山东省青岛市2020届高三英语一模试题（解析版）

山东省青岛市2020届高三英语一模试题（解析版）

2020年高三年级统一质量检测 英语试题 (考试时间: 100分钟 试卷满分: 120分) 注意事项: 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写 在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分阅读(共两节，满分 50分) 第一节: (共 15小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Movie theaters around the world have closed during the coronations outbreak. Fortunately, there's never been a better time to catch up on classic old movies. Below, read our picks for best travel movies: ‘Thelma and Louise'(1991) “Thelma and Louise,” is a tale of female friendship, and the screen is dominated by the film's two lead females. The pals from small-town Arkansas hit the road on a weekend quest in search of fun and freedom from their jobs and their boredom. Filmed in California and Utah, with the best Grand Canyon scenes filmed south of Dead Horse Point State Park, “Thelma and Louise”is a good option if you have never been out West or if you have and eager to return. ‘Grand Budapest Hotel' (2014) It's one of the most satisfying films of director Wes Anderson all works. Set in a luxury ski resort in the fictional East European Republic of Zubrowka in the 1930s, the plot is supported by a murder investigation filled with stolen art, prison escapes and a secret concierge (看门人) society. Though the hotel doesn't actually exist, much of the film was shot in the beautiful German town of Goerlitz, famed for its medieval streets. ‘Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone'(200) When Harry Potter runs through a column at King's Cross railway station in London to get to Platform 9 3/4, we know it isn't real. And yet we want to visit. The movie's locations are inspired by real places, as graduates of English private schools will tell you: rushing down narrow old streets to visit tea houses and sandwich shops, discovering books that are hundreds of years old. ‘The Trip to Italy' (2014) In this film you're on an extraordinary road trip along with two old friends. The route is from Piedmont via Rome to Amalfi, back to Naples and finally the tony island of Capri. Retracing the footsteps of romantic poets Byron and Shelley, they drive a Mini Cooper through the breathtaking country and alongside stiff seaside cliffs. 1. If you are interested in the scenery of American west, which film can you choose to watch? A. Thelma and Louise. B. Grand Budapest Hotel. C. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. D. The Trip to Italy. 2. Which place mentioned in the films can't be found in real life? A. Goerlitz. B. Grand Budapest Hotel. C. Capri. D. Dead Horse Point State Park. 3. Why does the author write this passage? A. To introduce some places to travel. B. To introduce the newly released films. C. To recommend some travel movies to watch. D. To show the attractive scenery mentioned in the films. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 【解析】 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五部经典老电影。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Filmed in California and Utah, with the best Grand Canyon scenes filmed south of Dead Horse Point State Park, “Thelma and Louise”is a good option if you have never been out West or if you have and eager to return.”可知《末路狂花》这部电影在加利福尼亚 州和犹他州拍摄，在死马角州立公园以南拍摄了大峡谷的最佳场景。如果你从来没有去过西 部，或者你曾经去过，并且渴望再去一次，那么《末路狂花》是一个不错的选择。由此可知 如果你对美国西部风景感兴趣，可以选择《末路狂花》，故选 A 项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Though the hotel doesn't actually exist, much of the film was shot in the beautiful German town of Goerlitz, famed for its medieval streets.”可知尽管布达佩斯大饭 店实际上并不存在，但影片的大部分内容都是在以中世纪街道闻名的德国小镇戈利茨拍摄的。 故选 B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Movie theaters around the world have closed during the coronations outbreak. Fortunately, there's never been a better time to catch up on classic old movies. Below, read our picks for best travel movies:”可知作者在第一段写到：“在冠状病毒爆发期间，世界各地的 电影院都关闭了。幸运的是，现在是看经典老电影的最佳时机，以下是我们选出的最佳旅游 电影。”所以作者写这篇文章是为了给读者推荐一些旅游电影。选 C 项。 B In life，once on a path，we tend to follow it，for better or worse.What's sad is that even if it's the latter，we often accept it anyway because we are so used to the way things are that wed don't even recognize that they could be different This is a phenomenon psychologist call functional fixedness. This classic experiment will give you an idea of how it works and a sense of whether you may have fallen into the same trap: People are given a box of tacks (大头钉) and some matches and asked to find a way to attach a candle to a wall so that it burns properly. Typically, the subjects try tacking the candle to the wall or lighting it to fix it with melted wax. The psychologists had, of course, arranged it so that neither of these obvious approaches would work. The tacks are too short, and the paraffin (石蜡) doesn't stick to the wall. So how can you complete the task? The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle-holder. You empty it, tack it to the wall. and stand the candle inside it. To think of that, you have to look beyond the box's usual role as a receptacle just for tacks and re-imagine it serving an entirely new purpose. That is difficult because we all suffer to one degree or another from functional fixedness. The inability to think in new ways affects people in every corner of society. The political theorist Hannah Arendt coined the phrase“frozen thoughts”to describe deeply held ideas that we no longer question but should. In Arendt's eyes, the self- content reliance on such accepted “truths”also made people blind to ideas that didn't fit their worldview, even when there was plenty of evidence for them. Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence she said,“It can be found in highly intelligent people.” 4. What does the underlined word“it”in paragraph 2 refer to? A. The experiment. B. Functional fixedness. C. The path. D. The thinking. 5. Which way is hard to think of to complete the task? A. Tacking the candle to the wall. B Fixing the candle with melted wax. C. Using the tack box as a candle-holder. D. Lighting the candle to stand it. 6. Which of the following statements will Hannah Arendt agree with? A. People should question. B. We should be used to the way things are. C. People shouldn't accept the idea that doesn't fit their worldview. D. The smarter people are，the more open to the new things they are. 7. What's the passage mainly about? A. An interesting experiment B. A psychological phenomenon. C. A theory to be proved. D. The opinion of Hannah Arendt. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象的实验。 【4题详解】 代词指代题。根据前一句 This is a phenomenon psychologist call functional fixedness.可知这是一 种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象。根据划线词所在句子 This classic experiment will give you an idea of how it works and a sense of whether you may have fallen into the same trap:可知这个经 典的实验将让你了解它是如何起作用的，还会让你知道你是否会掉入同样的陷阱。结合上文 可知这里的 it 就是前文的“(functional fixedness)功能固着”，故选 B 项。 【5题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 三 段 中 的 The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle-holder. ..from functional fixedness.可知成功实现的方法就是把钉盒用作烛台。你需要把盒 子清空，把它钉在墙上，然后把蜡烛放在里面。要考虑到这一点，你必须超越盒子通常的作 用，不再把它看作是一个仅仅是为了图钉而设计的盒子，而是把它重新想象成一个有全新的 用途的工具。这是困难的，因为我们都或多或少地承受着功能固着的痛苦。也就是说把钉盒 用作烛台这个方法是很难想到的。故选 C项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The political theorist Hannah Arendt coined the phrase…also made people blind to ideas that didn't fit their worldview, even when there was plenty of evidence for them.”可知政治理论家汉娜·阿伦特创造了“冻结思维”一词，它用来描述我们不再质疑、 但应该质疑的根深蒂固的想法。阿伦特认为，自满的依赖这些公认的事实使人们对不符合他 们世界观的想法视而不见，即使有足够的证据支持这些想法。由此可以推断汉娜·阿伦特会 赞同“人们需要质疑”这个想法。故选 A 项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第一段提出存在着一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象。后几段介绍了一 个经典实验让读者了解功能固着这种心理现象是如何起作用的，最后介绍了汉娜·阿伦特创 造了“冻结思维”一词，用来描述我们不再质疑、但应该质疑的根深蒂固的想法。全文都围 绕着功能固着这一心理现象在描写。故选 B 项。 C Japan's biggest airline is betting that the future of travel isn't traveling at all. For the last month, a married couple has been interacting with a robot—called an Avatar—that's controlled by their daughter hundreds of miles away. Made by ANAHoldings Inc., it looks like a vacuum cleaner with an iPad attached. But the screen displays the daughter's face as they chat, and its wheels let her move about the house as though she's really there. “Virtual travel” is nothing new,of course.Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been stimulating the senses of armchair tourists for centuries. It's only in recent decades that frequent, safe travel has become available to the non- wealthy. Yet even as the world's middle classes climb out of the armchair and into economy-class seat, there are signs of a post-travel society emerging. Concerns about environmental sustainability cause loss to airlines which release much carbon. And the aging of abundant societies is both restricting physical travel and creating demand for alternative ways to experience the world. For the travel industry, virtual reality offers an attractive response to these trends. Of course, new technologies encourage far-out claims. ANA doesn't plan to start selling Avatars until next year. Profits, too, will probably be difficult to make: By one estimate, the global market for this kind of technology will be worth only about $300 million by 2023. By contrast, ANA's traditional travel business brought in more than $19 billion last year. But if the business value for virtual vacations is still weak, the market for technologies that bridge physical distances between families and coworkers seems likely to only expand. ANA's robots may not replace its airplanes any time soon, but they ll almost certainly be a part of travel's high-tech future. 8. Why does the author use the example of a couple interacting with a robot? A. To show the Japanese are crazy about travel. B. To indicate virtual travel begins to enter people's real life. C. To show the couple are very enthusiastic over robots. D. To express the close relationship between the couple and their daughter. 9. Which of the following is the possible reason for virtual travel's appearance? A. Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been using it for centuries. B. Frequent and safe travel has become available to the ordinary people. C. People are worried about the air pollution caused by airlines. D. More and more people lose interest in travel. 10. What can we learn about Avatars from the last two paragraphs? A. They will be put on the market soon. B. They will bring ANA a lot of money, C. They will replace ANA's airplanes soon. D. They are almost unavoidable in travel's future. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Your Next Travel May Be Virtual B. Easy Travel in the Future C. Virtual Travel Benefits D. Air Travel Disappearing 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。日本最大的航空公司创造了 Avatar机器人，可以帮助人们实现虚拟旅游， 但这家公司暂时不打算售卖这款机器人。虽然虚拟旅游还没有足够的商业价值，但未来其市 场需求只会有增无减，这家公司的机器人也一定会成为高科技旅行未来的一部分。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For the last month, a married couple has been interacting with a robot… displays the daughter's face as they chat, and its wheels let her move about the house as though she's really there.”可知一对夫妇一直在与一个被称为“Avatar”的机器人互动，这个机 器人由他们数百英里外的女儿控制。它由全日空公司生产，看起来像一个带有 iPad 的真空吸 尘器。但这对夫妻与女儿聊天时，屏幕上显示的是女儿的脸，她可以借助机器人的轮子来回 移动，就好像她真的在那里一样。Avatar 机器人帮助女儿实现了虚拟旅游，作者举这个例子 就是为了证明虚拟旅游已经开始进入现实生活。故选 B 项 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Concerns about environmental sustainability cause loss to airlines which release much carbon. ..demand for alternative ways to experience the world. For the travel industry, virtual reality offers an attractive response to these trends.”可知对环境可持续性的担忧 正在让排放量很高的航空公司遭受损失。富裕社会的老龄化不仅限制了人们的身体旅行，也 催生了用其他方式体验社会的需求。对于旅游业来说，虚拟现实为这些趋势提供了一个有人 的解决方案。由此推断人们担忧航空造成的空气污染可能是虚拟旅游出现的原因。故选 C 项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“ANA's robots may not replace its airplanes any time soon, but they ll almost certainly be a part of travel's high-tech future.”可知 ANA 公司的机器人可能不会很 快取代飞机，但它们几乎可以肯定地是，他们会成为高科技旅游业未来的一部分。也就是说 在未来的旅行中， Avatar机器人几乎是不可避免的。故选 D项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。本文第一段通过一对夫妻借助一家日本公司生产的 Avatar机器人成功实现虚拟 旅游的例子来表明虚拟旅游已经开始进入现实，接着探讨了虚拟旅游出现的可能原因，最后 指出虽然虚拟度假还没有足够的商业价值，但未来其市场需求只会有增无减。全文都是围绕 虚拟旅游来写的，所以 A项（你的下一次度假可能是虚拟的）最适合做本文的标题。故选 A 项。 D Rick Guidotti put aside his career as a fashioned Photographer to turn his lens (镜头) to people living with genetic, physical and behavioral differences. He says what changed his perception of beauty was a chance encounter with an albino (白化病) girl .“1 was just tired of people telling me who was beautiful. Every season that face would change but1 was always told who was beautiful. As an artist, I don't see beauty just on covers of magazines. I see it everywhere. So that kind of was my initial kind of - that opened my eyes a little wider in the wider.” Guidotti has created Positive Exposure, a not-for-profit organization that uses photography and video to transform public perceptions and promote a world where differences are celebrated. Guidotti and Positive Exposure are featured in a new documentary called On Beauty. One of the women featured in the film is Jayne Waithera.“I never thought I was beautiful because nobody said that to me, but my meeting was my profound moment. I remember that particular day. He took my picture and I felt so good like I felt there s somebody who, really like, loves me and sees me for who I am and who sees me more than my condition.” Rick is traveling from city to city to promote On Beauty. He says his tour is not about money, it's about the message:“As I travel from community to community, I'm taking photographs and I'm empowering individuals with a positive sense of who they are. They're seeing beauty in their reflection but I'm also empowering their families and they in turn are empowering their communities as well. All is based on the philosophy of change - how you see, see how you change.” 12. Why did Rick change his career? A. Because he couldn't earn enough money from his former career. B. Because the beauty on covers of magazines are not beautiful. C. Because he wanted to create his own company. D. Because his comprehension of beauty changed owing to an albino girl. 13. What can we know about Positive Exposure? A. It brings a lot of money for Rick. B. It makes the public more beautiful. C. It welcomes differences in the world. D. It makes photography more popular. 14. What does the author want to tell us by mentioning Jayne in paragraph 4? A. Jayne was beautiful indeed. B. Photographs gave Jayne a positive sense of who she was. C. It was unfair nobody discovered Jayne's beauty. D. Jayne's picture was more beautiful than herself. 15. What does the author mainly intend to tell us in the last paragraph? A. We should travel frequently. B. Community has a great influence on everyone. C. We should make contributions to our community. D. Your attitude to seeing the world decides your behavior. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。与一位白化病女孩的偶然相遇使里克·吉多蒂对美的看法发生了改变。 他放弃了时尚摄影师的职业生涯,将他的镜头转向那些在遗传、生理和行为方面有差异的人， 并拍摄了一部名为《何为美》的纪录片来努力推动一个赞美不同和差异的世界。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Rick Guidotti put aside his career as a fashioned Photographer to turn his lens (镜头) to people living with genetic, physical and behavioral differences.”和第二段中的 “He says what changed his perception of beauty was a chance encounter with an albino (白化病) girl .”可知里克·吉多蒂抛开他时尚摄影师的职业生涯,将他的镜头转向那些在遗传、生理和 行为方面有差异的人。他说，是一次与白化病女孩的偶然相遇改变了他对美的看法。也就是 与白化病女孩的偶然相遇改变了他对美的看法这件事使得他改变了自己的职业。故选 D项。 【13题详解】 细节 理解 题。根 据第三 段中 的“Guidotti has created Positive Exposure, a not-for-profit organization that uses photography and video to transform public perceptions and promote a world where differences are celebrated.”可知吉多蒂创办了一个非营利性组织，名为“正面曝光”。 他们用照片和影像来改变公众的看法，并努力推动一个赞美不同和差异的世界。由此可知 Positive Exposure（正面曝光）欢迎世界中的差异。故选 C项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段可知在看到照片后，Jayne说，“我从来没有想过我会是美丽的，因 为没有人这样对我说过，遇见吉多蒂的时刻令我印象深刻。我记得他给我拍照的那天，我感 觉非常开心，就好像有人是真的喜欢我，把我看成真正的我，不只是看到我身上的疾病。” 通过 Jayne 的用词可以推断照片让 Jyane 对自己有了正面的认识。故选 B 项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“All is based on the philosophy of change - how you see, see how you change.”可知吉多蒂认为这些都是基于改变的哲学，就是说，你怎么看一件事，你就会怎 么做出改变。作者通过这一段告诉读者你看待世界的态度决定了你的行为。故选 D 项。 第二节(共 5小题:每小题 2.5分，满分 12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选 项。 Laboratory studies have shown that prolonged exposure to high intensity blue light damages retinal (视网膜的) cells in mice.___16___So, why is there the disconnect between blue light's effects on rodent(啮齿类动物) eyes and human eyes? ___17___We have protective elements, such as macular pigments (黄斑色素) and the natural blue-blocking ability of the crystalline lens (晶状体). These structures absorb blue light before it reaches the delicate retina. Just because blue light isn't harming your retina, it doesn't mean your electronic devices are harmless.___18___Mounting evidence suggests that screen time before bed increases the time it takes to fall sleep. It also robs you of restorative rapid-eye movement seep, dulls focus, and reduces brain activity the next day. ___19___ First, turn off your electronic devices before bed. Outside of the bedroom, when you do look at your screens, lower the brightness. Second, follow the“20-20-20”rule The American Optometric Association(美国验光学会) defines this rule as taking a 20-second break every 20 minutes to look at something 20 feet in the distance. ___20___ Third, use lubricating eye drops before extended computer use. This method will build up the body's natural tears and keep the eye's surface water-bearing. A This will allow your eyes to relax. B. Human eyes are different from rodent eyes. C. That's why it's so important to have your eyes tested regularly. D. Because of is wavelength, blue light dos disrupt healthy sleep physiology (生理机能). E. But epidemiological (流行病学的) studies on real people tell a different story. F. Consumers often don't think about the impact digital devices might have on their vision. G. There are ways to make your screen viewing more comfortable and more helpful to seep. 【答案】16. E 17. B 18. D 19. G 20. A 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。作者给了几个关于如何防止屏幕损害视力的建议。 【16题详解】 根据前文 “Laboratory studies have shown that prolonged exposure to high intensity blue light damages retinal (视网膜的) cells in mice.”可知实验室研究表明，长期暴露在高强度蓝光下会损 害小鼠的视网膜细胞。后文“why is there the disconnect between blue light's effects on rodent eyes and human eyes?”可知蓝光对啮齿类动物眼睛的影响和对人类的眼睛影响不一样。前后内容上 形成了对比，连接上下文，E项（但针对普通人的流行病学研究却讲述了一个不同的故事。） 切题。故选 E项。 【17题详解】 根据后文“We have protective elements, such as macular pigments (黄斑色素 ) and the natural blue-blocking ability of the crystalline lens (晶状体).”可知我们的眼睛有保护性成分，例如黄斑 色素和晶状体的天然蓝光阻挡能力。也就是说本段在讲我们的眼睛与啮齿类动物眼睛的不同 之处。空格处在段首，要总结全段，B项（人眼和啮齿动物的眼睛不同。）切题。故选 B项。 【18题详解】 根据前文“Just because blue light isn't harming your retina, it doesn't mean your electronic devices are harmless.”可知仅仅因为蓝光不会伤害你的视网膜，并不意味着你的电子设备就没有害处。 根据后文“Mounting evidence suggests that screen time before bed increases the time it takes to fall sleep. It also robs you of restorative rapid-eye movement seep, dulls focus, and reduces brain activity the next day.”可知越来越多的证据表明，睡觉前使用屏幕会增加入睡时间。它还会让你无法完 成恢复精力的快速动眼睡眠，让你在第二天无法集中注意力，大脑活跃度下降。通过前后文 可知这一段是关于蓝光对眼睛的影响的，连接上下文，D项（蓝光的波长导致它确实会扰乱健 康睡眠的生理规律。）切题。故选 D项。 【19题详解】 根据下文“First, turn off your electronic devices before bed. Outside of the bedroom, when you do look at your screens, lower the brightness.”可知作者建议读者首先睡觉前关掉你的电子设备。在 其他场合看屏幕时，要调低亮度。最后两段也都是作者给出的建议。根据位置和文章内容判 断，这里的空格处要总结后面几段，G项（这里有一些方法能让你看屏幕更舒服，并降低其对 睡眠的影响。）切题。故选 G项。 【20题详解】 根据前文“Second, follow the“20-20-20”rule The American Optometric Association(美国验光学 会) defines this rule as taking a 20-second break every 20 minutes to look at something 20 feet in the distance.”可知第二个建议是遵循“三个 20”原则。美国验光协会将其定义为：每隔 20 分 钟休息 20 秒，并注视 20 英尺外的物体。根据前后两段可以观察出这几段的格式都是先给 一个建议，然后解释这个建议有什么好处。所以这里要选一个选项解释“三个 20”原则的好 处。A项（这会让眼睛有眨眼和放松的机会。）切题。故选 A项。 【点睛】当文中出现明显的结构词、词组，或空格句在一些特殊位置，如段首、段尾等，要 考虑文章、段落的行文结构，根据空格句在文中所起的作用，来考虑作答。 空格句在段首，可能有以下两种情况。 ①段落主题句：阅读后文的内容，推断出段落主题，选出正确选项。 ②过渡句：在后文找不到解题线索时，就要想到空格句子可能起到承上启下的作用，试着从 上一段的结尾处寻找线索。正确选项通常与上一段结尾能够自然地衔接起来。 比如第 2小题，空格句在段首。根据后文可知这段在讲人类眼睛的特别之处，B项（人眼和啮 齿动物的眼睛不同。）正好能够总结这一段的内容。答案选 B项。 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30分) 第一节(共 15小题;每小题 1分，满分 15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出可以填入 空白处的最佳选项。 Noah had never once been on his family's back porch(门廊)。Because of his___21___condition, he has very limited mobility- ___22___ the backyard wasn't possible., For Noah, having a door from his bedroom to the back porch meant he could finally see the trains he ___23___ from his room and watch his mom toss the ball with their dogs. For Noah, it meant___24___. Abe, one of his neighbors, decided to do something___25___Without hesitation, he gathered the owner of the construction company, friends and neighbors-even drove several hours to Nebraska to___26___ his mother, a fellow carpenter (木匠), for support. Noah's___27___ would finally become a reality, thanks to Abe's great idea and the generosity of neighbors. In one week, the community came together to___28___it. What once was a blank wall was transformed into two beautiful French doors___29___out to a wheelchair accessible ramp (斜坡) and an updated porch. Abe and his mother even___30___redecorated Noah's room with all his favorite characters, and neighbors___31___their helping hands to yard work. The day finally came for Abe, his mother, all their friends, family and other volunteers to___32___Noah.When his mother___33___Noah out of the doors and down the ramp， Noah's smile was___34___.Sometimes， we can construct a small door that will lead to a big___35___for someone else. 21. A. emotional B. housing C. physical D. financial 22. A. accessing B. spotting C. building D. repairing 23. A. approached B. sensed C. heard D. imagined 24. A. company B. freedom C. love D. growth 25. A. costly B. challenging C. fun D. big 26. A. call B. pick up C. contact D. reply to 27. A. idea B. plan C. choice D. wish 28. A. take B. risk C. get D. make 29. A. leading B. making C. reaching D. stepping 30. A. personally B. originally C. occasionally D. directly 31. A. brought B. found C. lent D. arranged 32. A. treat B. invite C. thank D. surprise 33. A. led B. pushed C. supported D. pulled 34. A. amusing B. priceless C. thoughtful D. shocking 35. A. dream B. ability C. world D. chance 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。诺亚因为身体状况从没过去过自己家的后门廊，但他渴望拥有一扇从卧室 到后门廊的门，能够看到火车，还能看到妈妈和狗狗们玩球。亚伯召集了很多人将他的房间 改造，实现了诺亚的心愿。有时候，我们可以建造一扇小门，为别人打开一个广阔的世界。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为他的身体状况，他行动非常不便。A. emotional情感上的； B. housing 住房住宅；C. physical 身体的；D. financial 金融的。根据后文 he has very limited mobility可知诺亚移动的能力非常有限，也就是他行动非常不便，这说明他的身体状况不好， 故选 C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：去后院是不可能的。A. accessing 到达，进入；B. spotting发现；C. building建造；D. repairing修复。根据前文 he has very limited mobility可知诺亚行动非常不便， 所以对于他来说去后院这件事是不可能的。故选 A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于诺亚来说，拥有一扇从卧室到后门廊的门，意味着他总有一 天能够看到火车（他在房间听到了它的声音），还能看到妈妈和狗狗们玩球。A. approached接 近；B. sensed感觉到；C. heard听到；D. imagined想象。根据后面的定语 from his room可知 诺亚呆在房间里，在房间里不可能看到或者接近火车，但是可以听到火车的声音，故选 C项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。 句意：对诺亚来说，这意味着自由。A. company陪伴；B. freedom自由； C. love 爱；D. growth 成长。根据前文 Noah had never once been on his family's back porch 可知 诺亚从来没有去过后院，行动不便，所以能够看到火车并且还能看到妈妈和狗狗们玩球对于 诺亚来说意味着自由。故选 B项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的邻居亚伯决定做一件大事。A. costly昂贵的；B. challenging 具有挑战性的；C. fun有趣的；D. big重大的；（体积数量等）大的。根据下文 he gathered the owner of the construction company, friends and neighbors-even drove several hours to Nebraska to___6___ his mother可知亚伯召集了建筑公司的老板、朋友和邻居，甚至开了几个小时的车去接母亲过 来，召集这么多人说明他决定做一件大事，故选 D项。 【26题详解】 考查词组辨析。句意：他毫不犹豫地召集了建筑公司的老板、朋友和邻居，甚至开了几个小 时的车去内布拉斯加州接他的同为木匠的母亲来寻求援助。A. call打电话；B. pick up（开车） 接人；C. contact联系；D. reply to回答。根据 drove several hours to Nebraska to和 for support. 可知亚伯开了几个小时的车是为了接自己的母亲来寻求母亲的援助。故选 B项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了亚伯的好主意和邻居们的慷慨帮助，诺亚终于实现了他的 心愿。A. idea想法；B. plan计划；C. choice选项；D. wish心愿。根据前文 Noah had never once been on his family's back porch可知诺亚从未去过后门廊，所以能够去那儿对于诺亚来是一个心 愿。故选 D项。 【28题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：在一周内，社区的人们聚集在一起成功地实现了目标。根据后文What once was a blank wall was transformed into two beautiful French doors___9___out to a wheelchair accessible ramp (斜坡) and an updated porch.可知亚伯他们把一堵空白墙变成了两扇漂亮的法式 双开门，通往一个轮椅可通行的坡道和一个经过翻修的门廊。也就是他们成功地帮助诺亚实 现了愿望。make it为固定搭配，意味“成功”符合句意。故选 D项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：原来是空白的一堵墙，现在变成了两扇漂亮的法式双开门，通往 一个轮椅可通行的坡道和一个经过翻修的门廊。A. leading（路或门）通，至；B. making 做； 制作；C. reaching达到；延伸；D. stepping迈步。根据后文 to a wheelchair accessible ramp (斜 坡) and an updated porch 可以知道这两扇门通往一个轮椅可通行的坡道和一个经过翻修的门 廊。故选 A项。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：亚伯和他的母亲甚至亲自用诺亚最喜欢的角色们重新装饰了他的 房间，邻居们也帮忙整理院子。A. personally亲自；B. originally 原始；C. occasionally 偶尔地； D. directly 直接地。根据后文 neighbors___11___their helping hands to yard work.可知邻居帮忙 整理了院子，而重新装饰诺亚的房间这件事是亚伯和母亲两人亲自完成的。故选 A项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：亚伯和他的母亲甚至亲自用诺亚最喜欢的角色们重新装饰了他的 房间，邻居们也帮忙整理院子。A. brought带来；引起；B. found发现；C. lent借；提供帮助； D. arranged 安排。根据 their helping hands to yard work.可知邻居帮忙整理了院子。lend sb. a (helping) hand为固定搭配，意为“帮助；援助”符合语境。故选 C项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一天终于到来了，亚伯、他的母亲、他们所有的朋友、家人和 其他志愿者都来给诺亚一个惊喜。A. treat对待；B. invite 邀请；C. thank感谢；D. surprise 使 惊讶。根据后文 Noah's smile was___14___可知诺亚看到亚伯他们为他所做的一切是很开心的， 这对于他来说是一个惊喜。故选 D项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当诺亚的母亲把他推出门外，推下斜坡时，诺亚的微笑是无价的。 A. led带领；B. pushed推；C. supported支持；D. pulled托，拉。根据前文 to a wheelchair accessible ramp 可知亚伯他们为诺亚建了一个轮椅可通行的坡道，这说明诺亚是坐轮椅的。所以这里要 表达的是妈妈把坐着轮椅的诺亚推出来。故选 B项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当诺亚的母亲把他推出门外，推下斜坡时，诺亚的微笑是无价 的。A. amusing有趣的；好笑的；B. priceless无价的；C. thoughtful深思的；体贴；D. shocking 令人震惊的。根据前文 In one week, the community came together to___8___it.可知诺亚的邻居聚 在一起帮助他实现愿望，实现了愿望的诺亚的笑容对于他们来说是无价的，宝贵的。故选 B 项。 【35题详解】 考查名次词义辨析。句意：有时候，我们可以建造一扇小门，为别人打开一个广阔的世界。A. dream梦想；B. ability 能力；C. world世界；D. chance机会。此处的选项应该与前面的 a small door（一小扇门）呼应，亚伯他们为诺亚建了一小扇门，而门通往的后院对于诺亚来是自由， 是从未见过的世界。所以有时候，我们可以建造一扇小门，为别人打开一个广阔的世界。故 选 C项。 【点睛】完形填空需要联系上下文做题。比如第 13 小题，要通过前文 to a wheelchair accessible ramp 判断诺亚是坐在轮椅上的，所以这里诺亚的妈妈是把坐着轮椅的他推(pushed) 出来，选择 B 选项。 第二节(共 10小题;每小题 1.5分，满分 15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese museums may have been___36___(temporary) closed to battle the coronations outbreak,___37___many are still open to online visitors.A___38___(grow) number of Chinese museums are presenting their collection of artifacts (史前古器物) on the Internet. Since February, online platforms including Taobao and Douyin___39___(hold) live-streaming (直播) events from China’s museums. The programs,___40___have received more than 10 million ___41___(day) visits, have proved popular according to media reports. Some live-streaming hosts have become internet celebrities. Bai Xuesong, the host of Xi’an Beilin Museum’s live-streaming event on Sunday, received more than 1.75 million “likes.” Avoiding boring description while introducing exhibits, his humorous tone and funny stories won the ___42___(heart) of his audience. Instead of being laid aside and ___43___(ignore), cultural heritage should ___44___(rich) the public’s knowledge and expand their outlook. The live-streaming events during the coronations outbreak are ____45____step forward in achieving that goal. 【答案】36. temporarily 37. but 38. growing 39. have held/have been holding 40. which 41. daily 42. hearts 43. ignored 44. enrich 45. a 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇新闻报道。新冠爆发期间，中国的博物馆通过网上直播丰富公众的知识，扩展他们 的视野 【36题详解】 考查副词。句意：为了应对冠状病毒的爆发，中国的博物馆可能已经暂时关闭，但许多博物 馆仍在网上对游客开放。空格处修饰动词 close，应用所给词的副词形式。故填 temporarily。 【37题详解】 考查连词。句意：为了应对冠状病毒的爆发，中国的博物馆可能已经暂时关闭，但许多博物 馆仍在网上对游客开放。根据句意，前后为转折关系。故填 but。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：越来越多的中国博物馆在互联网上展示自己收藏的文物。空格处修饰名 词 number，应该用所给词的形容词形式。growing意为“增长的”符合句意。故填 growing。 【39题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：自今年 2 月以来，包括淘宝和抖音在内的在线平台已经举办了来自中 国博物馆的直播活动。根据时间状语 Since February可知，这里要用现在完成时态，如果想强 调从二月以来一直在举行这样的直播活动，可以用现在完成进行时。主语 online platforms 为 复数，与谓语动词 hold之间是主动关系。故填 have held/have been holding 。 【40题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：据媒体报道，这些节目每天的访问量超过 1000万次， 非常受欢迎。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 the programs，指 物，定语从句中缺少主语，因此要用关系代词 which。故填 which。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：据媒体报道，这些节目每天的访问量超过 1000万次，非常受欢迎。空格 处修饰名词 visit，应该用所给词的形容词形式。故填 daily。 【42题详解】 考查名词单复数。句意：在介绍展品时，他避免了枯燥的描述，用幽默的语调和有趣的故事 赢得了观众的心。根据定冠词 the可知，此处要用名词。heart的定语是 of his audience，网络 直播的观众肯定不止一个人，所以这里要用 heart的复数形式。故填 hearts。 【43题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：文化遗产不应该被搁置和忽视，应该用来丰富公众的知识和扩大他们 的视野。根据 being laid aside and ___8___(ignore)和句意，这里表达的是“被忽视”，要用被 动语态，已经有 be动词了，这里需要填所给动词的过去分词形式。故填 ignored。 【44题详解】 考查动词。句意：文化遗产不应该被搁置和忽视，应该用来丰富公众的知识和扩大他们的视 野。分析可知此处缺一个谓语动词。动词 enrich 意为“使丰富”符合句意。情态动词 should 后要填动词原形。故填 enrich。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意: 冠状病毒爆发期间的直播事件是是朝着实现这一目标迈出的一步。名词 step 为可数名词，此处为单数形式，所以要用冠词修饰。根据句意这里泛指“一步”，要用不定 冠词，step为辅音音素开头。故填 a。 【点睛】在确定定语从句的引导词时，其中一条依据就要是根据引导词在定语从句中的语法 功能进行选择。 比如 I will never forget the days when I stayed in Peking University.引导词 when在从句中作时间 状语。 在本文最后一句话中，分析可知__5___have received more than 10 million是非限定性定语从句。 先行词 the programs指物，在非限制性定语从句中做主语，所以用 which引导这个定语从句。 故填 which。 第三部分 写作(共两节，满分 40分) 第一节(满分 15分) 46.假定你是某校学生会主席李华，学校下个月 12号将举办运动会。请你给校国际部的留学生 拟一个参赛通知，内容包括： 1. 运动会比赛项目介绍； 2. 报名方式和截止时间； 3. 注意事项。 注意： 1. 词数 80词左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Notice Girls and boys, I’m very glad to inform you all that our school sports meeting is going to start soon on 12th of next month and I would like to invite you to join it. The event will include 20 different games like running, the high jump and the long jump and so on. You can choose them based on your interest. But remember that a participant can only participate in only 3 events. Besides, if you want to participate in it, you should give your name to your monitor before this Friday. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封参赛通知，通知国际部的留学生参加运动会。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 人称：第一、二人称； 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时； 要点： 1. 运动会比赛项目介绍； 2. 报名方式和截止时间； 3. 注意事项。 第二步：列提纲（重点词组） Inform; invite sb. to do; include; (be) based on; participant; participate in; monitor等。 第三步：连词成句 1. Girls and boys, I’m very glad to inform you all that our school sports meeting is going to start soon on 12th of next month and I would like to invite you to join it. 2. The event will include 20 different games like running, the high jump and the long jump and so on. 3. You can choose them based on your interest. 4 But remember that a participant can only participate in only 3 events. 5.Besides, if you want to participate in it, you should give your name to your monitor before this Friday. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second…And then, Finally, In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including, 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing, On the one hand…, On the other hand… Some…, while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言简练，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符 合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，比如 I’m very glad to inform you all that our school sports meeting is going to start soon on 12th of next month 这句话运用了 that引导的宾语 从句；此外 You can choose them based on your interest. 这句话使用了过去分词作状语。另外， 文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 第二节(满分 25分) 47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 续写 的词数应为 150左右。 David knew the waterfall was coming. It wasn't his first visit to the river in central California. He figured he would hop out of his raft into the sallow water, rappel down the rocks (沿岩壁下 降)on either side of the fall, and continue on his way, as he had on a previous trip. But this year was different. Heavy snow and spring rains had turned the usually manageable falls into something fierce. And this year, instead of his friends, David's companions were his girlfriend, Sara, and his l3-year-old son, Hunter. As the three of them approached the falls late in the afternoon of the third day of their camping trip, David could tell from the increasing roar of water in the narrowing valley that they were in serious trouble. There was no way they 'd be able to rappel down the rocks as planned. They could wade (蹚水) to the shore, but would anyone find them there? They had no phone service, and they hadn't seen a single person in the past three days. And David knew they'd be sharing the ground there with snakes and mountain lions. As he wondered what to do, David hit on a bit of luck he heard voices coming from the other side of the fall. He yelled, but the sound of the rushing water drowned him out. We had to do get these people a message, David thought. He caught a branch and pulled out his pocketknife to carve“Help" in it. Then he tied a rope to it so the people would know it wasn't just any branch. He tried flying it over the falls, but it floated away in the wrong direction. Then he spotted his green water bottle David grabbed it and carved “Help!” on it Sara also reminded him that he had a pen and paper, which she'd brought to play games with, in his backpack. David knew it was just an attempt. But he wrote down“6- 15-19 We are stuck here at the waterfall. Get help please”and pushed the note into the bottle. Paragraph l: This time, his throw over the waterfall was perfect. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: The next morning. they heard a helicopter hovering (盘旋) above them. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph1: “All right, that’s all we can do,” David told Sara. Then they went back to the beach where they’d had lunch. They made a fire and laid out a tarp. As the evening wore on, they placed a headlamp with a flashing light on a ledge. By about 10:30 p.m.，they decided they probably weren’t going to get rescued that night, so they pulled out their sleeping bags. Before sleeping， David added more wood to the fire to keep the mountain lions away. Then, just after midnight, David suddenly woke up because he dreamed that they heard a helicopter hovering above them and they heard the magic words: “This is Search and Rescue. You have been found. “Unfortunately, looking around, he could see nothing but endless darkness. He then fell into sleep again. Paragraph 2: David’s dream became true! The helicopter circled as the pilot looked for a good place to land. Finally the helicopter landed safely and it was a moment of pure happiness as the three chatted with the officers who had rescued them.When the officers dropped them back at the Finch Campground, the family learned more about the long shot events that had saved them: Some hikers had seen the water bottle in the water. When they picked it up, they noticed the writing on it — “Help!”. Then they realized there was a note inside. After they read it, they hightailed it to the campground, turned the bottle in. David is planning on having a big barbecue to meet the hikers — and thank them.“I imagine it’s going to be one of the greatest moments of my life.” he says. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇读后续写。 【详解】前文主要讲述了 David 一家去野营，大雪和春雨把通常可以控制的瀑布变成了水流 汹涌的瀑布，使得他们一家困在了山上，他们听到瀑布另一侧有人的声音，下决心要把信息 传递给这些人，最后他们在所携带的绿色水壶上刻下了“帮助”两个字，并用所带的纸笔写 下了“ 6- 15-19 我们被困在瀑布了。 请寻求帮助”，然后将纸条塞入瓶子。根据给的第一 段开头 This time, his throw over the waterfall was perfect.（这次，他完美地将水壶扔过了瀑布。）， 可知本段是续写水壶被扔过瀑布之后，David 他们等待救援的过程。第二段是以 The next morning. they heard a helicopter hovering (盘旋) above them.（第二天早上。 他们听到一架直升 机盘旋在他们上方。）开头，由此可知他们最后获救了，所以这段重点写他们是如何被救以及 被救之后的事情。 【点睛】续写范文语言地道，句型多变。比如 Then they go back to the beach where they’d had lunch.中使用了 where 引导的定语从句；he dreamed that they heard a helicopter hovering above them and they heard the magic words 使用了 that 引导的宾语从句；The helicopter circled as the pilot looked for a good place to land.使用了 as引导的状语从句。