专题08 定语从句（命题猜想）-2019年高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题 （解析版）

专题08 定语从句（命题猜想）-2019年高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题 （解析版）

‎【考向解读】 ‎ 定语从句是指在句中作定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。定语从句的考查历年都是高考的重点，关联词的选择是高考的主要考点，定语从句中对which的考查是重中之重。 ‎ ‎【命题热点突破一】 关系代词引导的定语从句 ‎ 例1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为study ，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which 。‎ ‎【答案】that/which ‎【变式探究】(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil－testing program________gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.‎ ‎【答案】that/which ‎【变式探究】(2018·浙江卷)Many westerners________come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是Many westerners，故填关系代词who/that。‎ ‎ 【答案】who/that ‎【变式探究】(2018·天津卷)Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意：凯特到澳大利亚去工作了，读大学的时候我和她的姐姐住一个寝室。从句子结构看，本空需要关系词引导定语从句，先行词为Kate，且关系代词在从句中作定语，因此用关系代词whose引导定语从句。‎ ‎【答案】whose ‎【变式探究】(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health.‎ ‎【解析】句意：“像其他任何事情一样，两者可能摄入过多，这一点对健康没有好处。”分析句子结构，由逗号以及句意可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且意为“这一点，这件事”，故应用关系代词which指代前面整个句子。‎ ‎【答案】which ‎【变式探究】(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.‎ ‎【答案】who ‎【变式探究】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. ____________‎ ‎【解析】分析句子结构可知，第二个逗号后面为一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子中的garden，定语从句中缺少主语，故用which。‎ ‎【答案】which ‎【变式探究】Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.‎ A. whom B. which C. what D. that ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。‎ ‎【变式探究】I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. ‎ ‎【答案】that/which　句意为：我曾与桂林擦身而过，那是游客尽览石灰岩群峰和漓江绿水的梦幻之境，是被中国艺术家在很多绘画作品中描绘的地方。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，且引导词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。‎ ‎【变式探究】 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends. ‎ A．it B．that ‎ C．whose D．which ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：有些专家认为，阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。在本题中介词upon被提到了定语从句的引导词之前，引导词作upon的宾语，因此用which。介词被提前后，定语从句的引导词一般只用which和whom，而whom指人。 买了一台iPad 6，它的价格非常合理。of表示所属关系，意为“……的”。of which the price＝the price of which＝whose price。 ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【高考真题解读】‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为study ，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which 。‎ ‎【答案】that/which ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil－testing program________gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，a soil－testing program是先行词，指物，且定语从句中缺主语，所以应填关系代词that或which。‎ ‎【答案】that/which ‎3．(2018·浙江卷)Many westerners________come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是Many westerners，故填关系代词who/that。‎ ‎【答案】who/that ‎4．(2018·天津卷)Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. ‎ ‎【答案】whose ‎5.(2018·北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit. ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意：她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。根据句子结构可知，此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的事。‎ ‎【答案】which ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health.‎ ‎【解析】句意：“像其他任何事情一样，两者可能摄入过多，这一点对健康没有好处。”分析句子结构，由逗号以及句意可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且意为“这一点，这件事”，故应用关系代词which指代前面整个句子。‎ ‎【答案】which ‎2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.‎ ‎【答案】who ‎3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. ____________‎ ‎【解析】分析句子结构可知，第二个逗号后面为一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子中的garden，定语从句中缺少主语，故用which。‎ ‎【答案】which ‎4．(2017·天津卷)He wrote about 200 novels，of that this is the most successful. ____________‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句，of为介词，先行词为novels，介词后的关系代词用which，不用that。‎ ‎【答案】that→which ‎5、(2017·北京卷)The time isn't far away ________you will have to take the College Entrance Examination.‎ ‎【解析】句意：参加大学入学考试的时间不远了。此句为分隔式定语从句，先行词为the time，从句中缺乏时间状语，要用关系副词when。‎ ‎【答案】when ‎1.【2016·北京】22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.‎ A. whose B. why C. where D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。‎ ‎2.【2016·江苏】23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase theirdreams.‎ A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom 指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。故C项正确。‎ ‎3.【2016·天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.‎ ‎ A. that B. where C. which D. when ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。 ‎ ‎4.【2016·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.‎ A. whom B. which C. what D. that ‎【答案】B ‎1.(2015·江苏，)The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.‎ ‎【解析】句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正如……，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。‎ ‎【答案】as ‎2.(2015·湖南)It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.‎ ‎【解析】句意：这真是一个令人开心的地方，它看起来和一百年前一模一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行词place，在定语从句中用作主语，引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。‎ ‎【答案】which ‎3.(2015·浙江)Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.‎ ‎【解析】句意：创造一种使员工感到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一大挑战。先行词为an atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，此处in which相当于where。作介词宾语不可用that。‎ ‎【答案】which ‎4.(2015·重庆)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.‎ ‎【解析】句意：他写了很多的儿童书，其中接近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books，作介词of的宾语。‎ ‎【答案】which ‎5.(2015·四川)The books on the desk， covers are shiny，are prizes for us.‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为the books，和covers之间是所有关系，故用whose。‎ ‎【答案】whose ‎6.(2015·安徽，28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.‎ ‎【解析】句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 考查定语从句。depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词， 先行词为物，故用which。‎ ‎【答案】which ‎7.(2015·福建)China Today attracts a worldwide readership， shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.‎ ‎【答案】which