2021届高考英语一轮总复习Book5Unit1Greatscientists课时跟踪练 人教版

2021届高考英语一轮总复习Book5Unit1Greatscientists课时跟踪练 人教版

课时跟踪练21 Unit 1 Great scientists Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Fashion is a horrible thing.One day you are cool wearing your flared jeans and the next one you're an idiot.You have nothing else to do, but put your favourite jeans in the shelf of outdated shame.However, now scientists from the University of New South Wales say that your old, worn out clothes could be turned into building materials—solid panels (嵌板) for floors or walls.‎ Old, unwanted clothes are actually a huge burden on the environment.They usually end up in a landfill, where they rot away without any use for us, at the same time polluting the environment. Cheap throwaway clothes produce 10 million tonnes of landfill in the US alone each year.However, shredding (撕碎) them we could create new materials.Scientists firstly removed zippers, buttons and other hard pieces, then shredded this old mess of clothing and then added some chemicals to bond these fibers together.The last step was heating and pressing this material to form solid panels.They are strong, waterresistant and not easy to catch fire.Their quality can be further tuned by adding some other materials, such as sawdust, old foam, paper and so on.Different mixtures result in different textures (质地) and colours.‎ These panels are strong enough to be used on the floor, but their decorative qualities allow them to be used on walls as well.However, scientists still have challenges to overcome before it becomes commercially available.The challenge is consistency—you want your walls to be consistent in colour, which is difficult to achieve when the material is so diverse.‎ Actually, shredded material could also be used as a heat insulator for walls of the buildings, and it could become filling material for toys or some furniture as well.However, turning old clothing into construction materials could become a business, which would drive this recycling process into a new level.‎ ‎1．What do we know about old clothes from Paragraph 1?‎ A．They are cool to wear again.‎ B．They cost a lot to be recycled.‎ C．They will be fashionable in time.‎ D．They can be construction materials.‎ - 9 -‎ ‎2．Why should some chemicals be added in making panels?‎ A．To strengthen the fibers.‎ B．To make panels waterresistant.‎ C．To combine the shredded fabrics.‎ D．To form different textures and colours.‎ ‎3．What's the problem of solid panels made from clothes?‎ A．They can hardly be decorated on walls.‎ B．It is hard to produce them in the same colour.‎ C．It is difficult for them to achieve different colours.‎ D．They are not easy to be promoted commercially.‎ ‎4．What may drive people to improve the recycling of old clothing?‎ A．Its outdated recycling process.‎ B．Its potential commercial value.‎ C．The curiosity to find more usage.‎ D．The urge to protect the environment.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　文章介绍了新南威尔士大学的科学家认为旧衣服可以进行回收利用并能将其转化成建筑材料，并介绍了这种材料的优缺点。‎ ‎1．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，now scientists from...your old，worn out clothes could be turned into building materials...”可知，这些旧衣服可以转化为建筑材料，故选D项。‎ 答案：D ‎2．解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scientists firstly...and then added some chemicals to bond these fibers together.”可知，加入化学物质是为了把这些被撕碎的衣料结合到一起，故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎3．解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However，scientists still have challenges to overcome before it becomes commercially available.The challenge is consistency—you want your walls to be consistent in colour，which is difficult to achieve when the material is so diverse.”可知，因为衣服材料多种多样，所以想让这种建筑材料的颜色一致很困难，故选B项。‎ 答案：B ‎4．解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“However, turning old clothing into construction materials could become a business，which would drive this recycling process into a new level.”‎ - 9 -‎ 可知，把旧衣服转化成建筑材料很可能会成为一种行业，即可能有商业价值，这是驱使人们进行回收的巨大动力，故选B项。‎ 答案：B B ‎“Hope has proved a powerful predictor of outcome in every study we've done so far”， said Dr Snyder, a psychologist.‎ In a study with 3，920 college students, Dr Snyder found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first term was a more accurate predictor of their college grades than their SAT scores or their grade point averages in high school.“Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them，” Dr Snyder said.“When you compare the equal learning ability and past school achievements of students, you will find that what sets them apart is hope.”‎ In seeking a way to assess hope scientifically, Dr Snyder went beyond the usual belief that hope is merely the sense that everything will turn out all right.“This idea is not concrete enough; it fails to clarify two key components of hope，” Dr Snyder said.“Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to accomplish your goals, whatever they may be.”‎ Despite the wisdom in the old saying “Where there's a will, there's a way”， Dr Snyder has found that the two are not necessarily connected.In a study of people from 18 to 70 years old, Dr Snyder discovered: only about 40% of people were hopeful in the technical sense of believing they typically had the energy and means to accomplish their goals; about 20% of the people believed in their ability to find the means to attain their goals, but said they had little will to do so; another 20% had the opposite pattern, saying they had the energy to motivate themselves but little confidence that they would find the means; the rest had little hope at all, reporting that they typically had neither the will nor the way.‎ ‎“It's not enough just to have the wish for something，” said Dr Snyder.“You need the means, too.On the other hand, all the skills to solve a problem won't help without the willpower to do it.”‎ ‎5．What does Dr Snyder think can best predict a freshman's academic performance?‎ A．His SAT scores.‎ B．His high school grades.‎ C．His level of hope.‎ D．His family background.‎ - 9 -‎ ‎6．What did Dr Synder say about the old saying “Where there's a will, there's a way”？‎ A．It is quite realistic.‎ B．It is not inspiring to students.‎ C．It is totally wrong.‎ D．It is not always true in reality.‎ ‎7．What can be the most suitable title for the passage?‎ A．No Pain, No Gain B．Hope Emerges as the Key to Success C．Will Gets It Going D．Where There's a Will, There's a Way ‎【语篇解读】　心理学家通过研究发现：怀有希望的人在学习上会取得更好的结果，而怀有希望代表相信自己兼具实现目标的方法和意志。‎ ‎5．解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Dr Snyder found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first term was a more accurate predictor of their college grades”可知，怀有希望的程度能帮助研究人员更准确地预测学生的学术成绩。故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎6．解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...Dr Snyder has found that the two are not necessarily connected.”以及本段的调查数据可知，意志和方法不一定是相互联系的，也就是说，这个谚语在现实中并非总是正确的。故选D项。‎ 答案：D ‎7．解析：主旨大意题。综观全文可知，学生怀有希望的程度能有效地预测学生的学术成绩，希望是成功的动力。A项意为“一分耕耘，一分收获”；B项意为“希望是成功的关键”；C项意为“有志者可以一切顺利”；D项意为“有志者事竟成”。故选B项。‎ 答案：B Ⅱ.完形填空 William Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13，1865.His childhood 1 the harmony that was 2 of a happy family.Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”．In fact, he 3 excellent taste in art from his family—both his father and his brother were painters, But he finally 4 literature, 5 drama and poetry.‎ Yeats had strong 6 in the coming of new artistic movements.He set himself the 7 task in founding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s.His early theatrical ‎ - 9 -‎ experiments, 8 , were not received 9 at the beginning.He didn't lose heart, and finally enjoyed 10 in his poetical drama.‎ ‎ 11 with his dramatic works, Yeats's poems attract much 12 notice.The subject matter includes love, nature, history, time and aging.Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern 13 to them.As his literary life 14 , his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide 15 ．‎ He had not 16 a major public life 17 winning the Nobel Prize in 1923.Yet, he continued writing almost to the end of his life.Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be 18 as a minor poet, for he is a poet who 19 his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75.After Yeats's death in 1939, W．H.Auden wrote, among others, the following lines：‎ Earth, receive an 20 guest：‎ William Yeats is laid to rest.‎ Let the Irish vessel (器皿) lie.‎ Emptied of its poetry.‎ ‎1．A.held　　　　 B．lacked C．expected D．enjoyed ‎2．A.typical B．special C．awkward D．capable ‎3．A.inherited B．developed C．abandoned D．formed ‎4．A.carried on B．decided on C．put on D．based on ‎5．A.regularly B．instantly C．particularly D．finally ‎6．A.desire B．energy C．access D．faith ‎7．A.fresh B．stupid C．small D．difficult ‎8．A.therefore B．however C．besides D．furthermore ‎9．A.possibly B．decently C．favourably D．doubtfully ‎10．A.failure B．fame - 9 -‎ C．pleasure D．success ‎11．A.Connected B．Occupied C．Compared D．Tired ‎12．A.admiring B．amusing C．amazing D．interesting ‎13．A.potential B．sensibility C．possibility D．benefit ‎14．A.finished B．simplified C．created D．progressed ‎15．A.praise B．spread C．recognition D．assessment ‎16．A.enjoyed B．accepted C．purchased D．taken ‎17．A.before B．since C．until D．after ‎18．A.respected B．ignored C．valued D．encouraged ‎19．A.prohibits B．attempts C．recommends D．produces ‎20．A.appealed B．advocated C．advanced D．honoured ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了爱尔兰著名作家威廉·巴特勒·叶芝的故事。他以诗体戏剧及诗歌闻名，并于1923年获得了诺贝尔文学奖。‎ ‎1．解析：根据下文中的“little of childhood but its pain”可知，叶芝的童年缺少和谐。hold意为“抓住；容纳；拥有”；lack意为“缺乏；没有”；expect意为“期待；期望”；enjoy意为“享受”。‎ 答案：B ‎2．解析：根据语境可知，叶芝的童年缺少和谐，而和谐是一个幸福家庭的典型特征。typical意为“典型的”；special意为“特别的”；awkward意为“令人尴尬的”；capable意为“有能力的；能胜任的”。‎ 答案：A ‎3．解析：根据空后的“both his father and his brother were painters”可知，叶芝从家人那继承了优秀的艺术鉴赏能力。inherit意为“继承”；develop意为“发展”；abandon意为“放弃”；form意为“形成”。‎ - 9 -‎ 答案：A ‎4．解析：根据下文中的“Yeats's poems”和“he continued writing almost to the end of his life”可知，叶芝后来决定从事文学。carry on意为“进行；继续”；decide on意为“决定；选定”；put on意为“穿上；增加；上演”；base on意为“基于；以……为根据”。故选B项。‎ 答案：B ‎5．解析：根据语境可知，叶芝最终决定从事文学，尤其是在戏剧和诗歌方面。regularly意为“有规律地”；instantly意为“立即”；particularly意为“尤其”；finally意为“最后”。故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎6．解析：根据下文中的“He didn't lose heart”可知，叶芝对新艺术运动的到来有着强烈的信心。desire意为“欲望”；energy意为“精力；能量”；access意为“接触的机会；进入权”；faith意为“信念；信心”。故选D项。‎ 答案：D ‎7．解析：根据空后一句“His early theatrical...were not received 9 at the beginning.”可知，叶芝是为自己设定了一项新任务——建立一座爱尔兰国家剧院。fresh意为“新的；新鲜的”；stupid意为“愚蠢的”；small意为“小的”；difficult意为“困难的”。‎ 答案：A ‎8．解析：根据“...were not received 9 at the beginning.He didn't lose heart...”可知，此处表示转折，指他早期的戏剧实验一开始并不受欢迎。therefore意为“因此”；however意为“然而”；besides意为“除……之外(还)”；furthermore意为“此外；而且”。‎ 答案：B ‎9．解析：根据下文中的“He didn't lose heart，and finally...”可知，叶芝早期的作品不受欢迎，并没有得到大众的支持。possibly意为“可能地”；decently意为“体面地”；favourably意为“赞同地；支持地”；doubtfully意为“怀疑地”。故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎10．解析：根据下文中的“winning the Nobel Prize in 1923”可知，叶芝的作品最初不受欢迎，但是由于坚持不懈地努力，他最终获得了成功。failure意为“失败”；fame意为“名声”；pleasure意为“快乐”；success意为“成功”。故选D项。‎ 答案：D ‎11．解析：根据空后的“his dramatic works，Yeats's poems attract much”可知，此处是把叶芝的诗歌和戏剧作品作比较。connect意为“连接”；occupy意为“占据”；compare - 9 -‎ 意为“比较”；tire意为“感到疲劳；厌烦”。故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎12．解析：根据下文中的“...his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to...”可知，与他的戏剧作品相比，叶芝的诗歌更引人注目。admiring意为“赞赏的；钦佩的”；amusing意为“有趣的；好笑的；逗人发笑的”；amazing意为“令人惊诧的”；interesting意为“有趣的”。故选A项。‎ 答案：A ‎13．解析：句意为：虽然叶芝通常依赖于非常传统的形式，但他给这些传统形式注入了现代的感受力。potential意为“潜力；潜能”；sensibility意为“感受力”；possibility意为“可能性”；benefit意为“好处；利益”。故选B项。‎ 答案：B ‎14．解析：句意为：随着他文学生涯的发展，他的诗歌变得更为精妙和丰富，这使他得到了世界的认可。finish意为“完成”；simplify意为“简化”；create意为“创造”；progress意为“发展；(使)进步”。故选D项。‎ 答案：D ‎15．解析：由空前的“his poetry grew finer and richer”及下文中的“winning the Nobel Prize”可知，叶芝得到了世界的认可。praise意为“表扬”；spread意为“传播”；recognition意为“认识，承认”；assessment意为“评估；评价”。故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎16．解析：根据下文中的“Yet，he continued writing almost to the end of his life.”可知，自从1923年获得诺贝尔奖以来，叶芝从未享受过重要的公共生活，而是一直致力于写作。enjoy意为“享受”；accept意为“接受”；purchase意为“购买；采购”；take意为“拿，取”。故选A项。‎ 答案：A ‎17．解析：此处指自从叶芝1923年获得诺贝尔奖以来。before意为“在……之前”；since意为“自从”；until意为“直到”；after意为“在……之后”。故选B项。‎ 答案：B ‎18．解析：句意为：如果叶芝在40岁停止写作，他现在可能会被视为一个小诗人，因为这位诗人最伟大的作品是在50岁到75岁之间创作出来的。respect意为“尊敬”；ignore意为“忽视”；value意为“给……估价；重视”；encourage意为“鼓励”。故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎19．解析：此处指叶芝在50岁到75岁之间创作出了许多伟大作品。prohibit意为“禁止；阻止”；attempt意为“尝试”；recommend意为“推荐”；produce意为“生产”。故选D项。‎ - 9 -‎ 答案：D ‎20．解析：句意为：大地，接待了一位尊贵的客人……此处应用honour的过去分词形式作定语，表示“被尊敬的”。appeal意为“吸引”；advocate意为“提倡；鼓吹；拥护”；advance意为“提出；将……提前”；honour意为“尊敬”。故选D项。‎ 答案：D - 9 -‎