【推荐】专题2-3 Grammar & Writing-试题君之K三关2017-2018学年高二英语人教版（选修8）

【推荐】专题2-3 Grammar & Writing-试题君之K三关2017-2018学年高二英语人教版（选修8）

Unit 2 Cloning ‎2.3 Grammar & Writing Grammar: 同位语 ‎ 同位语是句子成分的一种。它位于名词、代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况，它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。‎ Ⅰ．同位语的表现形式 ‎1．通常用逗号将同位语与其所修饰的先行词隔开，表示一种普通的同位关系。 ‎ ‎ ①This is Mr．Black，director of our hospital．‎ ‎ 这是布莱克先生，我们医院的院长。‎ ‎ ②She is a good teacher，the friend of yours．‎ ‎ 她是一位好老师，也是你们的朋友。‎ ‎2．有时也可用破折号或冒号引导同位语。用破折号，停顿较长，对同位语起强调的作用；用冒号，停顿最 ‎ 长，强调的作用更大。‎ ‎ ①The orphan's daily necessities—clothes，food，etc．—are supplied by a kindhearted teacher．‎ ‎ 这名孤儿的日常用品——衣服、食物等等——由一位好心肠的老师提供。‎ ‎ ②In a sense，nouns can be divided into two kinds： the countable noun and the uncountable noun．‎ ‎ 在某种意义上，名词可分为两类：可数名词和不可数名词。‎ ‎3．有时，同位语之前带有引导词，表示同位成分之间的特殊意义。常见的同位语引导词有as，or，chiefly， especially，for example，for instance，in short，mainly，mostly，namely，that is，in particular，in other words， including，that is to say，such as，say，particularly，what，which，who，when，where，why，how，that， whether等。‎ ‎ ①Only one person can do the job，namely you．‎ ‎ 只有一个人能做这项工作，那就是你。‎ ‎ ②You can buy fruit here，for example，oranges and bananas．‎ ‎ 你可以在这里买水果，例如柑橘和香蕉。‎ ‎4．另外，无需借用任何引导词或标点符号，而将同位语直接置于先行词之后。 ‎ ‎ ①I have the honor to introduce John's sister Jane to you．‎ ‎ 我很荣幸地向你介绍简，约翰的妹妹。 ‎ ‎ ②Tom gave his friend John a book．‎ ‎ 汤姆给了朋友约翰一本书。‎ Ⅱ．用名词、代词或数词及其短语作同位语 ‎ 同位语有限制性和非限制性两种，限制性同位语和前面的词关系比较密切，中间不能停顿；非限制性同位语与前面的词关系比较疏散，常用逗号把它们分开，表示略有停顿。‎ ‎ ☞We teachers should be responsible for this．(名词作同位语)‎ ‎ 我们老师应该对此负责。‎ ‎ ☞Mr．Robson，our head teacher，is from Canada．(名词作非限制性同位语)‎ ‎ 罗布森先生，我们的校长，来自加拿大。‎ ‎ ☞They each put forward a proposal．(代词作同位语)‎ ‎ 他们每个人提出了一个建议。‎ ‎ ☞You may leave it to us two．(数词作同位语)‎ ‎ 你可以把它留给我们两个。‎ 注意：多数的同位语都属于限制性同位语。‎ Ⅲ．同位语从句 ‎ 在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。‎ ‎1. 同位语从句的引导词选择原则 that 只起连词作用，无任何含义，一般不省略 whether 是否 when 什么时候 where 什么地点 how 什么方式 ‎ ☞The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.他不是没有恢复的希望。‎ ‎ ☞The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.‎ ‎ 我们是否继续做这个实验的问题已经被解决。‎ ‎2. 同位语从句的几种特殊情况 ‎（1）当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。‎ ‎ ☞The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.‎ ‎ 故事是这样的：威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。‎ ‎（2）表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词order, demand, suggestion等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。‎ ‎ ☞The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary.‎ ‎ 每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。‎ ‎3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句 定语从句 功能不同 对名词加以补充说明 与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，起连接作用 that 不作成分；起连接作用，不可省略 作主语或宾语，起连接作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略 whether/how 不作成分；起连接作用“是否”；“如何”‎ 不引导定语从句 whwords 作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与先行词之间无关 作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分 ‎ ☞The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.‎ ‎ 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位语从句，that不可省略)‎ ‎ ☞The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.‎ ‎ 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可省略)‎ ‎1.（2016·天津）The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.‎ ‎ A. whether B. that C. which D. what ‎ ‎2.（2014·重庆） —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?‎ ‎ —Yeah, but I have no idea _______ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.‎ ‎ A. when B. why C. that D. how ‎3.（2013·浙江）The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than ‎ ‎ anyone else on the sports field.‎ ‎ A. how B. that C. which D. whether Ⅰ. 用适当的连接词填空 ‎1．Many experts hold the view ________ teacher development is ________ the key to better education lies.‎ ‎2．A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified ‎ ‎ noblemen at court.‎ ‎3．Word came________ I was wanted at the office.‎ ‎4．The fact ________ they managed to complete the task in such a short time surprised us all.‎ ‎5．Wives in that country lived in fear ________ their husbands might be killed.‎ ‎6．The thought ________ he might fail in the exam worried him.‎ ‎7．Here comes the question ________ we should do to deal with so much e-waste.‎ ‎8．Tomorrow is Kate's birthday. Have you got any idea ________ the party is to be held, at home or in the ‎ ‎ restaurant?‎ ‎9．The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.‎ ‎10．It seemed to me that she was in doubt ________ Timmy lived or died.‎ Ⅱ．单句改错 ‎1．There was a suggestion that Brown must be dropped from the team．‎ ‎ _________________________________________________‎ ‎2．I have no idea that he will come back．‎ ‎ _________________________________________________‎ ‎3．The question if it is right or wrong depends on the result．‎ ‎ _________________________________________________‎ ‎4．The thought came to him when maybe the enemy had fled the city．‎ ‎ _________________________________________________‎ ‎5．The order soon came all villagers should leave the village．‎ ‎ _________________________________________________‎ ‎6．There still remains some doubt that he can take good care of his daughter. ‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________‎ ‎7．They are faced with the problem if they should continue the work.‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________‎ ‎8．She is the oldest among they six.‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________‎ ‎9．His teacher gave him the advice that he uses computer properly.‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________‎ ‎10．The news they won the match is true.‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________‎ Ⅲ．把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句 ‎1．Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet．‎ ‎ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot．‎ ‎ →_______________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2．The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China．We heard the news last night．‎ ‎ →________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3．Teenagers shouldn't spend too much time online．Many Chinese parents hold the view．‎ ‎ →_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4．Time travel is possible．We have no scientific proof of the idea．‎ ‎ →__________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎5．Students should be given more free time．The suggestion is welcomed by many people．‎ ‎ →__________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎6．Will the sports meeting be held on time？ The question will be discussed tomorrow．‎ ‎ →___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎7．The headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday．We are glad at the news．‎ ‎ →____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎8．Where are we going for the holiday？Have you thought about the question？‎ ‎ →____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎9．A new teacher will teach us English next term．The message reached me yesterday．‎ ‎ →_____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎10．How did the accident come about？The driver refused to answer the policeman's question．‎ ‎ →______________________________________________________________________________‎ K真题 ‎1. B【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion 的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起连接作用。‎ K好题 Ⅰ. 用适当的连接词填空 ‎1.that; where　 2.that　 3.that　 4.that　 5.that ‎6．that　 7.what　 8.where　 9.that　 10.whether Ⅱ．单句改错 ‎1. must改为should　 2. that改为when或whether　 3. if改为whether　‎ ‎4. when改为that　 5. came后加that 6. that改为whether　‎ ‎7.if改为whether　 8.they改为them　 9.uses改为use　‎ ‎10.news后加that Ⅲ．把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句 ‎1．The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot．‎ ‎2．We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a fourday visit in China．‎ ‎3．Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldn't spend too much time online．‎ ‎4．We have no scientific proof of the idea that time travel is possible．‎ ‎5．The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people．‎ ‎6．The question whether the sports meeting will be held on time will be discussed tomorrow．‎ ‎7．We are glad at the news that the headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday．‎ ‎8．Have you thought about the question where we are going for the holiday？‎ ‎9．The message that a new teacher will teach us English next term reached me yesterday．‎ ‎10．The driver refused to answer the policeman's question how the accident came about．‎ Writing: 如何写辩论报告 ‎ 这类文章要求用一定的理由来说明自己对事物或问题的见解，属于议论文的范畴。写作时要注意以下几点：‎ ‎1．篇章特点 ‎ 议论文是一种以议论为主要表达方式的文体。就是摆事实、讲道理，并要求通过多方面的分析，把道理说通、说透。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是：观点正确，认真概括，有实际意义，恰当地综合运用各种表达方式；论据的基本要求是：真实可靠，充分典型；论证的基本要求是：推理必须符合逻辑。‎ ‎2．注意事项 ‎ 写作时应注意：‎ 第一，要提出正确鲜明的论点。一般来说，要把论点写在篇首或段首，这样能起到纲举目张的效果，让读 ‎ ‎ 者读起来更容易把握文章思路。‎ 第二，要重视论据这一关的阐述。论据就是用来证明论点的事实和道理。要有足够的论据，可以列举生活 的实例来证明论点。‎ 第三，论证是议论文中必不可少的部分。一段完整的议论，只有通过论证证明论据和论点之间的内在逻辑 关系，才能将论据和论点融为一体，也才能构成一篇完整的、有说服力的文章。‎ ‎3．写作形式 ‎ 此类作文一般有两种写法。‎ ‎(1)文章分三部分进行论述：‎ ‎ 第一部分：提出论点 ‎ 第二部分：给出论据 ‎ 第三部分：得出结论 ‎(2)文章分四部分进行论述 ‎ 第一部分：说明辩论的主题、参与者等 ‎ 第二部分：列举正方的观点及其理由 ‎ 第三部分：列举反方的观点及其理由 ‎ 第四部分：阐明自己的观点 ‎1．总结：‎ ‎ There are different opinions among people as to...‎ ‎ We had a heated discussion about...‎ ‎ Different people hold different opinions．‎ ‎ Opinions are divided．‎ ‎ People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards...‎ ‎ People have different opinions on this problem．‎ ‎ People take different views on this question．‎ ‎2. 表达不同观点：‎ ‎ ...of them hold the opinion that...‎ ‎ ...of them are in favour of the idea that...‎ ‎ People who are for/against the idea think...‎ ‎ Some people believe that...Others argue that...‎ ‎3. 不同观点之间的衔接用语：‎ ‎ However，...of them hold a different view．/...of them hold the opposite opinion．‎ ‎ People who are against it don't think so．‎ ‎ However，each coin has two sides．‎ ‎ Different from those...，...people think...‎ ‎ On the other hand，...people object that...‎ ‎ and，as well as，also...‎ ‎ besides，in addition，moreover，what's more...‎ ‎ unlike，on the contrary，on the other hand...‎ ‎ 每个家庭都有忙不完的日常家务活(household ‎ chores)。高中生是否应该帮助父母干家务活？在班会课上，你班同学就这一话题展开辩论。请你选择一方观点(正面的或反面的)，根据以下表格提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数：100左右。‎ ‎2. 开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 不同观点 支持 ‎1.减轻父母负担，是感恩形式之一。‎ ‎2.培养劳动意识，提高独立能力。‎ ‎3.……‎ 反对 ‎1.枯燥无味，影响情绪。‎ ‎2.耗费时间，不利于学习。‎ ‎3.……‎ Should Senior High School Students Help Parents With Household Chores?‎ ‎ “Should senior high school students help parents with household chores？”Different students have different views._______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ That's all.Thank you!‎ ‎【审题谋篇】‎ 体裁 议论文 话题 高中生是否应该帮助父母干家务活 时态 一般现在时 人称 第一、三人称 ‎【遣词造句】‎ Ⅰ.词汇 ‎1．支持 ‎ ‎2．对……表达谢意 ‎ ‎3．培养 ‎ ‎4．意识到 ‎ ‎5．调整思想 ‎ Ⅱ.句式 ‎1．We all know that our parents are busy with their work to bring us up.(改为包含定语从句的复合句)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．By doing it, we may adjust our mind and may forget about our homework for the moment and this improve our ‎ ‎ learning.(改为包含非谓语动词的句子)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. As is known to us all, our parents are busy with their work to bring us up.‎ ‎2. By doing it, we may adjust our mind, forgetting about our homework for the moment and thus improving our ‎ ‎ learning.‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Should Senior High School Students Help Parents With Household Chores?‎ ‎ “Should senior high school students help parents with household chores？” Different students have different views.‎ ‎ As for me, I am strongly in favour of students helping parents with chores. Here are the reasons. Firstly, it can reduce the burden over our parents and it is clearly a form of expressing thanks to them. As is known to us all, our parents are busy with their work to bring us up. They are filled with pressure. If we help them do some chores such as cleaning up rooms, polishing furniture, washing clothes, cooking meals, etc. They will have more time to relax themselves. We are being instructed to be thankful to parents. Surely enough, it is one of the best ways. What's better, by doing chores, we can be increasingly aware of the necessity of labor and gradually improve the ability of independence. Most importantly, by doing it, we may adjust our mind, forgetting about our homework for the moment and thus improving our learning.‎ ‎ That's all. Thank you!‎ ‎ ‎