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2020届二轮复习定语从句(48张)
2020届二轮复习 定语从句 目 录 600分考点 完全掌握 考点12 关系代词 考点13 关系副词 700分考法 完美对应 考法1 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法 考法2 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 易混知识 易错清单 易混1 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 易混2 定语从句与其他从句的混淆 易混3 定语从句中的主谓一致 易混4 way后的定语从句的引导词 600分考点 完全掌握 考点12 关系代词 分考点1 关系代词的用法 分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法 分考点3 关系代词as和which的区别 分考点4 “介词+关系代词”的用法 分考点1 关系代词 分考点1 关系代词 分考点1 关系代词 分考点1 关系代词 关系代词在从句中作宾语时 一般可省略,但其前有介词 时一般不可省略。 分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法 (1)先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, everything, nothing, anything 等时。 ·All that we have to do now is to practice English. 在我们不不的是英语。 ·I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 我别人的错而对我行的指。 限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的情况Point 1 分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法 (2)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰时。 ·It is the very book that I want to read. 正是我读的。 ·I’ve eaten up all the food that you gave me. 我了我的所有物。 【特别注意】 先行词被the same修饰时,如果表示同一事物, 应用the same… that;但如果表示相同的种类, 则用the same… as。 ·This is the same pen that I used yesterday. 这是我用的那。(that表一) ·This is the same pen as I used yesterday. 这和我用的那一样。(as表类的 ) 分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法 分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法 (3)先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高 级所修饰时。 ·The first letter that I get from him will be kept. 我到的他的第一将被。 ·This is the best (way) that is used to solve the problem. 这是解决这个题的法。 分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法 (4)先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 ·She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in. 所的人和物下。 分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法 (5)若先行词是主句的表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 ·Shenzhen is no longer the city that it used to be. 不是过去的那个样子了。 ·The school is quite different from the one that it used to be. 这所学校与从前不了。 分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法 (6)当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 ·Who is the man that is giving us the class? 我们上课的那个人是 ·Which of the books is the one that belongs to you? 这些中一本是的 【特别注意】 在双重定语从句中,如果一个从句用which引导,则另一个从句用that 引导。 ·They built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 他们建了一个工厂,这个工厂生产的东西人们以前从未见过。 (第一个定语从句由which引导,第二个定语从句由that引导) 分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法 当先行词指物时,定语从句中关系代词只用 which不用 that 的情况Point 2 (1)引导非限制性定语从句时,只用which,不用that。 ·A coin is put into the cake, which signifies success in the New Year for the person who receives it.一,这预到这块 的人在的一取成。[安徽2015] (2)关系代词指物,且前有介词时,只用which,不用that。 ·This is the college in which I am studying. 这是我正读的大学。 分考点3 关系代词as和which的区别 as 引导的非限制性定语从句,既可放在主句前,又可放在主句后,有 时还可插入主句中,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后。 ·As we know, the earth is round. 正如我们所知,地是的。 · After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, which turned out to be a wise decision. 大学以后,我了一些时间去行,后这是个的 决定。[] Point 1 分考点3 关系代词as和which的区别 as和which引导非限制性定语从句时,as引导的从句主要起承接上文的 作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意 为“正如”;which意为“这一点”,引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列 句,补充说明事物的状态或结果。 ·As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. 正如我们所知,有。 · He was always late, which made his teacher very angry. 他常到,这使他的生。 Point 2 ·He won the first prize, as is expected. 正如预料的一样,他了一。 特别注意 as多用于下列习惯用语中: as is often the case ……是常有的事 as is well-known/known to all 众所周知 as is expected 正如所预料的那样 as has been said before 正如前文所述 as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的 分考点3 关系代词as和which的区别 分考点3 关系代词as和which的区别 当先行词被 as, so, such, the same 修饰时,关系代词常用as。 ·That’s as good a place as I can find. 这是我能到的地方。 · I’ve never heard such stories as he told. 我从未过他的这故事。 Point 3 如果从句中缺成分(主语、宾语或表语),则判断为定语从句,用as作引 导词;如果从句中不缺成分,则为结果状语从句,用that引导。 ·She is such a clever girl as everyone likes. 是一个人见人的。(likes后缺宾语,所以是定语从句,关系代词as作 likes的宾语) ·She is such a clever girl that everyone likes her. 是那的一个以于个人。(likes后有宾语her, 所以是结果语从句,that 词作用,不作句子成分) 分考点3 关系代词as和which的区别 特别注意 so/such… as… 引导的定语从句与so/such… that… 引导的 状语从句: 分考点4 “介词+关系代词”的用法 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用 which 或 whom,且不能省略。 ·She still remembers the day on which she won the prize. 的那一。 ·The man with whom she entered the hall was her husband. 和一大的那子是的。 Point 1 若介词不提前,位于定语从句的末尾时,引导词that/which/who/whom 作介词的宾语时可以省略。 ·This is the boy his parents are proud of. 这是引以为的(that/whom/who)那个。 ·This is the pen (that/which) I wrote my homework with. 这是我作用的那。 分考点4 “介词+关系代词”的用法 特别注意 分考点4 “介词+关系代词”的用法 归纳总结 “介词+ which/whom” 引导的定语从句中介词的确定: (1)根据从句中动词、形容词等与介词的习惯搭配来确定。 ·Do you know the girl with/to whom the teacher talked just now? 认识和的那个(talk作“”时,常与 with或to) (2)根据先行词在从句中的成分来确定。 ·I’ll never forget the days on which we worked together in the countryside. 我不我们在下一工作的那些日子。(先行 词days在定语从句中作时间语,应用介词on) (3)根据语意表达的需要来确定。 ·Knowledge is the wings with which we realize our dreams. 知识是我们以梦的。(with表用工) 分考点4 “介词+关系代词”的用法 “介词短语+关系代词which”结构引导的定语从句,通常是非限制性定 语从句,从句常用倒装语序。 ·He is studying in the classroom now, in front of which stand two trees. 他在正在那间教学,教前面有。 Point 2 分考点4 “介词+关系代词”的用法 “介词+which+名词”结构引导的定语从句。这类结构常见的有: during which time 在此期间 at which time在这时 at which point在这一时刻 for which reason由于这个原因 in which case在这一情况下 ·Mother is preparing lunch, during which time children are playing outside. 在,在此期间,子们在面。 ·He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team. 他可能这,如果这样的,他 有可能国家。[2013] Point 3 分考点4 “介词+关系代词”的用法 “the+名词+of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句,一般为非限制性 定语从句。该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词为所属关系。 ·The newly-built cafe, the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. 建成的,被成了绿,对我们,是一个安 的地方,特别是在工作后。[江] Point 4 分考点4 “介词+关系代词”的用法 “表示部分的词语 + of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。表示部 分的词常见的有:不定代词(all, both, none, some, most, several等) ;数词(基数词、序数词、百分数、分数);the + 形容词最高级/ 比较级。 ·The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of which are beyond our control. 物的生多的,其中大部分是我们法 制的。[] Point 5 考点13 关系副词 考点13 关系副词 关系副词when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“表示时 间的介词(in, at, on, during)+which”。 ·He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education. 在他生的那个时代,人是不了教育的。[2015重庆] ·The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 体是生的一所,这样的时代一去不了。 [] Point 1 考点13 关系副词 关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“表示地 点的介词(in, at, on, under)+which”。 ·I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 我和一上了,在上 我们到了美。[西] ·A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 行是在 之时,到了下时还去的地方。[江] Point 2 若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词,如situation, point, stage, position等,且引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where或“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句。如果引导词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语, 则用关系代词that/which引导。 ·At last he got the position (that/which) he had been dreaming of. 他到了他梦以的那个。 ·I have come to the point where/at which I can’t stand him. 我到了法他的地。·He’s got into the situation where/in which he is in debt. 他的境地。 考点13 关系副词 特别注意 考点13 关系副词 关系副词 why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于for which。 ·Is this the reason why/for which he refused our offer? 这是他我们提的由 ·Do you know the reason why/for which he didn’t attend the meeting? 知他参加的 Point 3 700分考法 完美应对 考法1 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法 考法2 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 考法1 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法 关系代词that/which/who/whom/as在定语从句中作主语、宾 语或 表语;whose作定语,表所属关系;关系副词 where/when/why在定语从句中作状语。 做题时首先找准先行词,然后分析定语从句的成分,如果缺 主语、宾语、表语,则用关系代词;如果缺定语,则用whose; 如果缺状语,则用关系副词或“介词+关系代词”。 另外,考生应重点掌握that与which、as与which引导定语从 句的区别。 例 1 [课标全国Ⅰ 2015·64改编] 【解析】设空处引导定语从句修饰先 行词the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River,且关系 词在从句中作主语,故填that或 which。 that或which 句意为:我曾与桂林擦身而过, 那是游客尽览灰岩群峰和漓江 绿水的梦幻之境,是被艺术家 在许多国画中描绘的地方。 I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _______ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 例 2 [课标全国II 2013·24改编] 【解析】定语从句中stay为不及物动 词,先行词为house,指地点,故用 关系副词where引导定语从句,也可 用in which替换。 where 句意为:当我到达的时候, 布赖恩带我去看了我将要住 的房子。 When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _______ I would be staying. 考法2 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 解答此类题注意两点: (1)选择介词时,主要看与先行词、从句中谓语动词或形容词的搭配; (2)选择关系代词时,先行词是物,则只能用which;先行词是人,则 只能用whom。 例 1 [安徽2015·28改编] 【解析】分析句子结构可知,设空处 引导定语从句,先行词是skill,关系 代 词 可 用 that或 which, 但 depend upon(依靠,依赖,取决于)为固 定短语,此处介词upon提前,而that 不可以用在介词后,故填which。 which 句意为:一些专家认为,阅读 是学校教育所依赖的一项基本 技能。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ______ school education depends. 例 2 [重庆2013·24改编] 【解析】先行词为40 people,定语从 句中of缺少宾语,故使用whom。 whom 句意为:约翰邀请了大约40 个人参加他的婚礼,其中大 部分是家庭成员。 John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _______ are family members. 易错知识 易混清单 易混1 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从 句的区别 易混2 定语从句与其他从句的混淆 易混3 定语从句中的主谓一致 易混4 way后的定语从句的引导词 易混1 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 (1)定语从句与并列句的混淆。 判断句子是定语从句还是并列句,关键看题干中第二个句子前是否有 and, but等并列连词或分号等。如果有,则为并列句;反之则为定语 从句。 例如:怀特先生有三个儿子,他们都很勇敢。 ·Mr. White has three sons, all of whom are brave.( 定语从句) ·Mr. White has three sons, and all of them are brave.( 并列句)·Mr. White has three sons; all of them are brave.( 并列句) 易混2 定语从句与其他从句的混淆 此句还可表达为:Mr. White has three sons, all of them brave.(all of them brave为独立主格结构) (2)as引导的非限制性定语从句与what引导的主语从句以及it作形式主 语时的主语从句的混淆。 ①as引导的非限制性定语从句放在句首时,其后面有逗号与主句隔开, as 既是引导词又在从句中作成分。 ②what在引导的主语从句中既作成分又起连接作用。 ③it在句中只作形式主语。 易混2 定语从句与其他从句的混淆 例如:众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。 ·As is known to us all, China is a developing country. (as引导非限制性定语从句) ·What is known to us all is that China is a developing country. (what引导主语从句) ·It is known to us all that China is a developing country. (it作主语,that从句是正的主语) 易混2 定语从句与其他从句的混淆 (1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词 保持一致。 ·Mr. Smith, who is now downstairs, is asking to see you. 先生要见,他在正在下。 ·The Smiths, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you. 要见,他们在正在下。 易混3 定语从句中的主谓一致 (2)“(the) one of +复数名词”后接定语从句时,从句谓语动词单复数的 判断: ①先行词为“one of +复数名词”时,从句的谓语动词用复数。 ·Jack is one of the students who were awarded. 是学生之一。 ②先行词为“the (only/very/right) one of +复数名词” 时,从句的谓语 动词用单数。 ·Jack is the only one of the students who was awarded. 是这些学生 中一一个的。 易混3 定语从句中的主谓一致 (1)如果way作先行词,定语从句中缺少方式状语,则从句用in which或 that引导,引导词也可省略。 ·Please tell me the way (in which/that) you worked out the maths problems.请我解这学题的方法。 (2)如果way作先行词,定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,则用which或that引 导该从句。若引导词在定语从句中作宾语,也可以省略。 ·I think the way (that/which) he told me is the best. 我认为他我的那个方法是的。 易混4 way后的定语从句的引导词 敬请期待下一专题……查看更多