江苏省丹阳市2020届高三下学期初测试英语试题 Word版含解析

江苏省丹阳市2020届高三下学期初测试英语试题 Word版含解析

www.ks5u.com 高三质量检测卷 英语 注意:本试卷分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两部分。两部分答案都做在答题卡上。总分为120 分。考试时间 120 分钟。‎ 第一卷(选择题 共 85 分)‎ 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 20 分)‎ 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。‎ 第一节 (共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分)‎ 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ Where does the conversation take place?‎ A. In an elevator. B. On a bus. C. In a taxi.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: At which stop will we get off?‎ W: We still have three more stops to go.‎ ‎2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ How much does each ticket cost?‎ A. ￡3.70. B. ￡4.70. C. ￡7.40.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: Yes?‎ M: I’d like two single tickets, please.‎ W: Where to?‎ M: To king’s Street.‎ W: That’s seven pounds forty.‎ M: Thanks.‎ - 38 -‎ ‎3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ What items are needed the most?‎ A. Batteries. B. Cell phones. C. MP4s.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: Mr. Johnson. I am running out of inventory(存货).‎ M: What items are you short of?‎ W: I am low on batteries, cameras and MP4s, but worst of all, cell phones.‎ ‎4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ What do we know about Karen?‎ A. She hasn’t been in contact with the speakers.‎ B. She has turned away from all her friends.‎ C. She really likes her studies.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: I haven’t heard from Karen since she went to Spain for further study.‎ W: Neither have I ‎5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ Why did the woman change her job?‎ A. She didn’t like machines.‎ B. She was not good at doing business.‎ C. She didn’t like accounting.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: Well, I thought you were working for a large office-machine company.‎ W: I was for a few months, but I decided that accounting wasn’t what I wanted to do.‎ M: That’s why you changed your job.‎ 第二节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分, 满分 15 分)‎ - 38 -‎ 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的做答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎6. At what time will the speakers go to see the Smiths?‎ A. 3:30. B. 4:00. C. 4:15.‎ ‎7. How will they go there?‎ A. By bus. B. By bike. C. On foot.‎ ‎8. Where will they meet?‎ A. At the bus stop.‎ B. Opposite the factory.‎ C. In front of the bookstore.‎ ‎【答案】6. C 7. B 8. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: I’d like to pay a visit to the Smiths at 3:30 p.m. Will you go with me, Mary?‎ W: I’d love to, but I won’t be off work from my factory job until 4:00 p.m. How about 4:15? I’ll be free then, Jack.‎ M: Ok. Let’s meet at the bus stop and take the No.5 bus to go there.‎ W: Why not go by bike? The bus will be crowded at that time.‎ M: But my bike is broken.‎ W: You can use your sister’s new bike, can’t you?‎ M: Yes. I’ll wait for you in front of the bookstore opposite the cinema.‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎9. Why does the man like Joplin’s?‎ A. Because of the location.‎ B. Because of the benefits.‎ C. Because of the salary.‎ - 38 -‎ ‎10. What does the woman suggest?‎ A. He should reconsider.‎ B. He should ask for more benefits.‎ C. He should apply for it.‎ ‎11. What did the woman’s husband use to do on holidays?‎ A. He used to be available for job.‎ B. He used to call Joplin’s.‎ C. He used to have a good rest.‎ ‎【答案】9. C 10. A 11. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: I’m going to apply for a job at Joplin’s. I heard they’re paying ＄12 an hour. That’s the best starting salary I’ve found!‎ W: Yes, that is a good working salary, but their benefits are terrible. If I were you, I’d think twice before working for them.‎ M: How do you know so much about Joplin’s?‎ W: My husband used to work there. They give no health insurance benefits to their part-time workers, but they’re on call for all the major holidays!‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎12. What’s Charles’ problem?‎ A. He has to rent a room.‎ B. He has to pay the rent.‎ C. He has to leave his home.‎ ‎13. What do we know about the woman in the past?‎ A. She always lent money to the man.‎ B. She got financial problems.‎ C. She always bought lotteries.‎ ‎14. How did the woman get so much money?‎ A. She won the lottery. B. She found a good job. C. Her uncle left it to her.‎ - 38 -‎ ‎【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: What’s wrong, Charles? You look like you have a lot on your mind.‎ M: Oh, it’s nothing.‎ W: Come on, there’s something wrong. It’s written all over your face.‎ M: Well, OK. Since you’re my best friend, I guess I can tell you.‎ W: Yes, I’m ready.‎ M: Well, my rent was due yesterday, and I couldn’t pay it.‎ W: Really? How much are you short?‎ M: I still need to come up with ＄1000.‎ W: Well, I could lend it to you.‎ M: Really? Thanks. You’re my savior.‎ W: No problem. And you can pay me back whenever you can.‎ M: You’re kidding! Wait a minute, there’s something fishy going on here.‎ W: What are you talking about?‎ M: Now, why would you lend me money? I thought you were broke.‎ W: Well. My bad days are over.‎ M: Did you win the lottery or something?‎ W: No. My rich uncle passed away last week and left me his fortune.‎ M: Are you serious?‎ W: I sure am. I’m set for life.‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎15. What is the woman’s first impression of the television?‎ A. It’s too big. B. It’s beautiful. C. It’s of high quality.‎ ‎16. How much did the TV cost the man?‎ A. ＄1,000. B. ＄1,200. C. ＄2,400.‎ ‎17. What does the woman suggest the man do?‎ A. Watch less television.‎ - 38 -‎ B. Have the old television fixed.‎ C. Return the television and get his money back.‎ ‎【答案】15. A 16. B 17. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: Hey, you got a new television!‎ M: Yes, it was delivered yesterday. What do you think of it?‎ W: It’s huge. It takes up practically the entire side of the room.‎ M: I know, I know. You don’t think it’s …Well, unreasonable, do you?‎ W: I didn’t say that. I mean if you enjoy it why not? What happened to your old TV anyhow?‎ M: It just stopped working last Friday. It was pretty old and didn’t work well. I thought I could afford it, so I thought, why not get a new one?‎ W: It must have been expensive.‎ M: Well, not as much as you might think. I got it on sale for 50% off.‎ W: Really? Where?‎ M: At a Stereo City on Road 20. You know, at first, I just wanted to replace what I had - a TV about the same size and quality, but the salesman was pushing these because of the 50% off sale.‎ W: Yeah, but 50% off what?‎ M: 2400 dollars.‎ W: You spent 1200 dollars on a TV?‎ M: It’s got a lot of special features. Look at this remote control.‎ W: I’m sure it does. But that’s still a lot of money for a television. I didn’t think you watched TV that much.‎ M: Well, I don’t. Do you think I ought to return it? If I do it within a week of purchase, I can get my money back.‎ W: Yes. And you know what? I think you ought to read up on TV first and choose the make and model you want before you go to the store. That way, you’ll get what you want.‎ - 38 -‎ 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎18. What roles do fathers play nowadays?‎ A. They mainly stay at home looking after children.‎ B. They work outside the home leaving childcare to their wives.‎ C. Besides working they help with childcare as well.‎ ‎19. What do people often do on Mother’s Day?‎ A. Mothers and children go shopping together.‎ B. They have outdoor picnics.‎ C. They wear carnations.‎ ‎20. What is most important on these two days?‎ A. What children write on cards.‎ B. The value of gifts.‎ C. Love and respect given to parents.‎ ‎【答案】18. C 19. C 20. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】People in the United States honor their parents with two specific days: Mother’s Day, on the Second Sunday in May, and Father’s Day, on the third Sunday in June. During these days, Americans show love and respect for their parents. Parents raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give their children love and care. These two days give us a chance to think about the changing roles of mothers and fathers. More mothers now work outside the home. More fathers must help with childcare.‎ These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother’s Day, people often wear carnations. And families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor picnics for Father’s Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.‎ Another tradition is to give cards and gifts. Children can make them in school. Many people make cards for their own parents. These are valued more than the ones bought in stores. It is not the value of the gift that is important, but it is “the thought - 38 -‎ ‎ that counts”.‎ 第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分 35 分)‎ 第一节 单项填空(共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)‎ 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎21.His comprehensive surveys have provided the most________statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.‎ A. explicit B. ambiguous C. fundamental D. arbitrary ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他广泛的调查已经提供了最清晰的关于数据是如何以及基于什么被收集的说明。A. explicit清晰的；B. ambiguous模棱两可的；C. fundamental根本的；D. arbitrary武断的。结合句意可知，此处用“清晰的说明”符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎22.—What will things be like in the year 2080?‎ ‎—I don’t know, but it was the question________last Tuesday by Brian Solis, a noted futurist from Sweden.‎ A. acknowledged B. approved C. alarmed D. addressed ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——2080年世界会是什么样的呢？——我不知道，但这个问题上周二Brian Solis才提出过，他是来自瑞典的一个著名的未来主义者。A. acknowledged承认；B. approved赞成；C. alarmed警告；D. addressed提出。结合句意可知，此处用“提出”符合语境，故选D项。‎ ‎23.—Hi, darling, what's the matter?‎ ‎—Well, I wasn't feeling well this morning and I was having breakfast________a wave of nausea ( 恶心) ________me. And then I passed out.‎ A. before; came over B. when; came over C. before; pulled over D. when; pulled over - 38 -‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查连词和动词短语辨析。句意：——嗨，亲爱的，怎么了？——今天早上我心情不好，我正在吃早饭的时候突然开始觉得一阵恶心，然后就晕过去了。A. before; came over在……之前，开始觉得；B. when; came over当，开始觉得；C. before; pulled over在……之前，靠边停车；D. when; pulled over当，靠边停车。分析句子可知，第一空考查固定句型was/were doing sth…when…“正在做某事突然……”；第二空考查固定短语come over作为“开始觉得”的意思。故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】本题第一空考查when的固定句型 be doing…when…正在做某事突然就……; had done…when…刚做完某事突然就……,；be about to do…when…正要做某事突然就……，这个三句子中只能用when，例如：‎ I was crossing the road when a rushed to me.我正在过马路，突然一辆车向我冲来。‎ He had finished his work when the doorbell rang.他完成工作门铃就响了。‎ ‎24.________China’s success in dealing with desertification, the United Nations Environment Program believes the country is a good example for others to follow.‎ A. In the absence of B. In the light of C. In the place of D. In the case of ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查介词短语。句意：由于中国治理沙漠化的成功，联合国环境计划认为该国是其他国家参照的一个好的榜样。A. In the absence of缺乏；B. In the light of由于，鉴于；C. In the place of代替；D. In the case of在……的情况下。结合句意可知，上下文是因果关系，故用“由于”符合语境，故选B项。‎ ‎25.________''eat more if you're losing weight'' really means is that if you eat 5 to 6 small, healthy meals throughout the day, you will lose weight over time.‎ A. Which B. That C. What D. Whether ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查主语从句。句意：“如果你正在减肥就要多吃”这句话的真正意思是如果你一天吃5-6次量少而健康的餐，随着时间的推移，你的体重会下降。A. Which哪一个；B.‎ - 38 -‎ ‎ That(无意义)；C. What什么/指代事物；D. Whether是否。分析句子可知，此处是主语从句连接词，从句“eat more if you’re losing weight” really means缺少宾语，应用连接代词，又此处指代事物，故用what引导，故选C项。‎ ‎【点睛】本句考查主语从句连接词。确定主语从句连接词一般分三步：分析从句成分；联系上下文意思；考虑特殊情况。以本题为例：‎ 分析从句成分：从句“eat more if you’re losing weight” really means缺少宾语，应用连接代词 联系上下文意思：“如果你正在减肥就要多吃”这句话的真正意味的东西，从句缺少的部分指代事物，故用what引导 考虑特殊情况：无 故填what，选C项。‎ ‎26. —Come on，Kitty.‎ ‎—Oh, good heavens! Both my legs are nearly to give out. I_______ for hours like a dog.‎ A. have been walking B. had walked C. was walking D. walked ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】本题考查动词时态。句意：--快点，Kitty。--哎呀，我的老天！我的两条腿快累死了，我像狗一样走了好几个小时。根据句中的my legs are nearly to give out表示答话人一直走了几个小时的路，因此腿上没有一点儿力气了。在此之前一直走，可知本题应该使用现在完成进行时。故选A。‎ ‎27.An ancient temple ________ back to the Northern Qi Dynasty was destroyed in flames, ________ concerns about the effective protection of cultural remains.‎ A. dating; causing B. dating; caused C. dates; causing D. dates; caused ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一座追溯到北齐年间的庙宇被火烧毁了，导致对有效保护文化遗址的关注。分析句子可知，第一空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，短语date back - 38 -‎ ‎ to“追溯到”不及物，故此处用现在分词作后置定语；第二空处应用非谓语动词作状语，表自然而然的结果，故用现在分词。故选A项。‎ ‎28.—It has been a while and I am still________about the fast pace back here in my school. I miss the life in England so much!‎ ‎—I miss your________too. We had an amazing year!‎ A. compromising; help B. struggling; company C. compromising; company D. struggling; help ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：已经有一段时间了，我仍然在努力适应学校的快节奏。我非常想念英国的生活。——我也想念你的陪伴。我们对过了很棒的一年。A. compromising妥协; help帮助；B. struggling努力; company陪伴；C. compromising妥协; company陪伴；D. struggling努力; help帮助。结合句意可知，第一空处用“努力”，第二空处用“陪伴”符合语境，故选B项。‎ ‎29.________its tests successfully, the driverless car will appear on the market soon.‎ A. Undergoing B. Undergone C. To undergo D. Having undergone ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：已经成功经历了测试，无人驾驶车辆很快就会出现在市场上。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，the driverless car和undergo之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词，又“经历测试”的动作发生在“出现”之前，故用现在分词的完成式having done，故选D项。‎ ‎30.The stranger calling himself a friend of my father's________to be a cheat. I was almost taken in by his trick.‎ A. turned out B. looked out C. pointed out D. came out ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个自称是我爸爸朋友的陌生人结果是一个骗子。我差点被他的把戏骗了。A. turned out证明是，结果是；B. looked out小心；C. pointed out指出；D. came out出版，开花。结合句意可知，此处用“结果是”符合语境，故选A项。‎ - 38 -‎ ‎31.Asia’s recent rise has not been the result of innovation given its population scale.________, it has happened as part of a wave of globalization.‎ A. Nevertheless B. Additionally C. Rather D. Alternatively ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：考虑到人口规模，亚洲最近的崛起不是创新的结果。相反，它是作为全球化浪潮中的一部分发生的。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Additionally另外；C. Rather相反；D. Alternatively或者。结合句意可知，此处用“相反”符合语境，故选C项。‎ ‎32.China's most celebrated martial art novelist and essayist, Jin Yong, under________influence many people have become interested in martial arts, passed away in a Hongkong hospital.‎ A. his B. whose C. which D. whom ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国最著名的武侠小说家金庸在香港的一家医院去世，在他的影响下很多人对武术感兴趣。A. his他的；B. whose……的（关系代词）；C. which关系代词（指事物）；D. whom关系代词（指人）。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词Jin Yong在从句中充当influence的定语，应用关系代词whose，故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】本句考查定语从句关系词。确定定语从句关系词一般分为三步：找出先行词；分析先行词在从句中充当的成分；考虑特殊情况。以本题为例：‎ 找出先行词：Jin Yong 分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分：先行词Jin Yong在从句under________influence many people have become interested in martial arts中充当定语，应用关系代词whose。‎ 考虑特殊情况：无 故用whose，选B项。‎ ‎33.—How marvelous our life is with so many digital devices！‎ ‎—Yes. I bet our life________the same without them.‎ A. isn't B. can't be C. won't be D. wouldn't - 38 -‎ ‎ be ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——有这么多数码设备，我们的生活真是太奇妙了。——是的。我打赌如果没有它们，我们的生活就不一样了。由without判断此处是含蓄虚拟语气，且与现在的事实相反，故用would + do/be，故选D项。‎ ‎【点睛】本句考查含蓄虚拟语气 含蓄虚拟语气里常会出现without, but for, otherwise, were if not for等词，例如：‎ Without your help, I couldn't have passed the driving test yesterday.没有你的帮助，我就不可能通过昨天的驾考。‎ Thanks for your advice, otherwise I wouldn't have lost weight successfully.多亏了你的建议，否则我就不会成功减肥了。‎ ‎34.________, I believe, and you can see he wasn’t lying.‎ A. Casting a glance at the boy B. One glance at the boy C. Glance cast at the boy D. If you cast a glance at the boy ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我认为，看一眼这个男孩，你就可以知道他没有撒谎。分析句子可知，此处考查固定句型“名词词组+ and/or + 陈述句”，句中I believe是插入结构，可忽略，故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】本句考查固定句型：祈使句/名词词组 + and/ or + 陈述句（and表顺承，or表转折意为“否则”），例如：‎ Hurry up, and you will catch up with them.快点，你会追上他们的。‎ One more chance, and I will do it better.再给一次机会，我会把它做得更好。‎ Try hard, or you will lose sooner or later.努力，否则你迟早会失败。‎ ‎35.—Thanks for picking me up, Cindy.‎ ‎—________.‎ A. No problem B. All right C. With pleasure D. That’s right ‎【答案】A - 38 -‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查情景交际用语。句意：——Cindy谢谢你来接我。——没事儿。A. No problem没事儿； B. All right行，可以；C. With pleasure乐于效劳；D. That’s right那是对的。结合句意可知，选项中能回答感谢的是“没事儿”，故选A项。‎ 第二节 完形填空 (共 20 小题；每小题 1 分, 满分 20 分)‎ 请认真阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ An expert suggested that certain criminals should be sent to prison in their own home. When the scheme was first put forward publicly, many people____36____to it or had serious ____37____about it. One very experienced social worker opposed the scheme in a television interview. When____38____ to explain the basis for his opposition, he thought for a moment and___39___confessed, ''Well, I guess, because it's novel. That's my___40___reason. ''‎ Advocates of the scheme pointed out that courts frequently sentenced first offenders to community service of some kind _____41_____send them to prison. The shame of having a criminal_____42_____was an adequate deterrent(威慑), and nothing___43___was achieved by sending some types of condemned people to prison.‎ Some critics rushed to take extreme cases. ''___44___a murderer is allowed free in the community like this, what is to prevent him from_____45_____somebody else? ''This argument_____46_____the fact that nobody proposed to allow condemned murderers to use the bracelet(手镯)system. One criticism put forward was that an offender could ____47____his bracelet and leave it at home or give it to a friend to_____48_____while he himself went off to commit another crime. The____49____to this was that the bracelet would be made____50____the computer could immediately detect any attempts to take it off or tamper with (胡乱摆弄) it.‎ A most serious objection to the scheme was that the____51____life of prison was intended to be part of the deterrent to crime. A prisoner who was allowed to live at home would suffer no particular______52______and thus not be deterred from repeating his crime.‎ No immediate____53____was taken on the proposal. It was____54____too ‎ - 38 -‎ revolutionary and needed to be examined very carefully. However, the idea was not rejected. Several governments ____55____experts to investigate the scheme and make recommendations for or against it.‎ ‎36. A. disapproved B. objected C. disagreed D. opposed ‎37. A. reservations B. thoughts C. wonders D. suggestions ‎38. A. asked B. forced C. allowed D. encouraged ‎39. A. immediately B. deliberately C. bravely D. finally ‎40. A. first B. only C. special D. personal ‎41. A. other than B. more than C. better than D. rather than ‎42. A. record B. punishment C. sentence D. service ‎43. A. creative B. negative C. positive D. impressive ‎44. A. If B. When C. Though D. As ‎45. A. robbing B. stealing C. killing D. cheating ‎46. A. denied B. ignored C. questioned D. objected ‎47. A. put on B. set aside C. give away D. take off ‎48. A. wear B. hide C. play D. use ‎49. A. reaction B. reply C. approach D. agreement ‎50. A. in case B. even if C. so that D. or else ‎51. A. easy B. disgusting C. harsh D. desperate ‎52. A. injury B. discomfort C. illnesses D. tests ‎53. A. determination B. decision C. reaction D. action ‎54. A. more B. far C. enough D. even ‎55. A. regulate B. undertook C. appointed D. submitted - 38 -‎ ‎【答案】36. B 37. A 38. A 39. D 40. B 41. D 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. C 51. C 52. B 53. D 54. B 55. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们对专家提出的新的罪犯收押方法的不同意见。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这个思想第一次公开提出时，很多人反对它，或对它有严重的保留意见。A. disapproved不赞成；B. objected反对；D. disagreed不同意；D. opposed反对。根据句意可知，此处考查短语object to“反对”，故选B项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. reservations保留意见；B. thoughts想法；C. wonders奇观；D. suggestions建议。根据下文的One very experienced social worker opposed the scheme in a television interview可知，此处用“有严重的保留意见”符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被要求解释他反对的原因时，他想了一会儿，最终坦白：“嗯，我猜是因为它很新颖。这是我唯一的原因。” A. asked要求；B. forced强迫；C. allowed允许；D. encouraged鼓励。根据下文的he thought for a moment and___4___ confessed,可推测有人要求他回答问题，故选A项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. immediately立即；B. deliberately故意地；C. bravely勇敢地；D. finally最终。结合句意可知，此处用“最终”符合语境，故选D项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. first首先的；B. only唯一的；C. special特殊的；D. personal个人的。根据上文的because it’s novel.可知此处用“唯一的原因”符合语境，故选B项。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：拥护这个思想的人指出，法庭通常会判第一次犯罪的人进行一些社区服务而非把他们送进监狱。A. other than除了；B. more than多于；C. better than比……好；D. rather than而非。结合句意可知，此处是指第一次犯罪的人会判处进行一些社区服务而不是把他们送进监狱，故选D项。‎ - 38 -‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有犯罪记录的耻辱是一个足够的威慑，把某些受到谴责的人送进监狱没有什么积极之处。A. record记录；B. punishment惩罚；C. sentence判刑；D. service服务。结合句意可知，此处是指只要有犯罪记录就是足够羞耻的事情，故选A项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. creative创造性的；B. negative消极的；C. positive积极的；D. impressive令人印象深刻的。结合句意可知，此处是指把罪犯送到监狱没有积极的效果，故选C项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果让一个杀人犯这样自由地在小区里，还有什么能阻止他杀其他人呢？A. If 如果；B. When当；C. Though尽管；D. As因为，当，尽管。结合句意可知，此处是一种假设的情况，故选A项。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. robbing抢；B. stealing偷；C. killing 杀；D. cheating欺骗。根据上文的murderer可知此处用“杀人”符合语境，故选C项。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种观点忽略了一个事实，那就是没有人提议允许死刑犯使用手镯系统。A. denied否认；B. ignored忽略；C. questioned询问；D. objected反对。结合句意可知，此处用“忽略事实”符合语境，故选B项。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有人提出的批评是，罪犯可以脱下手镯，把它留在家里，或者把它拿给一个朋友戴着，而自己去干另一件犯罪的事情。A. put on穿上；B. set aside放到一边；C. give away赠送；D. take off脱下。根据下文的leave it at home可知此处用“脱下”符合语境，且下文的take it off or tamper with it.也有暗示，take off是原词复现，故选D项。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. wear穿，戴；B. hide隐藏；C. play玩；D. use使用。结合句意可知，此处是指罪犯把手镯拿给一个朋友带着，而自己出去犯罪，故选A项。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ - 38 -‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对此的回答是，制造这种手镯是为了让电脑能立刻检测到任何试图取下它或篡改它的行为。A. reaction反应；B. reply回答；C. approach方法，途径；D. agreement协议。结合上下文可知，此处是指对上文提到的“手镯会被取下或者让别人带上这种情况”的回答，故选B项。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查连词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. in case以防万一；B. even if即使；C. so that为了；D. or else否则。结合句意可知，此处是指制作手镯的目的，故选C项。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对该思想最严重的反对意见是，严酷的终身监禁是为了威慑犯罪。A. easy容易的；B. disgusting恶心的；C. harsh严酷的；D. desperate绝望的。根据life of prison可知此处用“严酷的”符合语境，故选C项。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：被允许在家的囚犯不会感到特别不适，因此他不会重复犯罪。A. injury伤；B. discomfort不适；C. illnesses病；D. tests测试。结合句意可知，此处是指在家执行惩罚的罪犯因为在自己家里，所以不会感到不适，故选B项。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对此项提议没有立刻采取行动。A. determination决心；B. decision决定；C. reaction创造；D. action行动。根据下文的It was ___19___ too revolutionary and needed to be examined very carefully.可推测，还没有对该建议采取行动，故选D项。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：它极具革命性，需要仔细斟酌。A. more更；B. far太；C. enough足够；D. even甚至。结合句意可知，此处考查固定表达far too“过于，极为”，故选B项。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些政府指派了专家对该计划进行调查，让后提出同意或反对它的建议。A. regulate调节；B. undertook承担，从事；C. appointed指派；D. submitted提交。结合句意可知，此处指政府指派专家进行调查，故选C项。‎ 第三部分 阅读理解 (共 15 小题; 每小题 2 分, 满分 30 分)‎ 请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ - 38 -‎ A ‎3D TV, Without the Glasses If you’re thinking about buying a 3D TV, you might want to wait a while. Researchers have developed new 3D technology that doesn’t need any special glasses to work its magic. The new technology could advance the development of 3D on mobile devices, too.‎ Bioethics Panel Gives Yellow Light to Anthrax Vaccine Trial in Children A U.S. bioethics committee has said that the country may consider testing the anthrax vaccine in children. The panel advises that the vaccine be tested in progressively younger age groups and includes the caveat(警告) that testing should only take place if risks are “minimal.”‎ Evolution via Roadkill We usually think of evolution happening over thousands or millions of years, but it can be surprisingly speedy-literally. In just 3 decades, highway-dwelling swallows(燕子)have evolved shorter wingspans(翼展) to better dodge oncoming cars.‎ Patients Should Get DNA Information, Report Recommends Would you want to know if you were at risk for cancer? What about a fatal heart condition? A group of genetics experts, along with the influential American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, have recommended that anyone whose genome is sequenced for any medical reason must be told about their genetic susceptibility to serious health problems, regardless of whether they want to know.‎ Congress Completes Work on 2013 Spending Bill This week, the U.S. Congress passed a bill to fund the government until the end of the fiscal(财政的) year, and research agencies now know how much to spend in 2013. The so-called continuing resolution retains the sequester and its $85 billion cut in discretionary spending. The bill throws NASA’s planetary programs a lifeline and gives the National Science Foundation a bit of a boost, but the National Institutes of Health’s funding stays flat at 2012 levels-bad news for biomedical research.‎ Making Moonshine Safe to Drink Home-brew drinkers in developing countries often risk blindness or even death - 38 -‎ ‎ from methanol poisoning when they drink. Now, scientists have made a reusable wireless chip that can analyze a drink’s methanol content and warn users of any danger. In 2 years, they hope to develop a product that can send results directly to a cell phone.‎ ‎56. If you are concerned about your future health, you will probably be interested in .‎ A. 3D TV, Without the Glasses B. Patients Should Get DNA Information, Report Recommends C. Congress Completes Work on 2013 Spending Bill D. Making Moonshine Safe to Drink ‎57. Which of the following can replace the underlined word dodge?‎ A. Fly. B. Avoid. C. Move. D. Leave.‎ ‎58. Most probably, you will read the above information in .‎ A. a product introduction B. a tour guide C. a web page D. a newspaper ‎【答案】56. B 57. B 58. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了5条不同主题的消息，并对每条消息的大概内容进行了说明。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章Patients Should Get DNA Information, Report Recommends部分下的Would you want to know if you were at risk for cancer? What about a fatal heart condition?(你想知道你是否有患癌症的危险吗？那致命的心脏病呢？)可知，如果你关心自己未来的健康问题，你应该对Patients Should Get DNA Information, Report Recommends感兴趣。故选B项。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段的We usually think of evolution happening over thousands or millions of years, but it can be surprisingly speedy-literally. In just 3 decades, highway-dwelling swallows have evolved shorter wingspans to better dodge oncoming - 38 -‎ ‎ cars.可知，我们通常认为进化发生在上千年或上百万年，但从字面上看，进化速度惊人。在短短30年内，居住在高速公路上的燕子进化出了较短的翼展，以更好地dodge迎面而来的汽车。结合句意，可知划线单词意为“躲避”。B. Avoid.(躲避)符合以上说法，故选B项。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据每条消息的小标题3D TV, Without the Glasses(不带眼镜的3D电视)，Bioethics Panel Gives Yellow Light to Anthrax Vaccine Trial in Children(生命伦理小组对儿童炭疽疫苗发出警告)，Evolution via Roadkill(通过路杀进化)，Patients Should Get DNA Information, Report Recommends(报告建议，患者应获取DNA)，Congress Completes Work on 2013 Spending Bill(国会完成2013年的开始预算)和Making Moonshine Safe to Drink(使私酒安全饮用)可推测，该类文章应出现在讲述各种奇闻趣事的网页上。C. a web page(一个网页上)符合以上说法，故选C项。‎ B Many electronic parts are made of hard materials that break easily. That makes them tough to use in products that need to bend. Now, Sam Yoon and his team have developed a thin mesh (网状物) that can both bend and conduct electricity.‎ His team started out with something called acrylonitrile, a clear liquid often used to make thin plastic fibers. Yoon and his team mixed this material with another liquid, which acted as a solvent. A solvent is something that can make other substances into liquids. Then, they squeezed the mix through a very tiny pipe: As the mixture was sprayed through the air, the solvent evaporated(挥发)and the acrylonitrile molecules linked up to make long chains, creating a type of plastic known as PAN. The researchers continually squeezed the mixture through the pipe. A single long PAN fiber was created. The scientists moved the pipe back and forth as the PAN was squeezed out. It ended up creating a layer that looked something like a spider’s web.‎ PAN, like most plastics, doesn’t conduct electricity. So the team’s next step would normally be to add a coating of metal so that electricity could flow through it. But it could be tough sticking such coatings on PAN. So the researchers added an extra step. They sprayed a thin coating of an inert metal onto the PAN. Inert metals, like gold, typically don’t react with other materials. The researchers then added another layer of PAN fiber at the top of the first, web-like layer. They provide temporary support, helping the metal-sprayed base resist sinking during the next step.‎ The researchers connected the fiber-covered frame to a negatively changed - 38 -‎ ‎ electrode. Then they dipped the fiber-covered frame into a solution that included the liquid copper. The team turned on the electric current for about one minute to make it run through the solution. The copper in the solution was attached to all of the fibers. But it stuck only to those that wore a metal jacket. Besides adding a thin layer of copper that conducts electricity, this process helped bond the PAN strands together at places, where they touched each other, Yoon notes.‎ The researchers then attached all of the fibers to a thin, clear layer of plastic, which had sticky backing, like a Band-Aid. Finally, the team dipped all of these into a liquid that made any of the PAN fibers that lacked a copper jacket into liquids. Only those that can be used to conduct electricity were left. Because the fibers were very thin and widely separated, light waves easily travel through the mesh. The copper coating acted just like a wire, permitting electricity to flow freely across it.‎ ‎59. The team used another liquid in the process to .‎ A. make acrylonitrile evaporate B. turn acrylonitrile into plastic fibers C. make acrylonitrile conduct electricity D. conduct electricity instead of acrylonitrile ‎60. What should the team do first when using PAN?‎ A. Make it easy to break. B. Make it react with other materials.‎ C. Make it conduct electricity. D. Find a way to make it into a liquid.‎ ‎61. What does the underlined word those in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A. The thin plastics. B. Just the copper coatings.‎ C. All the PAN fibers. D. All the copper-coated fibers.‎ ‎【答案】59. B 60. C 61. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种既可以弯曲又可以导电的PAN塑料纤维的制作过程。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段的Then, they squeezed the mix through a very tiny pipe: As the mixture was sprayed through the air, the solvent evaporated(挥发)and the - 38 -‎ ‎ acrylonitrile molecules linked up to make long chains, creating a type of plastic known as PAN. The researchers continually squeezed the mixture through the pipe. A single long PAN fiber was created. (然后，他们挤压混合物让他们通过一个小管，随着混合物在空中喷洒，溶剂挥发了，丙烯腈分子连接起来成为一条长链，创建成一种名为PAN的塑料。研究人员不断地挤压混合物通过小管，一个纯的PAN纤维就做好了)可知，Yoon他们把丙烯腈和另一种液体混合，是为了让丙烯腈成为塑料纤维。B. turn acrylonitrile into plastic fibers(把丙烯腈转化成塑料纤维)符合以上说法，故选B项。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段的PAN, like most plastics, doesn’t conduct electricity. So the team’s next step would normally be to add a coating of metal so that electricity could flow through it.(PAN，像大多数的塑料，是不能导电的。因此，团队的下一步通常是添加一层金属，这样电流就可以通过了)可知，要使用PAN的第一步是让它可以导电。C. Make it conduct electricity.(让它可以导电)符合以上说法，故选C项。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据最后一段的Finally, the team dipped all of these into a liquid that made any of the PAN fibers that lacked a copper jacket into liquids. Only those that can be used to conduct electricity were left.可知，最后，团队将所有这些浸入一种液体中，这种液体可以使任何缺少铜外壳的PAN纤维变成液体。只有那些可以导电的被剩下来了。结合上下文可知，those那些具有铜外套的PAN纤维。D. All the copper-coated fibers.(所有有铜外套的纤维)符合以上说法，故选D项。‎ C In the United States, experts are calling for major changes to the admission process in higher education.‎ The National Center for Educational Statistics (or NCES) reported that U.S colleges and universities received more than million applications between 2013 and 2014 and admitted more than 5 million students. But the problem is not in the number of students, a new report says. The report is called ''Turning the Tide-Making Caring Common. ''‎ The report argues that the process schools use to choose students causes major problems. David Hawkins is the Executive Director for Educational Content and Policy.‎ - 38 -‎ ‎ He says that most colleges and universities require many things from students when they apply.‎ Schools usually require an essay describing a student's interests or why they want to study at that school. The schools also ask for letters from teachers describing why a student is a good candidate. But, Hawkins says, schools are most concerned with a student's high school grades and standardized test results.‎ The Education Conservancy is an organization that fights to make higher education equal and available. Lloyd Thacker is the Executive Director of the Education Conservancy, saying that the college admission process has changed a lot.‎ ‎''Over the past 30 years, college admissions have become more complex. '' He says that ranking systems for colleges and universities are a big part of the problem.‎ U.S. News and World Report is a media company that creates a list of what it calls ''America's Best Colleges''. The company bases the list on information collected from colleges and universities across the country. This information includes results of standardized tests like the SAT from all of a school's students. Higher average test results help put schools higher on the list.‎ Thacker claims, ''Too many students are learning to do whatever it takes in order to get ahead, even if that means sacrificing their own individuality, their health, their happiness and behavior…''‎ ‎''The impact on students and on parents is that college is all about where you go. The rank has nothing to do with the quality of education that goes on at the college''.‎ The Harvard report states that the best way to change the admission process is by changing college applications.‎ ‎62. When choosing students, colleges and universities attach greatest importance to .‎ A. their teachers' opinion B. their personal interest C. their academic performance D. their reasons for application ‎63. The media company ranks the schools on the basis of .‎ A. peoples' attitude towards the schools - 38 -‎ B. employment rate of its graduates C. the schools' teaching quality D. information like test results ‎64. Which of the following does Lloyd Thacker probably agree with?‎ A. Colleges are supposed to admit more and more students.‎ B. It is necessary to apply for a proper university by referring to the rank.‎ C. There is little relationship between colleges rank and the quality of education.‎ D. The better the applicants grades are the more likely they will be admitted.‎ ‎65. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?‎ A. Higher Rankings Matter a Great Deal B. Colleges Look to Change Admission Process C. Colleges Admission Process Makes a Difference D. Testing Results Determine Students' Fate ‎【答案】62. C 63. D 64. C 65. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇夹叙夹议。文章主要讲述了美国各地的教育专家呼吁高等教育招生过程发生重大变化。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段的But, Hawkins says, schools are most concerned with a student's high school grades and standardized test results.(但是，Hawkins认为学校考虑最多的还是一个学生高中的成绩和标准化测试的结果)可知，大学或者学院更看重学生的学习表现。C. their academic performance(他们的学习表现)符合以上说法，故选C项。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段的The company bases the list on information collected from colleges and universities across the country. This information includes results of standardized tests like the SAT from all of a school’s students. Higher average test results help put schools higher on the - 38 -‎ ‎ list.(该公司根据从全国各地的学院和大学收集的信息编制了这份名单。这些信息包括标准化测试成绩的结果，例如所有学生SAT的测试结果。较高的平均考试成绩有助于使学校在名单上的排名靠前)可知，媒体公司给学校的排名是以测试成绩等信息为基础。D. information like test results(如测试成绩等信息)符合以上说法，故选D项。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的''The rank has nothing to do with the quality of education that goes on at the college''.可知，Thacker认为学校的排名和该学校的教学质量之间没有关系。C. There is little relationship between colleges rank and the quality of education.(学校排名和教学质量之间没有关系)符合以上说法，故选C项。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的In the United States, experts are calling for major changes to the admission process in higher education.(在美国，专家正在呼吁对高校的录取程序进行重大改革)和最后一段的The Harvard report states that the best way to change the admission process is by changing college applications.(哈佛大学的报告指出，改变录取程序的最好方法是改变大学申请)可知，本文主要讲述了针对美国现在高校录取存在的问题，教育工作者呼吁对此进行改变。B. Colleges Look to Change Admission Process(大学寻求改变录取程序)可以作为本文标题，故选B项。‎ D The age of adulthood is by definition arbitrary. If everyone matured at the same, fixed rate, it wouldn’t be a human process. Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so I’d say I was easily old enough to vote at 16, but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and I’ve got the county court judgment to prove it.‎ However, we broadly agree that there's a difference between a child and an adult, even if we might argue about the transition point. So the political theorist David Runciman's view that six-year-olds should be allowed to vote goes against any standard argument about the age of civic responsibility. Nobody would say that a six-year-old could be held criminally responsible, could be sent to war, could be capable of consent, could be given responsibility for anything. So allowing them the vote-along with, unavoidably, seven-year-olds who are even sillier, if anything-is quite an amusing proposal.‎ Runciman's argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life,‎ - 38 -‎ ‎ which is currently twisted in favor of the old, who don't (he added) ever need to demonstrate mental capacity, even long after they've lost it.‎ The first part of his case is self-evident: pensions are protected while children's centers are closed, concepts such as sovereignty(最高权威) are prioritized over the far more urgent business of the future: climate change. Nostalgia(怀念) for a past the young wouldn't even recognize plays a central role, which is completely unfair.‎ Most of the arguments against giving six-year-olds a vote are that children would end up voting for something damaging and chaotic, if someone made unrealistic promises to them, which could never be realized.‎ Well, it's not children's fault.‎ Having said that, children do tend towards the progressive, having a natural sense of justice (which kicks in at the age of six months, psychologists have shown, by creating scenes of great unfairness to babies, and making them cry) and an underdeveloped sense of self-interest. My kid, when he was six, made quite a forceful case against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a house, they shouldn't cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of pre-Marx communism, where you limit the coverage of the market to only those things that you wouldn't mind someone else not having.‎ On that particular day, when we were registered as voters, my kid was quite far to the left of me, but in the normal run of things, we're united, which brings us to the point of the problem: children obey you on almost nothing, but they do seem to believe in your politics until they're adolescent. So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes. And what can stop us having even more children, once there's so much enfranchisement(选举权) in it for us?‎ Now, if parents could be trusted to use their influence wisely, and hammer into children the politics it will take to assure a better future, then I wouldn't necessarily have a problem with that, apart from, obviously, that culture is already wildly twisted towards parents, and I can imagine a few non-parents boiling with fierce - 38 -‎ ‎ anger. But that's not worth talking about anyway, because parents can't be trusted, otherwise we'd all already vote Green(绿党).‎ In short: no, six-year-olds should not get the vote; but while we're here, if any votes come up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU migrants,16-year-olds certainly should be enfranchised.‎ ‎66. The author refers to his age of adulthood to prove that .‎ A. people mature at different rates in various aspects B. there's a common standard for the age of adulthood C. a credit card is more difficult to get than the vote D. certain rights are granted at different stages of life ‎67. People reject David Runciman's proposal because .‎ A. they don't think a child can grow into adulthood earlier B. they are uncertain whether children can assume responsibility C. they believe children are far from mature in many ways D. they know the age to get the vote is not to be questioned ‎68. The author talks about his kid to indicate that .‎ A. children are good-natured and like to help people in need B. children are simple-minded and can fall for an adult's trick C. children are innocent and don't want to be involved in politics D. children are in favor of a just society and tend to be idealistic ‎69. The author thinks allowing children the vote may lead to .‎ A. twisted culture B. misuse of rights C. parents' objections D. unusual maturation ‎70. What is the main point of the passage?‎ A. Allowing children the vote is not altogether absurd.‎ B. There is a difference between adults and children.‎ C. Parents should introduce politics to their children.‎ D. The definition of adulthood is quite controversial.‎ ‎【答案】66. A 67. C 68. D 69. B 70. A - 38 -‎ ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。主要讲了儿童成熟速度是不同的，所以作者认为允许儿童投票并不完全是荒谬的。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so I'd say I was easily old enough to vote at 16, but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and I've got the county court judgment to prove it.(事实上，在同一个人的不同方面，成熟的速度是不同的，所以我想说，我很容易就到了16岁投票的年龄，但在我32岁之前，没有人应该给我一张信用卡，我已经得到了县法院的判决来证明这一点)可知，作者以他的成年年龄来证明人们在各个方面成熟的速度不同。A. people mature at different rates in various aspects(人们在各个方面成熟的速度是不同的)符合以上说法，故选A项。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段Nobody would say that a six-year-old could be held criminally responsible, could be sent to war, could be capable of consent, could be given responsibility for anything.(没有人会说一个六岁的孩子会被追究刑事责任，会被送上战场，会有同意的能力，会被赋予任何责任)可推断，人们拒绝David Runciman的提议是因为他们认为孩子们在很多方面还远远不够成熟。C. they believe children are far from mature in many ways(他们认为孩子在很多方面都步成熟)符合以上推测，故选C项。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段的My kid, when he was six, made quite a forceful case against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a house, they shouldn’t cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. (我的孩子，在他六岁的时候，对私有财产提出了一个很有力的反对理由，因为每个人都需要房子，他们不应该花钱，因为没有人不希望别人有房子。此外，食物应该是免费的。)可推断，作者以他的孩子为例来说明，孩子们喜欢一个公正的社会，并且倾向于理想主义。D. children are in favor of a just society and tend to be idealistic(孩子们喜欢公正的社会并且倾向于理想主义)符合以上推测，故选B项。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving - 38 -‎ ‎ parents extra votes. (所以给孩子投票权其实只是给父母额外投票的一种方式)可推断，作者认为允许儿童投票可能会导致权利的滥用。B. misuse of rights(权利的滥用)符合以上推测，故选B项。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段In short: no, six-year-olds should not get the vote; but while we’re here, if any votes come up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU migrants,16-year-olds certainly should be enfranchised.(简而言之：不， 6岁的孩子不应该获得选举权：但是当我们在这里的时候，如果在不久的将来有任何投票产生，这将对英国未来50年的政治生活产生影响，连同欧盟移民，16岁的年轻人当然应该被赋予选举权)可推测，本文的主要观点是允许儿童投票并不完全是荒谬的。A. Allowing children the vote is not altogether absurd.(允许儿童投票并非完全荒谬)符合以上推测，故选A项。‎ 第二卷(非选择题 共 35 分)‎ 第四部分 任务型阅读 (共 10 小题；每小题 l 分, 满分 10 分)‎ 请认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。‎ 注意: 每个空格只填 1 个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。‎ There are times when you want to know how to make friends. Maybe you are just not confident because you're afraid that people may not react the way you want them to. But it is not very hard to make friends; it is just what you think it is that makes you not willing to do it. Continue reading to find out how!‎ Don’t be mean or rude; you do not want to lose any potential friends. Be nice and friendly. If you want to make friends, you first need to put yourself out there somehow in order to meet people. If you just sit alone, friends might come to you, but the odds are much smaller. If you're still in school, sit somewhere with other people. It doesn’t have to be the ''popular'' or ''cool'' table, or a crowded one, but one with at least two other people. Hang out with many others. The popular kids won’t matter when you’re older, but a true friend will be there for you forever.‎ There is no necessary need to have a lot of common interests with people in order to make friends with them. But if you like a specific topic, try searching for just an organization or a club where you can find people who are also interested in it - 38 -‎ ‎ and become a member of it. It's a great way to meet new local people.‎ Volunteering is also a great way for people of all ages to meet others. By working together you build bonds with people, and you might meet others who have a passion for changing things the way you do, that is, a common cause.‎ There are many ways to start a conversation-a comment about your immediate environment (The weather is a classic: ''At least it's not raining like last week! ''), a request for help (''Can you help me carry a few boxes, if you have a minute? '' or ''Can you help me decide which one of these is a better gift for my mum? '') or a compliment (''I love your shoes. ''). Follow up immediately with a related question: Do you like this warm weather? What kinds of gifts do you normally buy for your mums? Where did you get shoes like that? Also, make a small talk. Remember the 30% talking and 70% listening ratio during small talk.‎ You've probably heard of fair-weather friends. They're the ones who are happy to be around you when things are going well, but are nowhere to be found when you really need them. Part of being a friend is being prepared to make sacrifices of your time and energy in order to help your friends out. If a friend needs help with an unpleasant chore, or if he or she just needs a shoulder to cry on, be there. If your friend tells a joke, laugh with him or her. Never complain about a friend. If you and your friend agree to meet somewhere, don’t be late, and do not stand him or her up. If you're not going to make it on time or make it at all, call him or her as soon as you realize it. Apologize and ask to reschedule. Be someone who people know that they can count on.‎ In a word, when you get along with people around you, it's important for you to actively approach others, start a small conversation freely and then develop a close relationship with others.‎ Introduction Sometimes you want to find ways to make friends, but you___71___confidence.‎ Spend more time around If you don’t want to lose any potential friends, be nice and friendly to others.‎ - 38 -‎ ‎ people ‎___72___an organization or a club ‎▲You don't___73___need to have a lot of common interests with people.‎ ‎▲Some of the most rewarding friendships are between two people who don't have much in common at all.‎ Volunteer When volunteering with others, you can keep in___74___with people and might meet those who can change the way that you do.‎ Start a conversation ‎▲You can start a conversation by___75___on the environment or make a small talk.‎ ‎▲Keep the 30% talking and 70% listening ratio in___76___during small talks.‎ Be nice and loyal to a friend ‎▲Sometimes, you have to___77___your time and energy when your friends need help.‎ ‎▲If a friend needs help when he or she is in trouble, or if he or she wants to ___78___joy or sorrow with you, be there.‎ ‎▲Don't make___79___about your friends.‎ ‎▲Don't be late for your appointments.‎ ‎____80____‎ Only when you actively approach others can you make friends with others much better.‎ ‎【答案】71. lack ‎ ‎72. Join 73. necessarily ‎ ‎74. touch/contact ‎ ‎75. commenting ‎ ‎76. mind 77. sacrifice ‎ ‎78. share 79. complaints ‎ - 38 -‎ ‎80. Conclusion/Summary ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要告诉读者如何交到朋友的一些方法。‎ ‎【71题详解】‎ 考查动词。根据第一段的There are times when you want to know how to make friends. Maybe you are just not confident because you're afraid that people may not react the way you want them to.可知，有时候人们想知道如何交朋友。或许你缺乏自信，因为你担心他们反应的方式不是你所想的。故此处用“缺乏自信”符合文意，故填lack。‎ ‎【72题详解】‎ 考查动词。根据第三段的But if you like a specific topic, try searching for just an organization or a club where you can find people who are also interested in it and become a member of it.可知，如果你喜欢一个具体的话题，尽量找这样的一个组织或俱乐部，在这些地方你可以找到和你有同样兴趣的人，然后成为其中一员。故此处用“加入俱乐部或组织”符合文意，故填Join。‎ ‎【73题详解】‎ 考查副词。根据第三段的There is no necessary need to have a lot of common interests with people in order to make friends with them.可知，没有必要为了交朋友而和人们有很多共同的兴趣。故此处用“不一定”符合文意，故填necessarily。‎ ‎【74题详解】‎ 考查动词。根据第四段的Volunteering is also a great way for people of all ages to meet others. By working together you build bonds with people,可知，志愿者工作是一个让所有年龄的人都可以遇到其他人的好方法，通过一起工作，你可以与人之间建立纽带。故此处用“保持联系”符合文意，故填contact/touch。‎ ‎【75题详解】‎ 考查动名词。根据第五段的There are many ways to start a conversation-a comment about your immediate environment可知，有很多方式可以开始一次对话，例如评论你身边的环境。故此处用“评论环境”符合文意，故填commenting。‎ ‎【76题详解】‎ 考查名词。根据倒数第二段的Remember the 30% talking and 70% listening ratio during small talk.可知，要记得在闲聊时听占70%，说占30%。故此处用keep in - 38 -‎ ‎ mind“牢记”符合文意，故填mind。‎ ‎【77题详解】‎ 考查动词。根据倒数第二段的Part of being a friend is being prepared to make sacrifices of your time and energy in order to help your friends out.可知，作为朋友其中一部分是要时刻准备着牺牲你的时间和精力来帮助你的朋友。故此处用“牺牲”符合文意，故填sacrifice。‎ ‎【78题详解】‎ 考查动词。根据倒数第二段的If a friend needs help with an unpleasant chore, or if he or she just needs a shoulder to cry on, be there. If your friend tells a joke, laugh with him or her.可知，如果一个朋友需要处理一件不愉快的日常事务，或如果他/她只是需要一个肩膀靠着哭泣，去她/他身边。如果你的朋友讲笑话，陪着她/他一起笑。故此处用“分担快乐忧愁”符合文意，故填share。‎ ‎【79题详解】‎ 考查名词。根据倒数第二段的Never complain about a friend.可知，绝不要抱怨朋友。故此处用make complaints“抱怨”符合文意，故填complaints。‎ ‎【80题详解】‎ 考查名词。根据最后一段的In a word, when you get along with people around you, it's important for you to actively approach others, start a small conversation freely and then develop a close relationship with others.可知，总之，当和身边人相处时，积极地接近他人，自然而然地开始聊天，然后和他们发展亲密的关系对你来说是重要的。故此处用“总结”符合文意，故填Conclusion/Summary。‎ 第五部分 书面表达(满分 25 分)‎ ‎81.请认真阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。‎ Running individual official accounts on social-networking app WeChat has become a new channel for Chinese people to express themselves, according to a survey.‎ At present, many media organizations, companies and individuals in China have launched official accounts on WeChat, making efforts to attract more subscribers to expand their reach. Over 66 percent of 2,001 respondents said they were willing to set up individual official accounts while 27.2 percent said they had already started such accounts.‎ - 38 -‎ The survey, published by the China Youth Daily, also said expressing feelings and views, as well as gaining popularity, was the top reasons why people wanted individual official accounts. More than half of individual official accounts offered content concerning personal views and feelings, as well as entertainment and recreation information, the survey said.‎ Of more than 540 respondents that have individual official accounts on WeChat, 5 percent claimed that they had built popular ''self-media'' brands using the accounts, while 12.2 percent said they had made money from the accounts through advertising. Meanwhile, 42 percent said their accounts had limited influence with only a few subscribers.‎ ‎【写作内容】‎ ‎1. 用约 30 个词概括上文的主要内容；‎ ‎2. 用约 120 个词说明你对“创建个人公众号”此现象持支持或反对的态度，并给出 2 个理由。‎ ‎【写作要求】‎ ‎1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；‎ ‎2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎3. 不必写标题。‎ ‎【评分标准】‎ 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Possible version 1:‎ An increasing number of Chinese people are setting up individual official WeChat accounts with the aim of expressing themselves and gaining popularity. So far, only a minority of them have successfully built popular ''self-media'' brands.‎ From my perspective, I’m in strong favor of setting up an individual official account on WeChat. To begin with, as a way to sell ideas to others, there is no denying - 38 -‎ ‎ that it’s an excellent tool for self-promotion, by which we can increase our personal impact on social life. Additionally, such an account offers a good chance to make friends with many like-minded people, with whom we can share opinions and enjoy cooperation. Without effective cooperation, we could not achieve real success in current society.‎ To summarize, only when we take advantage of an individual official account appropriately can we make it a great helper in our social life.‎ Possible version 2:‎ An increasing number of Chinese people are setting up individual official WeChat accounts with the aim of expressing themselves and gaining popularity. So far, only a minority of them have successfully built popular ''self-media'' brands.‎ Evident as the advantages of setting up personal WeChat account are, I opt for an objection to such practice. First and foremost, WeChat account is designed as a platform for individuals to voice their personal opinions and express their emotions. However, with the intention of expanding their popularity and earning money, some people post remarks encouraging hatred and violence, depressing outlook and even vicious videos, which will tremendously exert negative impact on its subscribers and social stability. What's worse, in order to maintain his account's popularity, one must set aside much time and energy, thus inevitably affecting one's work and life.‎ In short, to limit the drawbacks of setting up WeChat account to a minimum, we should take cautious attitude.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇读写任务。文章主要描写了现在很多中国人在微信上创建个人公众号的现象，以及他们创建的目的。‎ ‎【详解】根据要求，首先要用一段约30个字的文章概括本文，然后再用一篇文章表达对这种现象的观点，并用两个理由陈述自己的观点。‎ 通读全文，我们可以这样对文章进行概括：越来越多的中国人创建了个人公众号，他们的主要目的是表达自己和让自己受到欢迎。迄今为止，其中有很少一部分人通过自媒体广告挣得利润。‎ - 38 -‎ 在完成第二部分时，要注意首先表明自己的观点（支持或者反对），再用两个理由解释自己的观点。例如，如果支持该观点，可以这样写：我支持在微信上创建个人公众号。原因1：个人公众号是营销自己观点的好方式，也可以提高自己的社会影响。原因2：个人公众号为志同道合的人提供了一个很好的交友空间。通过精诚的合作来实现在现代社会的成功。总结：只要我们充分利用个人公众号，它就可以成为我们社会生活的帮手。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句，例如：To summarize, only when we take advantage of an individual official account appropriately can we make it a great helper in our social life.中使用了部分倒装，when引导时间状语从句；Additionally, such an account offers a good chance to make friends with many like-minded people, with whom we can share opinions and enjoy cooperation.中whom引导非限制性定语从句；Evident as the advantages of setting up personal WeChat account are, I opt for an objection to such practice.中as引导让步状语从句。这些句型的使用让文章色彩纷呈，并且展示了作者的语言功底。‎ ‎ ‎ - 38 -‎ - 38 -‎