. retirement C. separation D. resignation ‎53. A. daring B. modest C. caring D. smart ‎54. A. wait B. sleep C. study D. live ‎55. A. paid B. charged C. lent D. owed ‎56. A. observing B. preparing C. designing D. conducting ‎57. A. regretted B. avoided C. excused D. ignored ‎58. A. opened B. packed C. gave D. held ‎59. A. picture B. bill C. note D. diary ‎60. A. chose B. took C. expected D. borrowed ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎41．B。考查动词。在1973年¸作者正在教小学。每天27个小孩进入“思想实验室”。 enter“进入”¸符合语境。build“建造”；decorate“装饰”；run“管理¸经营”。‎ ‎42．A。考查名词。根据下文的“Room ‎104”‎可知¸“The Thinking Laboratory”是学生们选举出来的名字。name“名字”；rule“规则”；brand“品牌”；plan“计划”。故选A项。‎ ‎43．D。考查形容词。 Room 104这个名字被学生们选举换成The Thinking Laboratory¸所以可判断出学生们认为Room 104这个名字太乏味了。dull“枯燥的¸无趣的”¸符合语境。故选D项。‎ ‎44．B。考查名词。根据上文中的“I was teaching elementary school”可知¸作者正在教小学¸故可推知Freddy是一个普通的学生。故选B项。‎ ‎45．D。考查动词。根据下文中的“the loudest over fun”可知¸Freddy对有趣的事情会笑得最大声。故选D项。‎ ‎46．A。考查名词。根据上文中的the saddest可知¸Freddy对别人的不幸是感到最悲伤的。misfortune“不幸”；disbelief“不信¸怀疑”；dishonesty“不诚实”；mistake“错误”。故选A项。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎51．D。考查名词。根据语境可知¸很多年来¸作者偶然遇到以前的学生会给他提供一些他们老同学的最新消息¸所以作者才了解到Freddy的一些情况。update“最新消息”¸符合语境。 assessment“评估¸评价”；comment“评论”；instruction“指导¸教导”。 ‎ ‎52．A。考查名词。根据空前的“did several jobs”可知¸此处表示Freddy从高中毕业后。 graduation。“毕业”¸符合语境¸故选A项。retirement“退休”；separation“分离”；resignation“辞职”。‎ ‎53．C。考查形容词。根据下文中的“he let a homeless man…a friend money to buy a house”可知¸他让一个无家可归的人睡在他的卡车里¸还借给朋友钱去买房子¸故可推知他仍然是作者四十年前遇到的那个乐于助人的人。 caring“乐于助人的”¸符合语境。故选C项。‎ ‎54．B。考查动词。根据上文中的“while working overnight”可知¸Freddy上夜班时¸让一位无家可归的人在他的卡车里睡觉。故选B项。‎ ‎55．C。考查动词。因为Freddy是一位乐于助人的人¸所以是借给朋友钱买房子。lend“借出”¸符合语境。pay“支付”；charge“（向……）收费”；owe“欠（钱）¸负（债）”。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎58．A。考查动词。根据上文中的“handed me an envelope． I stopped teaching”可知¸一位女士递给作者一个信封¸作者停止了教学并打开它。故选A项。pack“打包¸装箱”；give“‎ 交给”；hold“握住¸抓住”。‎ ‎59．C。考查名词。根据下文中的“Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving...”可知¸这个信封里装着一张Freddy的妈妈写的便条。故选C项。picture“图片”；bill“账单”；diary“日记”。‎ ‎60．B。考查动词。根据上文中的“Although Freddy was taken from us”可知¸尽管Freddy从我们中被带走了¸但是我们所有人都从Freddy那儿拿走了一些东西¸即从Freddy的身上学到了一些东西。故选B项。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎