2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十七　自然生态（A）

2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十七　自然生态（A）

www.ks5u.com 话题十七　自然生态(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[2019·太原市高三年级模拟试题(二)] A day in the life of a sun bear is what you might expect from the name：sunny. In its natural habitat, the sun bear spends over 80 percent of its active waking time in daylight.‎ But when disturbed by human activity, that changes dramatically. In areas where people are pushing into the sun bear's habitat, the animals are spending 90 percent of their waking time after dark. Effectively, the threat of human presence is making the sun bear change into “the moon bear”．‎ Led by scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, the study found that human activity is driving scores of mammals to shift their activity from the daytime into the dark hours of the night. As many animals have already been forced out of their local habitats, others are attempting to avoid interaction with humans by separating themselves in time rather than in space.‎ For the work, the researchers examined the behaviors of 64 mammal species, including deer, tigers, boars, and, of course, sun bears. They observed increased nocturnal(夜间发生的) behavior in a large majority of them, with species that are naturally active during the day tending to shift their activity to after dark, and those that are naturally nocturnal (夜间的) becoming more so. The mammals affected ranged across body size, the habitat type, the region of the world, and diet.‎ Human activity of all sorts affect animals' lives, including activities like hunting, agriculture and land development, harvesting local natural resources, even hiking or walking through wild areas. Sport hunting in the Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe drove antelopes to spend more of their active waking hours at night, restricting their access to water. Similarly, hikers in the Santa Cruz Mountains in California made coyotes(郊狼) more nocturnal, forcing them to find new preys(猎物) among traditionally nocturnal animals.‎ The researchers warn that profound shifts in the natural behavior patterns of so many species disturb dynamics that have evolved over generations, leading to a series of unknown effects on the entire ecosystems.‎ ‎1．What did the study find?‎ A．More animals separate themselves in space.‎ B．Human activity changes animals' way of life.‎ C．Many animals were pushed out of their local habitats.‎ D．The sun bear spends over 80% waking time in daylight.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “that” refer to?‎ A．The sun bear. B．The waking time.‎ C．Human activity. D．The natural habitat.‎ ‎3．What can we infer from paragraph 5?‎ A．Antelopes have easier access to water.‎ B．Coyotes have to prey on new types for survival.‎ C．Human activity shortens animals' sleeping time.‎ D．Animals have managed to escape interaction with humans.‎ ‎4．What does the author want to tell us in the text?‎ A．Human threat makes the sun bear nocturnal.‎ B．Animals are badly hurt by human presence.‎ C．Animals become more adaptable thanks to humans.‎ D．Ecosystems may be reshaped due to human activity.‎ B ‎[2019·武汉四月调研] While elephants born without tusks(长牙) are not unheard of, they normally form just 2 to 6 percent of the population. However, that is not the case at Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park, where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the country's conflict ended in 1992 are tuskless. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, Joyce Poole，an elephant behavior expert, has another theory. The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivory.‎ ‎ Poole says before the country's 15yearlong conflict, the park was home to over 4,000 elephants. However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivory to get money. Of the less than 200 survivors, over 50 percent of adult females had no tusks. Therefore, it is not surprising that the park's tuskless elephant population has grown greatly.‎ ‎ This is not the first time researchers have observed a great change in the population of elephants. At Zambia's South Luangwa National Park and Lupande Game Management Area, areas which were heavily hunted in the 1970s and 1980s, 35% of elephants 25 years old or older and 13% of those younger than 25 are now without tusks. A 2008 study published in the African Journal of Ecology found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivory.‎ ‎ The recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should help get rid of, or at least reduce, elephant hunting. However, scientists are not ‎ sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females, to change the_trend.‎ ‎5．What is the probable cause of the phenomenon mentioned in Paragraph 1?‎ A．Illegal hunting. B．Constant farming.‎ C．A pure coincidence. D．Natural evolution.‎ ‎6．Why did people kill so many elephants during the conflict in Mozambique?‎ A．To get money by selling ivory.‎ B．To develop new decorations.‎ C．To provide food for local people.‎ D．To make ivory products.‎ ‎7．Which of the following had the earliest record on tuskless elephants?‎ A．Gorongosa National Park.‎ B．South Luangwa National Park.‎ C．Ruaha National Park.‎ D．Lupande Game Management Area.‎ ‎8．What does the underlined phrase “the trend” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A．Elephants facing greater danger.‎ B．Elephants growing more slowly.‎ C．Fewer female elephants staying alive.‎ D．More female elephants being tuskless.‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 Advances in farm animal protection are happening with scientists painting eyes on the butts (屁股) of cows. The experiment is based on the idea that farmers, who are protecting their animals from lions, __1__ shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their farm animals. __2__ this makes a lot of sense, it results in many lion deaths that otherwise would have been unnecessary. Researchers in Australia have been __3__ a trick to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cow butts.‎ As conservation areas become __4__， lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations, which are __5__ to the boundaries of these protected areas.‎ Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem __6__ at first, but they could make actual progress in the __7__ for conservation. “If the method __8__， it could provide farmers in Botswana with a lowcost, sustainable (可持续的) tool to protect their farm animals, and a way to keep lions safe from being __9__.”‎ Lions are primarily ambush (埋伏) hunters, so when they feel their target has __10__ them, they usually __11__ the hunt. Researchers are __12__ testing their idea on cattle. They have painted __13__ of the cows with eyes and left the other half as normal. With satellite __14__ both the cattle and the lions in the area, they will be able to __15__ if their psychological trick will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions.‎ ‎1．A.would B．might C．could D．should ‎2．A.While B．Since C．Until D．When ‎3．A.testing B．designing C．approving D．recommending ‎4．A.bigger B．richer C．deeper D．smaller ‎5．A.facing B．decreasing C．forming D．expanding ‎6．A.puzzling B．scary C．crazy D．exciting ‎7．A.need B．fight C．call D．hope ‎8．A.fails B．ends C．starts D．works ‎9．A.caught B．watched C．driven D．killed ‎10．A.observed B．spotted C．deserted D．escaped ‎11．A.give up on B．make up for C．keep up with D．break away from ‎12．A.recently B．currently C．previously D．regularly ‎13．A.half B．all C．both D．none ‎14．A.tracking B．protecting C．launching D．investigating ‎15．A.debate B．explain C．determine D．distinguish 话题十七　自然生态(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：说明文　题材：人与动物　主题：人类活动和动物习性的关系 ‎【文章大意】　研究发现，人类活动正迫使许多哺乳动物将它们的活动时间从白天转移到黑夜，这样一来，将会影响到整个生态系统。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句中的“the study found that human activity is driving scores of mammals to shift their activity from the daytime into the dark hours of the night”可知，研究发现，人类活动正迫使许多哺乳动物将它们的活动时间从白天转移到黑夜。由此可知，人类活动改变了动物的生活方式。故选B项。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：B　考查代词指代。根据第一段最后一句“In its natural habitat, the sun bear spends over 80 percent of its active waking time in daylight”可知，在自然栖息地，太阳熊白天超过80%的时间度过它们的waking time，并结合画线词所在句可知，因受到人类活动的干扰，太阳熊的waking time极大地改变了。故画线词指代The walking time。故选B项。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据第五段第三句“Similarly, hikers in the Santa Cruz Mountains in California made coyotes(郊狼) more nocturnal, forcing them to find new preys(猎物) among traditionally nocturnal animals”可知，因为人类活动，郊狼为了生存不得不寻找新的猎物。故选B项。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：D　考查写作意图。根据最后一段“The researchers warn that profound shifts in the natural behavior patterns of so many species disturb dynamics that have evolved over generations, leading to a series of unknown effects on the entire ecosystems”‎ 并结合文章其他内容可知，作者想要告诉我们，由于人类活动，生态系统可能会被重塑。故选D项。‎ B 体裁：说明文　题材：人与自然　主题：没有长牙的大象 ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。在1992年，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园，有33%的雌象出生时就没有长牙，大象行为专家认为，这是人们为了获得珍贵的象牙，而对大象进行持续不断的猎杀而造成的非自然的进化。‎ ‎【难句分析】　However, that is not the case at Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park，where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the country's conflict ended in 1992 are tuskless.‎ ‎ 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the country's conflict ended in 1992 are tuskless”为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park”；其中“born after the country's conflict ended in 1992”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词“female elephants”。‎ ‎ 译文：然而，这在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园并非如此，在那里，令人惊讶的是，在1992年国家冲突结束后有33%的雌象出生时就没有长牙。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第一段尾句“The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivory”可知，这位研究人员认为，由于持续不断地猎杀大象以获取珍贵的象牙，我们可能正在目睹该物种的非自然进化。据此可知，第一段中提到的现象的可能原因是非法猎杀大象，故A项正确。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：A　考查推理判断。根据第二段第二句“However，by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivory to get money”可知，人们猎杀大象是为了通过销售象牙来获得钱，故A项正确。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句可知，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园，在1992年，有33%的雌象出生时无长牙；根据第三段尾句“A 2008 study published in the African Journal of Ecology found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivory”可知，Ruaha国家公园在1969年有10.5%的无长牙雌象，到1989年时，有大约40%的无长牙雌象；据此可知，Ruaha国家公园是最早记录无长牙雌象的地区，故C项正确。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：D　考查推理判断。根据尾段第一句“The recent ‎ ban on ivory in both the US and China should help get rid of, or at least reduce, elephant hunting”可知，最近美国和中国都颁布了象牙禁令，这应该有助于消除或至少减少对大象的猎杀；结合该段第二句“However，scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females，to change the trend”可知，科学家们并不确定对拥有较高比例无长牙雌象的大象们来说需要多长时间才能改变这种趋势。据此可推知，画线词指代“更多的雌象没有长牙”这一趋势，故D项正确。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 体裁：记叙文　题材：人与自然　主题：在牛屁股上画眼睛 ‎ 【文章大意】　科学家们正在尝试在牛屁股上画眼睛，一方面能够减少狮子对牛的攻击，另一方面也能够有效保护狮子种群。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：A　根据上下文可知，过去为保护牛免受狮子的猎捕，农民常常会射杀狮子，所以用would表示“过去常常”。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：A　根据上文可知，此处表示“虽然这在一定程度上是有道理的，但也导致很多狮子的不必要的死亡”，while表示“虽然”。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：A　根据下文的“testing their idea on cattle”和“if their psychological trick will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions”可知，研究人员已经开始测试这种“把戏”能否让狮子上当。test表示“测试，试验”。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：D　根据下文的“lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations”可知，动物保护区越来越小了，所以狮子才会更频繁地与人类接触，所以选smaller。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：D　根据语境可知，人类活动也扩展到了保护区的边缘。expand表示“拓展，扩展”。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：C　根据下文可知，刚开始，给牛屁股画眼睛的做法似乎会让人觉得疯狂。crazy表示“疯狂的，不理智的”。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：B　但是，这样做能够为动物保护斗争带来切实的进展。fight表示“努力，斗争”，符合语境。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：D　根据上文的“they could make actual progress”可知，此处表示如果这一方法有效。work表示“起作用，有用”。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：D　根据语境和第一段的“farmers... kill lions in an effort to protect their farm animals”可知，此处表示防止狮子被人类杀害，故填killed。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：B　根据上文可知，当发现猎物在看着它们的时候，狮子们通常就会放弃猎捕了，spot表示“看到，发现”，符合语境。‎ ‎11．答案与解析：A　参见上题解析。give up on表示“‎ 放弃……”；make up for表示“弥补……”；keep up with表示“继续做……”；break away from表示“脱离……”。‎ ‎12．答案与解析：B　根据语境可知，研究人员当前正在牛身上检验他们的想法，currently表示“当前地”，符合语境。‎ ‎13．答案与解析：A　根据下文的“the other half”可知，一半的牛被画上眼睛，故填half。‎ ‎14．答案与解析：A　根据上下文可知，现在还有卫星在跟踪牛和狮子的情况。track表示“追踪”。‎ ‎15．答案与解析：C　通过这种方式，研究人员就能够判断这种方法是否有效，此处determine表示“查明，断定”。‎