话题04+家庭环境与教育-备战2018年高考英语书面表达常考素材速用

话题04+家庭环境与教育-备战2018年高考英语书面表达常考素材速用

家庭教育和教育类是在高考作文考试中比较常见的，与社会类和环境类并称为作文话题三剑客，同学们在复习的时候，命题者可能会围绕这三类话题：‎ ‎1 教育的功能 中学阶段应当提供通才教育还是专才教育？要不要延长义务教育年限？要不要让农村地区的学生更容易上学？老师要教学生如何判断是非吗？对于社会角度，学生们可以从促进经济发展、增加社会流动性、维护社会稳定这几个方面来展开，对于个人，可以写改变思维模式、有利于就业和便利生活这几个方面来写。‎ ‎2 学校的科目应当由谁选择 比如说：政府选课or 老师选课？学生选择所有的科目or根据兴趣自行选择？还有一种是让你分析学习各类科目的重要性。比如：要不要学历史？要不要中学阶段就学习外语？要不要学数学哲学这类的科目？‎ ‎3 什么样的教学方式最好 一般会考到的话题有：私立学校好不好？留学好不好？要不要分快慢班？小组学习还是单独学习好？现在还出现一种考题就是：远程教育的利弊，同学们可以关注一下。‎ ‎4 学费应该谁来付 这些话题都有一个共同的特征，就是题目中往往会说：高等教育只对学生自己有好处，因此学生应当为高等教育买单。同学们在进行写作时，可以先反驳这种理由，再交代学生自己支付学费的后果。‎ ‎5 学生需要参加社会实践吗 当代大学生对于课外活动的态度？学生要不要参加无偿社会劳动？毕业后需要去农村锻炼吗？要不要从小远离父母居住？在这类题目中，学生可以阐述一下现在大学生对于参加社会实践的态度，并说明参加社会实践的好处。‎ ‎6 家庭教育与学校教育 遇到这一类的题目，同学们可以写一下家庭教育与学校教育各自的优缺点。另外，家庭教育中还会出现这样的题目：穷人家的孩子是否早当家？要不要把孩子趁早送到学校去？老师对儿童的智力和社会发展所起的作用大于家长吗？‎ 教育类话题答题技巧 首先审题，看清题目要你表达的是什么内容。对于个人观点类题目：第一段：开头段，开门见山，阐述题目背景并引出自己的观点。第二段：第一个分论点，正面举例论证你的观点。第三段：第二个分论点，可依然正面举例论证，也可反面论证你的观点。第四段：自然结尾，重申主题。‎ 对于题目给出观点的题目：第一段：一般题目中会给出两个观点，学生可以先说明题目中观点各自阐述的内容，并分析观点冲突的原因。第二段：论证第一个观点的合理性，与其不合理性。第三段：论证第二个观点的合理性与不合理性。第四段：结尾，并引出个人观点。‎ 一.话题常用单词 ‎1.parenting/upbringing家长对孩子的教育 ‎2.schooling学校对学生的教育 ‎3.awareness意识 ‎4.cultivate=develop=nurture=foster培养 ‎5.creative有创造力的 ‎6.physical身体的 ‎7.psychological心理的 ‎8.peer同龄人 ‎9.motivation动力 ‎10.motivated有动力的 ‎11.adapt to适应 ‎12.discipline纪律 ‎13.stimulating令人思维活跃的 ‎14.mental development智力发展 ‎15.physical development身体发展 ‎16.promote促进 ‎17.attend school上学 ‎18.innate先天就具有的 ‎19.help students to sharpen their skills帮助学生提高某种技能 ‎20.social sciences社会科学 二.话题常用短语 ‎1. adapt oneself to the development of使自己适应…的发展 ‎2. scope of knowledge知识面 ‎3. instill high moral values灌输高尚的道德观 ‎4. lighten / relieve / ease the burden of减轻…的负担 ‎5. comprehensive knowledge渊博的知识 ‎6. enrich the teaching method丰富教育手段 ‎7. impart / inculcate knowledge 传授知识 ‎8.receive education接受教育 ‎9. schooling upbringing学校教育 ‎10.parenting vocational education家庭教育 ‎ ‎11.long-distance education远程教育 ‎12. narrow down the gap between…缩小…的差距 ‎13. down-to-earth / practical切合实际的 ‎ ‎14. enjoy equal rights享有平等权利 ‎15. solid professional working experience扎实的职业工作经验 ‎16. exchange experience交流经验 ‎17. undertake the obligations 承担责任 ‎18. offer a chance of education提供教育机会 ‎19. vocational guidance职业指导 ‎ ‎20. vocational training职业训练 ‎21. face up to possible pressure and competition勇敢面对可能的压力和竞争 ‎ ‎22. Exam-oriented Education应试教育 ‎23.Quality-oriented Education (Quality Education) 素质教育 三、参考语句 话题常用句型 ‎1.Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained ‎ at any age and at any place.尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。‎ ‎2. No one can deny the fact that a person's education is the most important aspect of his life.没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。‎ ‎3. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。‎ ‎4. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。‎ ‎5. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。‎ ‎6. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。‎ ‎7. The information I've collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。‎ ‎8. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业的时候教给学生所有的知识。‎ ‎9. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.当前高校和研究机构关于教育问题存在着大量争论。其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。‎ ‎10. This issue has caused wide public concern.这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。‎ ‎11. As for me, I'm in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons：...就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：……‎ ‎12. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。‎ ‎13. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作机会或提升的机会。‎ ‎14. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students' doing a part-time job.对于大学生或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。‎ ‎15. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。‎ ‎16. Although people's lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day.近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。‎ ‎17. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.因此，业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。‎ ‎18. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a farreaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。‎ ‎【典例01】‎ ‎（2015年湖南卷）Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.‎ 请以老师当众表扬你为话题，用下面所给的句子开头，续写一篇英语短文。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎    As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 将所有句子写在答题卡上；‎ ‎2. 续写词数不少于120个；‎ ‎3. 不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【写作指导】‎ 本文是一篇开放性作文，考生只要根据所给的信息进行写作即可。题中给出的内容是：作为一名学生，在同学面前受老师表扬是世界上最好的事。故事、感想等写作空间很大，可以自由发挥。可主要围绕受表扬的原因、感受来写。写作时人称主要采用第一人称，时态主要为一般过去时。写作步骤：(1)续写一件当众受到老师表扬的经历； (2)总结这次经历对自己产生的影响。写作时要注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。‎ Li Jia wrote an excellent English article in the exam．I do hope he will make more progress with great efforts．”On hearing what he said，I couldn’t hold back my tears．It was for the first time that I got praised before my classmates．From then on，I fell in love with English．You can’t imagine how grateful I am to Mr.Zhang．Without his praise．I couldn’t have gone so far in my English study．‎ ‎【典例02】‎ ‎（2017广东实验高三10月月考）假如你是李华，已经被大学录取，即将进入大学学习。请你用英语给好友Sam写一封信，谈谈进入大学后的打算。短文应包含以下要点：‎ ‎1、尽快适应环境;‎ ‎2、注重能力发展。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 全文100词左右；‎ ‎2. 书信的开头已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Sam,‎ How are you getting along with your life recently? _______________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【写作指导】‎ 本文是一篇书信类作文，要求用英语给好友Sam写一封信，谈谈进入大学后的打算。要点包括：1.尽快适应环境；2. 注重能力发展。注意要点内容是高度概括的，需要增加细节，充实内容。写作时人称主要采用第一人称，时态主要为一般将来时。写作步骤：(1)举例说明如何适应新环境； (2)培养哪些方面的能力。写作时要注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。‎ ‎【范文赏析】‎ meaningful activities to get more social practice and develop my strong points.‎ Can you give me some advice? As a sophomore, you must have a lot to tell me.‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【典例03】‎ ‎（2017广东省中山一中高三上二次联考）‎ 假定你是高中学生李华，你的美国朋友Jim即将升入中国的一所高中学习，想让你给他一些学习建议。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： ‎ ‎1. 与老师交流，征求老师意见； ‎ ‎2. 上课积极参与讨论，专心听讲，做好笔记；‎ ‎ 3. 课后积极完成作业，巩固知识。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数100左右； ‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Jim,‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【写作指导】‎ 本文是一篇书信类作文，要求给美国朋友Jim写一封电子邮件，提供一些学习建议。要点包括：1. 与老师交流，征求老师意见；；2. 上课积极参与讨论，专心听讲，做好笔记；3. 课后积极完成作业，巩固知识。这篇作文的要点比较详细，学生要将它们表达清楚，不能遗漏，但是需要注意不能逐字逐句翻译。写作时人称主要采用第二人称，时态主要为一般现在时。写作时要注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。‎ ‎【范文赏析】‎ ‎ I sincerely hope my advice can be helpful to you and that you can enjoy your new school life.‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours, ‎ Li Hua ‎【典例04】‎ ‎（2017安徽省合肥第一中学高三阶段）‎ 众所周知，课堂是每个学生实现梦想的地方，然而，有一部分同学没有很好地利用它。请以How should we make good use of classes? 为题，写一篇文章，应包含以下要点；‎ ‎1.简要说明课堂的意义；‎ ‎2.目前课堂中存在的主要问题；‎ ‎3.分析原因并提出建议。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 可根据内容需要适当拓展，以使行文连贯； 2.词数100左右。‎ How should we make good use of classes?‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【写作指导】‎ 本文是一篇提纲作文，考生只要根据所给的信息进行写作即可。话题是How should we make good use of classes? 题中给出三个要点：1.简要说明课堂的意义； 2.目前课堂中存在的主要问题； 3.分析原因并提出建议。写作时人称主要采用第一人称，时态主要为一般现在时。写作时要注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。‎ As far as I am concerned, the main reason is that they don't realize the importance of study. To solve this problem, they have to understand making full use of class is the best way to improve the efficiency of study. After all, time waits for no man.‎ ‎（1）‎ 假定你是李华，寒假期间应邀去纽约的孔子学院，并与该校学生交流。请你按照以下要求写出发言稿。‎ ‎ 要点：‎ ‎ 1．阐述汉语的广泛用途；‎ ‎ 2．介绍学习汉语的方法。‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎1．词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细工，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear friends,‎ ‎ I am honored to have a chance to be with you today. ______________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ Thanks a million!‎ ‎【范文】‎ Dear friends,‎ I am honored to have a chance to be with you today.‎ As is well-known to all, with a good knowledge of Chinese, you will get a better understanding of China, a 2000-year-old multi-cultural country. Furthermore, learning Chinese is an up-to-date trend you don’t want to miss. It is likely that you can make lots of Chinese friends as well.‎ As for the tips of learning Chinese, I would say that Rome wasn’t built in a day, so learning Chinese takes time. Please use what you learn in class whenever you can—the more you use Chinese, the better you will learn it. Besides, listening to tapes, watching films and reading stories in Chinese are of great help.‎ I hope you all become fluent Chinese speakers in the near future.‎ Thanks a million!‎ ‎【写作指导】‎ will get a better understanding of China, a 2000-year-old multi-cultural country.这句话使用了非限制性定语从句， It is likely that you can make lots of Chinese friends as well.这句话使用省略句和it做形式主语， As for the tips of learning Chinese, I would say that Rome wasn’t built in a day, so learning Chinese takes time.这句话使用谚语；Please use what you learn in class whenever you can—the more you use Chinese, the better you will learn it.这句话使用了宾语从句，还有范文使用了Furthermore，besides这样的关联词使文章更加连贯。总之，范文使用大量高中教材中出现的高级短语和句型，考生应该能做到学以致用。‎ ‎（2）‎ 假如你是高三（一）班班长李华，学校安排你在新学年的升旗仪式中发言，请你谈谈高中阶段需要学习什么，怎么学习。 ‎ 注意：1.词数100左右。‎ ‎2.发言稿开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Good morning, everyone! It is my honor to make a speech here.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Thank you!‎ ‎【范文】‎ Good morning, everyone! It is my honor to make a speech here. I will share with you what to learn in senior high school and how.‎ As you all know, high school is a period of discovery. First, what is the most fundamental ‎ is the basic knowledge on which our future will be built. It is so vital that we should make our efforts to learn it. Besides, to achieve your academic goals, a good learning habit is of great significance too. What’s more, you should attach importance to physical exercise for the reason that it does good to your studies. Last but not least, you are supposed to show respect to your teachers and get along with your classmates. ‎ Only in this way can you enjoy a rich and colorful life in high school.‎ Thank you!‎ ‎【写作指导】‎ ‎【亮点说明】此文语言流畅，言简意赅，要点齐全。关联词语运用得恰到好处，使整个语篇衔接紧密,逻辑清楚。而短文中较多高级词语和句式的使用也提升了文章的得分档次。‎ 关联词语：in addition to，what’s more，last but not least等。‎ 亮点词汇：a period of discovery, fundamental, of great significance, show respect to, enjoy a rich and colorful life等。‎ 高级句式：it作形式主语（It is so vital that we should make our efforts to learn it.）；倒装句(Only in this way can you enjoy a rich and colorful life in high school.)等。 ‎ ‎（3）‎ 高考过后，总有一些学习用品商家千方百计在高考状元身上下工夫，让状元们说是使用过他们的产品后才取得优异成绩。请你用英语写一篇100词左右的短文，谈谈自己的看法。内容应该包括以下要点：‎ ‎1 简要描述这种现象； ‎ ‎2 个人对这种现象的看法 ‎ ‎3给状元们提一点建议 注意： 1 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 ‎ 2 参考词汇： 状元 Number one scholar（NOS）‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【范文】‎ to help us study.‎ I do hope that NOS can think of the poor students instead of themselves only.‎ ‎【写作指导】‎ 本次写作是提纲类书面表达，考生要先审清题目要求，确定好作文人称、时态、写作要点、段落等基本内容。本文是关于商家利用高考状元宣传自己产品的问题，内容有：1 简要描述这种现象； 2 个人对这种现象的看法 3给状元们提一点建议，要点不够详细，给考生发挥的余地较大，也增加了难度，考生要适当增加细节，使内容充实，结构完整，明确作文的基本内容后，就是选用准确的词汇和恰当的句子来表达。在写作的过程中，要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型，让文章更有文采。同时在列举措施的时候要使用合适的连接词如： Besides, What’s more等，让文章看起来很有条理，也很流畅。‎ their proper way of learning and hard work. 这句话用了not……but结构， not all of these products are good enough to help us study.这句话用了部分否定， I do hope that NOS can think of the poor students instead of themselves only这句话对谓语进行了强调。 ‎ ‎（4）‎ 假如你叫李华，今年暑假即将跨入高三的学习，压力很大，想和父母说说心里话，请你用英文在你的博客上用书信形式表达出来。主要内容如下：‎ 知心话 感恩 感谢父母的关心、鼓励 ‎ 对父母的期望 ‎1. 多加交流 ‎2. 适时提供帮助 学习打算 考生自拟（至少写两点）‎ 注意：1. 短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥。‎ ‎2. 词数：120左右（开头与结尾已给出，不计入词数）。‎ Dear Mom and Dad,‎ With the Senior Three approaching, I really hope to have a heart-to-heart talk with you!‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Mom and Dad, I am quite confident about my future. Wish you good health and a happy life.‎ ‎ Yours sincerely,‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎【范文】‎ Dear Mom and Dad,‎ With the Senior Three approaching, I really hope to have a heart-to-heart talk with you!‎ During the years, I always feel grateful for your unselfish care and love. Thanks to your constant encouragement, I have been making remarkable progress in my studies.‎ Since it will be less than one month before the exam, I'm under great pressure now. I would appreciate it if you can have a frequent talk with me and provide me with timely help, which contributes to my staying in a good state.‎ I am fully aware of the responsibilities I am shouldering. I have made up my mind to make every effort to study, for I believe hard work is the key to success. Just as the saying goes, "no pains, no gains." Meanwhile, I will spare some time to participate in sports activities, aiming to build up my body and free myself from the heavy work of studies.‎ Mom and Dad, I am quite confident about my future. Wish you good health and a happy life.‎ ‎ Yours sincerely,‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎【写作指导】‎ 一层楼。‎ ‎【亮点说明】范文使用了很多词组：Thanks to 多亏，making remarkable progress 取得很大的进步，made up my mind to 决定，make every effort to study努力学习， the key to…的关键。 还使用了不少精典句式，如： Since it will be less than one month before the exam, I'm under great pressure now. 这句话使用了固定句型，I would appreciate it if you can have a frequent talk with me and provide me with timely help, which contributes to my staying in a good state.这句话使用了it做形式宾语和which引导的定语从句，I am fully aware of the responsibilities I am shouldering.这句话使用了定语从句， Meanwhile, I will spare some time to participate in sports activities, aiming to build up my body and free myself from the heavy work of studies这句话使用了现在分词做状语。文章还恰当地使用了俗语：Just as the saying goes,"no pains, no gains."。‎