专题02冠词(专题)-2017年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破

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专题02冠词(专题)-2017年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破

专题02冠词(专题)‎ ‎2017年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破 ‎【2017年高考考纲解读】‎ 冠词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题,而且基本都设两空。一般情况下,试题的情景较为曲折,句式以复合句为主。另外,在短文改错和语法填空中也常常涉及冠词的考查。考查要点主要包括:‎ ‎1.考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。‎ ‎2.考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。‎ ‎3.考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。 ‎ ‎4.考查零冠词的运用。另外,还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。‎ 复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则: ‎ ‎(1)单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指; ‎ ‎(2)复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时,其前不加冠词; ‎ ‎(3)无论可数名词还是不可数名词,表示特指时,其前都要加定冠词the。 ‎ ‎2016年高考将继续把冠词的基本用法作为考查重点,而冠词的活用仍会成为2014年高考考查的难点。 ‎ ‎【重点、难点剖析】‎ 一、定冠词 ‎1.表示特指。‎ Pass me the magazine on the desk.‎ 请把桌上的杂志递给我。‎ 二、不定冠词 ‎1.泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。‎ A teacher shouldn't talk like that.‎ 教师不应当那样讲话。‎ ‎2.用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。用于形容词最高级前意为“很,非常”。‎ We'll have to do it a second time.‎ 我们得再做一次。‎ He is a most wise man.‎ 他是一个十分明智的人。‎ ‎3.用于具体化了的抽象名词前。‎ He was a success in business.‎ 他是事业成功人士。‎ ‎4.在专有名词前表示“某一个”“类似的一个”。‎ A Mr. Smith wants to see you.‎ 一位史密斯先生想见你。‎ ‎5.用于of短语中表示“同一”(=the same)。‎ Tom and Kate are of an age.‎ 汤姆与凯特同岁。‎ 三、零冠词 ‎1.用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。‎ Knowledge begins with practice.‎ 知识从实践开始。‎ Teachers should be respected.‎ 教师应该受到尊重。‎ ‎2.东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词,如:New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等;但中国的节日一般用定冠词,如:the Spring Festival, the MidAutumn Festival等。‎ ‎3.月份、日期前一般不用冠词,如:in October, on March 8等。‎ ‎4.三餐名词前不用冠词,如:have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。‎ 但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词,如:have a big breakfast,have a wonderful lunch等。‎ ‎5.表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词,如: play football/cards/chess等;但乐器名词前需加定冠词,如:play the violin/the piano等。‎ ‎6.用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。‎ John is captain of the team.‎ 约翰是这个队的队长。‎ They elected him president of the society.‎ 他们选他为协会会长。‎ ‎7.用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。‎ He was a teacher before he turned writer.‎ 他成为作家之前是教师。‎ ‎10.用于某些独立主格结构中。‎ The teacher came in, book in hand (=with a book in his hand).‎ 老师走了进来,手里拿着书。‎ 四、冠词在固定搭配中的用法 ‎1.用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等,但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词,之前不用冠词,如by weight, by height等。‎ ‎2.在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某部位”中的the不可用人称代词替代。‎ take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂 hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸 此外,在be red in the face (脸红), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)等结构中,名词前要用the。‎ ‎3.用于某些习惯用法,如have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry, at a loss (茫然,不知所措)等。‎ ‎4.有些习语中有无冠词意义完全不同。如:Z#X#X#K]‎ ‎【题型示例】               ‎ 题型一、 单句改错 ‎1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.‎ ‎【解析】the→a 句意:我叔叔说他从没梦想过在短时间内变得富有。in a short period of time“在短时间内”,为固定短语。‎ ‎2.(2016·新课标Ⅱ)But in that case,we will learn little about world.‎ ‎【解析】world前加the 句意:但是,在那种情况下,我们对世界的认识就会很少。world前通常加定冠词the,表示特指。‎ ‎3.(2016·新课标Ⅲ)At the first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by ‎ myself.‎ ‎【解析】去掉the 句意:起初,我认为我知道一切,并且能够独自做决定。at first“起初;一开始”,为固定短语。‎ ‎4.(2016·四川)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.‎ ‎【解析】kitchen前加the 句意:我告诉妈妈待在客厅,我在厨房里做饭。此处表示特指“我”家的厨房,故应用定冠词the。‎ ‎5.(2015·新课标Ⅱ)Tony saw a toy in a shop window...A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.‎ ‎6.(2015·陕西)I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement party...At a party,my coach,with a biscuit in his mouth,asked surprisingly who made them and joked,“I might have to retire again next year just to get some more of these biscuits.”‎ ‎【解析】第一个a→the 句意:……在那次聚会上,我的教练口含饼干惊奇地问道是谁做的,并且开玩笑说:“为了多吃一些这样的饼干我明年可能会再退休一次。”根据上文“I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement party.”可知,此处指前面所提到的那次退休聚会。‎ ‎7.(2014·新课标Ⅰ)As result,the plants are growing everywhere.‎ ‎【解析】As后加a 句意:结果,圣女果长得到处都是。as a result为固定短语,意为“结果是”。‎ ‎8.(2014·浙江)A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket and became quite upset...The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.‎ ‎【解析】a→the 句意:……找到票的那个人为自己的成功露出了高兴的微笑。使用定冠词the特指上文提及的同一事物,本文中特指前面提及的那张票。‎ ‎9.(2014·辽宁)Besides,Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.‎ ‎【解析】第一个a→an 句意:此外,Cleo习惯于每天平均吠叫六个小时。名词average以元音音素开头,所以用an修饰,an average of...“……的平均数”。‎ ‎10.(2014·四川)Today,I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm goes off...Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.‎ ‎【解析】第二个a→the 句意:……很快,‎ 消防战士们就会过来将火扑灭。根据文章第一句a fire alarm可知,指大家都已经知道的那场火灾,用the表示特指。‎ 题型二 单句填空 ‎1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,70)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed,________ other is with mum—she never suspects.‎ ‎【解析】the 句意:护理团队每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹互换一下,这样当他们中的一个在被人工喂养的时候,另一个是和妈妈在一起的——她从不怀疑。one...the other...“一个……另一个……”。‎ ‎2.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.‎ ‎3.(2016·浙江,2)________prize for the winner of the competition is ________ twoweek holiday in Paris.‎ ‎【解析】The;a 句意:这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个为期两周的在巴黎度假的机会。第一空特指“获胜者的奖品”,用定冠词the;第二空泛指“一个为期两周的假期”,用不定冠词a。‎ ‎4. (2015·新课标Ⅱ,42)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.‎ ‎【解析】the 句意:由美国西南部的印第安村庄的印第安人建造的土坯房甚至被最现代的建筑师和工程师欣赏。根据后面的most modern可知应为“最现代化的”,最高级前要用定冠词the。‎ ‎5.(2015·四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven.‎ ‎【解析】a 句意:布莱恩在写音乐方面很有天赋;他很有可能会成为一个贝多芬。不定冠词加人名,意为“一个像某某那样的人”,因此填a。‎ ‎6.(2015·陕西,14)________ more learned a man is,________ more modest he usually becomes.‎ ‎【解析】The;the 句意:一个人越有学问,通常会越谦虚。“the+比较级+简单句,the+比较级+简单句”结构,表示“越……越……”。‎ ‎7.(2014·广东,23)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ‎ ________ top floor.‎ ‎【解析】the 句意:她因为错误向我们道歉,并额外给我们提供了顶层的VIP房间。此处top floor指说话双方都清楚的那家宾馆的顶楼房间,前面需要有定冠词,表特指。‎ ‎8.(2014·浙江,2)The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days ________ week,often long into ________ night.‎ ‎【解析】a;the 句意:下个月要上交论文,我整个星期都在写,经常写到夜里。seven days a week意为“整个星期,一周七天”,into the night意为“直到夜里”,是固定短语。‎ 题型三 语法填空 ‎1.(2015·重庆,3)I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.‎ ‎【解析】 the;a 句意:我刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个戴着面罩的枪手抢劫了。bank后面有定语从句,说明是特指,所以用定冠词the;第二空虽有定语修饰,但是指一个未知的人,表泛指,所以填不定冠词a。‎ ‎2.(2014·新课标Ⅰ,63)Now,years later,this river is one of ________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.‎
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