高考英语一轮复习精讲学案：名词性从句

高考英语一轮复习精讲学案：名词性从句

名词性从句 名词性从句的几个难点 that通常不可省略的三种情况 ‎(1)引导主语从句，that置于句首时。‎ That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.‎ 他考试不及格让父母很失望。‎ ‎(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略。‎ I wished (that) we could go sighting in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai.‎ 我希望今年夏天我们能去杭州旅游，并在返程时在上海买些书回来。‎ ‎(3)由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。‎ He has made it clear that he wouldn’t agree to the plan.‎ 他已清楚表明不同意这项计划。‎ what和that在名词性从句中的区别 ‎ ‎(1)what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语，意义上相当于the thing(s) that，引导主语从句时，其谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数而定；what引导的从句可作介词的宾语从句。‎ What he wants are those books.他需要的是那些书。‎ What he wants is some water.他需要的是一些水。‎ A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.一个现代化的城市已经在10年前还是一块废地的地方建造起来了。‎ ‎(2)that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义；引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，谓语动词用单数；引导宾语从句时，常被省略；that从句一般不充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。‎ That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely.‎ ‎(＝It seems unlikely that she will refuse the offer.)‎ 她不可能拒绝那个建议。‎ I have found (that) all the tickets have been sold out.‎ 我发现所有的票已售完。‎ He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.‎ 除了有点粗心之外，他是一个好学生。‎ whether与if的用法比较 ‎(1)二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句可以互换。‎ I don’t know whether/if he’ll attend the meeting.‎ 我不知道他是否会出席会议。‎ ‎(2)在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if。‎ ‎①whether引导从句可以放于句首。‎ Whether he comes or not makes no difference.‎ 他来不来都一样。‎ ‎②whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。‎ The question whether he should join the team has not been decided upon.他是否入队的问题还没决定。‎ The question is whether it is worth trying.‎ 问题是这是否值得一试。‎ ‎③whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。‎ I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll lend him the money.关于是否借给他钱的问题，我还没最后决定。‎ ‎④whether后可以加不定式，if不可。‎ He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait.‎ 他不知道是该结婚还是该等待。‎ ‎⑤可以说whether...or引导让步状语从句，“无论，不论”，if则不可。‎ Whether it rains or snows，I don’t care.‎ 无论下雨还是下雪，我都不在乎。‎ that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别 ‎(1)that 作为关系代词引导定语从句，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时常可省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，无实义，也不作句子的任何成分，一般不能省略。‎ The news (that) he told me surprised me.‎(定语从句)‎ 他告诉我的消息让我很吃惊。‎ The news that he gave in surprised me.‎(同位语从句)‎ 他投降的消息让我很吃惊。‎ ‎(2)能跟同位语从句的通常是抽象名词，常见的有belief(信念)，fact(事实)，idea(想法)，hope(‎ 希望)，doubt(怀疑)，news(新闻)，problem(问题)，order(命令)，decision(决定)，discovery(发现)，information(信息)，knowledge(知识)，opinion(观点)，truth(事实)，report(报道)，thought(想法)等，同位语从句用于说明这些名词的具体内容。而跟定语从句的名词则范围广泛。‎ The fact that the transport of the goods cost too much was not discussed.运费太高这一事实没有被讨论。‎ We have strong belief that we will win the war.‎ 我们对能赢得这场战争抱有坚定的信心。‎ We have some doubt whether they can come on time.‎ 我们怀疑他们是否能准时来。‎ ‎1．(2009年江西卷)The fact has worried many scientists________the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.‎ A．what　　　　　　B．which C．that D．though ‎【解析】　本题考查同位语从句。句意为：近年来全球气候不断变暖，这一事实使得很多科学家感到担忧。该题同位语从句结构完整，故选连词that。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎2．(2009年北京卷)At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see________it got any better.‎ A．when B．how C．why D．if ‎【解析】　句意为：一开始他不喜欢这份新工作，但还是决定给自己几个月的时间来看一看是否情况会有好转。此题考查宾语从句。从句中不缺少时间、地点、原因，排除A、B、C三项。D项表示“是否”，符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎3．(2009年天津卷)It is obvious to the students________they should get well prepared for their future.‎ A．as B．which C．whether D．that ‎【解析】　句意为：显然，学生们应该为他们的未来做好充分的准备。that引导主语从句，在从句中不作句子成分，it是形式主语。as引导定语从句或状语从句；which 引导名词性从句时，意为：哪个(些)；whether是否，在此句中如用此词，则语义矛盾。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎4．(2009江苏卷)Many young people in the West are expected to leave________could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.‎ A．as B．that C．which D．what ‎【解析】　分析句子结构，leave需要一个宾语；could be需要一个主语，所以要选一个能引导宾语从句且能在句子中作主语的词，只有what能满足要求。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎5．(2009年全国卷Ⅰ)Could I speak to________is in charge of International Sales，please?‎ A．anyone B．someone C．whoever D．no matter who ‎【解析】　句意为“我可以同负责管理国际销售部的人谈一谈吗？”句中to为介词，其后是名词性从句，而从句中缺少主语和关联词，故选C。no matter who引导状语从句。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎6．(2009年浙江卷)—Is there any possibility________you could pick me up at the airport?‎ ‎—No problem.‎ A．when B．that C．whether D．what ‎【解析】　句意为：——你到机场来接我行吗？——没问题。that引导同位语从句，说明possibility的内容。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎7．(2009年重庆卷)We should consider the students’request________the school library provide more books on popular science.‎ A．that B．when C．which D．where ‎【解析】　句意为：我们应当考虑学生们的要求，即学校图书馆应该多提供关于大众科学方面的书籍。此题考查名词性从句。名词request后的同位语从句句子结构完整，不缺任何成分，故用that引导。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎8．(2009年四川卷)News came from the school office________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.‎ A．which B．what C．that D．where ‎【解析】　句意为：学校办公室传出了王琳已经被北京大学录取的消息。这是一道考查同位语从句的题目，news是同位语从句的先行词。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎9．(2009年安徽卷)A good friend of mine from________I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.‎ A．how B．whom C．when D．which ‎【解析】　句意为：在我正要动身去北京前，我幼时的一个好朋友来我家里了。从句意分析，选择when表示从我出生时就是我的一个好朋友。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎10．(2009年江苏卷)Many young people in the West are expected to leave________could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.‎ A．as B．that C．which D．what ‎【解析】　分析句子结构，leave需要一个宾语；could be需要一个主语，所以要选一个能引导宾语从句且能在句子中作主语的词，只有what能满足要求。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎1．(2010届江西高安中学月考)The information will be helpful to________will take over the job.‎ A．those B．who C．whoever D．anyone ‎【解析】　考查名词性从句。句意为：无论谁接管这份工作，这一信息都将对他有帮助。“whoever will take over the job”是介词to的宾语，whoever在从句中作主语。如果选择A、D两项，需要在后面加上who。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎2．(2010届贵阳部分学校联考)The painting is so valuable that it is difficult to calculate________its price would be.‎ A．that B．which C．what D．/‎ ‎【解析】　考查名词性从句。这里用what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作表语。这画太名贵了，很难估量其价格。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎3．(2010届郑州一中月考)________you don’t like him is none of my business.‎ A．What B．If C．That D．Whether ‎【解析】　考查名词性从句。that引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分；what引导主语从句时充当句中成分；if不能引导主语从句；whether引导的主语从句应是肯定句。由语意可知C项正确。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎4．(2010届济南统考)The media today can draw public attention to________help is actually needed.‎ A．that B．which C．where D．whose ‎【解析】　本题考查宾语从句的引导词，结合题干，where引导宾语从句并且在宾语从句中作地点状语。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎5．(2010届临川一中期中测试)________medicine works in a human body is a question________not everyone can understand fully.‎ A．How；that B．That；which C．What；which D．What；that ‎【解析】　how在句中引导主语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰限定question。句意为：药物是如何作用于人体的，这个问题并不是每个人都能完全理解的。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎6．(2010年郑州一模)—I think it’s going to be an argument.‎ ‎—Yes，it could be.‎ ‎—I wonder________we can do about it.‎ A．what B．how C．when D．whether ‎【解析】　考查名词性从句。what引导的名词性从句作wonder的宾语，且what作从句中谓语动词do的宾语。其他选项没有这个功能。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎7．(2010年海淀一模)Sorry I’m so late，but you cannot imagine________great trouble I took to find your house.‎ A．what B．how C．which D．why ‎【解析】　考查宾语从句。take great trouble to do something表示“不辞辛劳地做某事”。在此，what引导的宾语从句同时是一个感叹句，what修饰名词trouble。而how在感叹句中修饰形容词、副词或动词。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎8．(2010年成都第一次诊断)Professor Backman took up scientific research for decades，and this is________he devoted all his life to.‎ A．which B．what C．where D．how ‎【解析】　考查名词性从句。what引导表语从句且在从句中作介词to的宾语，表示“什么”。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎9．(2010年上海春招)Tina was hesitating about the job offer as she did not know________the company was an established one.‎ A．whether B．what C．Until D．although ‎【解析】　考查名词性从句。句意为：Tina对所提供的工作正在犹豫中，因为她不知道这家公司是不是一家地位稳固的公司。此处whether引导宾语从句，作know的宾语。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎10．(2010年潍坊检测)It could be judged from her eyes________she was very satisfied with her performance.‎ A．what B．which C．that D．where ‎【解析】　考查名词性从句。句意为：她对她的表现很满意，这可以从她的眼睛里判断出来。‎ It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎11．(2009年石家庄质量检测一)The problem is________we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.‎ A．when B．where C．how D．that ‎【解析】　根据句意可知此处用how引导表语从句。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎12．(2010年长春市第一次调研)________you have picked up，you must give it back to________it belongs to.‎ A．Whatever；whoever B．What；no matter who C．No matter what；no matter who D．Whatever；no matter who ‎【解析】　考查让步状语从句与名词性从句。从句子的结构和语意可以看出前一部分是让步状语从句，可以使用no matter what或whatever来引导；to是介词，后面接的是宾语从句，因此引导词只能使用whoever，而不能使用no matter who。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎13．(2010年西安检测)After working on the maths problem for hours，he found________he thought was the key to it.‎ A．what B．that C．where D．which ‎【解析】　考查名词性从句。what引导的名词性从句作found的宾语从句的主语，而且what在名词性从句中作thought的宾语。其他选项不符合语法。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎14．(2009年皖南八校二模)—I will give you happily________you ask for only if I have.‎ ‎—I like you indeed.‎ A．whichever B．whatever C．no matter what D．no matter which ‎【解析】　whatever引导名词性从句且作for的宾语。句意为“‎ 无论你要什么，我都会高兴地给你，只要我有”。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎15．(2009年合肥三模)It was not what he said but________he said it that hurt my feelings.‎ A．that B．what C．how D．whether ‎【解析】　考查名词性从句。这是一个强调句，强调的是主语，he said it基本句意完整，所以用表示方式的how来引导。‎ ‎【答案】　C