专题35+书面表达——提示议论类+名师揭秘-2019年高考英语高频考点名师揭秘与仿真测试

专题35+书面表达——提示议论类+名师揭秘-2019年高考英语高频考点名师揭秘与仿真测试

‎ ‎ ‎【考点解读】‎ ‎ 提纲作文是近几年高考英语书面表达的热点题型。命题者通常把提纲作文与其他常用文体形式(如书信、电子邮件、报道、通知、日记等)有机结合在一起进行考查，使该类书面表达综合性越来越强。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【作文特点】‎ ‎1. 要点明确，范围具体 提纲作文就是把文章的情景和内容要求分成块，以短文提示、要点提示和表格提示三种形式呈现，要求考生据此进行写作，这实际上是对考生思路和文章写作范围所作的明确限定，写作内容贴近学生的生活实际。因此，提纲中所列举的要点要全部涉及，一个也不能遗漏。这类作文主要考查的内容有：说明主题、分析原因或解释做法。作文题目中一般会提供：标题、提纲、起始句。标题限定短文的基本发展方向，提纲规定短文的基本框架，起始句则提供短文的起点。考生应紧扣主题，并根据提纲提示的思路和要点展开段落。‎ ‎2. 思维空间灵活、开放 为了提高文章档次，考生应在保证内容要点齐全的同时进行合理而又紧扣主题的发挥。因此，该类型的书面表达具有一定的灵活性，能较好地体现考生的英语思维和运用能力。‎ 提纲类写作是近年高考英语书面表达的热点题型，命题人通常以提纲作文的形式考查书信、报道、通知、日记、发言稿、对某人或某物的介绍、欢迎词等。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【试题特征】 ‎ ‎1. 短文提示类 ‎ 用汉语给出一段短文提示，要求根据提示写一篇短文，所考查的形式灵活多样，如人物介绍、地点介绍、申请、道歉、邀请等。‎ ‎2. 要点提示类 ‎ 这是比较常见的一种方式，此类题目用汉语提纲列举几个要点，提出写作要求。写作时要首先根据要点确定文章的中心思想，然后围绕中心思想和要点展开合理和适当的联想。 ‎ ‎3. 表格提示类 ‎ 试题采用表格的形式给出要点，写作时首先要将表格中的要点扩展成一个个完整的句子，然后根据文章的中心话题和要求，把这些要点连句成段，连段成篇。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【写作步骤】 ‎ ‎1. 细读提示，认真审题 ‎ 其环节包括：‎ 审体裁：提纲作文的体裁一般有书信、电子邮件、报道、 通知、日记等； ‎ 定人称：一般为第一人称或第三人称；‎ 定时态：一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时。 ‎ ‎2. 紧扣主题，组织要点 ‎ 虽然提纲式作文的要点似乎已经定好了，但考生仍要把内容要点逐个完整地列出来。 ‎ ‎3. 选词造句，初步成文 ‎ 在体裁明确、信息全面、要点清晰的基础上，根据要点和重点词汇的句法功能、句子的语法规则，按照提示或说明中所提供的事实和情节发展的顺序遣词造句，然后将零散的句子组成主谓一致、时态呼应、脉络分明、合乎逻辑、内容完整的短文。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【解题思路】‎ 一、深挖题干，明确要求 提纲作文最基本的特征就是内容信息明确和写作要求具体。只有充分利用已给的信息，才有可能写出合格的作文。首先我们要从与内容相关的信息中提炼出具体要写的要点，这基本上决定了文章的主题和所要采用的体裁。题干中所给的其他要求则从规范方面对写作提出了要求。找出了要点、明确了要求，那么写作也就有了方向。‎ 二、分析要点，构建框架 从性质、重要性及关联度这几点出发，对提炼出的要点进行排序和重新整合，并在结合主题的情况下安排文章的大致脉络，也就是确定文章的段落，使要点在排列的次序上符合逻辑和人们的认知规律。要点的性质、重要性及关联度决定了哪些要点要放在一个段落中去呈现。对于英文写作，鉴于词数的限制，段落并不会太多，通常在一段和三段之间变化。对于三个段落的书面表达，首段通常为引入段；第二段一般为中心段落，需要呈现的要点基本上都集中在第二个段落；而第三段一般为结论段或总结段。‎ 三、要点齐全，量力表达 ‎1. 若要文章有一个基本的、稳定的得分，首先要做到的就是题干所要求的要点要齐全，并且要保证表达上没有明显的低级错误。这两点是最基本的要求。100多词的提纲作文，把要点用英语词汇和句式表达出来就能基本达到这个要求，所以并没有什么可怕的。‎ ‎2. 想要在分数上有所突破，就不能只是在要点齐全上做文章，还需要在原有要点的基础上进行题干要求之外但又在情理之中的发挥，也就是说增加一些细节信息；其次，还需要在表达上有所提升，也就是说采用一些比较高级的词汇和结构，比如特殊句型、非谓语结构等。当然，这些需要建立在考生对自己的表达能力比较有信心的基础上，跳过格式，注重风格。‎ ‎3. 英语书面表达常常和应用文结合起来，特别是书信和电子邮件。对于这些格式上有要求的文体而言，我们也不必过于担心，因为基本格式通常都已经给出来了。考生所需要做的仍然是把文章所要求的内容要点用正确且比较地道的英语呈现出来。‎ ‎4. 内容/主题不同，所采用的文体一般也不同。而不同的文体都有着属于该文体的语言风格，比如，议论文的语言通常比较有说服力，说明文的语言比较讲究科学性和准确性。当然，语言风格属于较高层次的要求。但如果能很好地把握文章的语言风格，它自然会成为文章的一个亮点。否则，还是考虑比较稳妥的方式为好。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【参考资料】‎ ‎1. 高考阅卷的特点：‎ ‎1）以内容要点定档次；‎ ‎2）以语言质量定分数；‎ ‎3）连词一定不能少。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. 考生存在的问题：‎ ‎1）不通顺：主要表现为“三无”，即无段落，无结构，无明显主题。‎ ‎2）不达意：词汇量太小，用词不达意，缺乏准确表达想法的能力。‎ ‎3）不地道：用汉语思维方式写作，汉语式表达（Chinglish）严重。 ‎ ‎4）错误多：有很多基本语法错误和拼写错误。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. 典型句型 ‎1）表达观点的句型：‎ Different people hold different opinion.‎ Opinions are divided.‎ People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards…‎ People have different opinion on this problem.‎ People take different views on this question.‎ ‎2）表达不同观点：‎ ‎…of them hold the opinion that….‎ ‎…of them are in favor of the idea that…‎ People who are for /against the idea think…‎ Some people believe that….Others argue that…‎ ‎3）不同观点之间的衔接：‎ However, …of them hold a different view. /…of them hold the opposite opinion.‎ People who are against it don’t think so.‎ However, each coin has two sides.‎ Different from those….,…people think….‎ On the other hand, …people object that….‎ 并列关系：and, as well as, also…‎ 递进关系：besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more…‎ 比较、对比：like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand…‎ ‎4）表示赞同的表达：‎ agree with the idea/ are for the idea/ think it is right to.../ think it is a good idea to.../ consider it reasonable / are in favor of/ approve of the idea ‎ ‎5）表示反对的表达：‎ Some of them don’t think that it is a good idea to... ‎ Other… don’t think it is suitable for … to … ‎ Some of them are against the idea.‎ Other... disapprove of the idea. ‎ Other… disagree with the idea.../But others do not agree with the idea. ‎ Some of the…would not like to give their support to the idea.‎ object to are opposed to the idea that... ‎ ‎6）表示担心、忧虑：‎ be worried about/ be worrying that…/ it is a worry to sb. that…/it worries them a lot that…/Sb. is concerned that…/ feel great concern for the effect/ result of…‎ ‎7）表示喜欢做某事：‎ He became interested in swimming when he was a little boy.‎ He was fond of swimming when he was a little boy. ‎ He liked/loved swimming very much when he was a little boy. ‎ He developed an interest in swimming when he was a little boy. ‎ He developed a strong passion for swimming when he was very young.‎ ‎8）表示“导致”：‎ Many children have to wear glasses, and I believe it is because of the long hours they spend watching TV.‎ The long hours the children spend watching TV cause many of them to wear glasses.‎ The long hours the children spend watching TV result in many of them having to wear glasses. ‎ The long hours the children spend watching TV lead to the fact that many of them have to wear glasses. ‎ Many children end up having to wear glasses due to the long hours they spend watching TV.‎ ‎9）相同观点之间的连接成分：‎ besides, in addition, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, last but not least ‎ ‎10）表示对比和转折的连接成分：‎ however, on the contrary, unlike, while, by contrast, on the other hand ‎11）观点陈述：believe, think, argue, insist, figure, emphasize, say, claim, suppose point out, hold the opinion, share the opinion, from my point of view, as far as I am concerned, in my opinion, as I see it, I’d like to point out that...‎ ‎12）常用套句 People’s views on … vary from person to person. Some people think that… They hold this opinion because… However, others believe that... ‎ Opinions are divided on the question. …of the …are against the idea (that…). They believe … On the other hand, think that…‎ There is no doubt that … has a lot of advantages. It not only… but also… At the same time … However, just as an English proverb goes, every coin has two sides.‎ There is a general discussion on/about … Those who object to it/are for it, on the other hand, insist that …‎ ‎… of the students are against the idea of … Their concern is that … ‎ On the other hand, think …‎ ‎13）结尾 In summary, it is important…‎ From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that…‎ Obviously, if we want to…, it is necessary …‎ There is no doubt that attention must be paid…‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【真题分析】‎ ‎1.【2018年天津卷】‎ ‎ 假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校，他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将与7月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。 ‎ ‎ （1）比赛的时间、地点； ‎ ‎ （2）邀请他的原因； ‎ ‎ （3）训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。‎ 注意：‎ ‎ （1）词数不少于100；‎ ‎ （2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；‎ ‎ （3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：‎ 世界青少年机器人技能竞赛 the World Adolescent Robotics Competition ‎ ‎ Dear Chris,‎ I have good news to tell you. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ I'm looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours,‎ ‎ Li Jin ‎ ‎ ‎【审题】‎ 本篇书面要求写一封邀请信。写作的时候要注意以下几点：‎ ‎ ‎ 二、写作时注意准确运用时态，对于本文来说，以一般将来时为主，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。‎ ‎【答案】‎ Dear Chris,‎ I have good news to tell you. The World Adolescent Robotics Competition will be held in Tianjin at the end of July. Hearing that you once took part in a Robotics Skills Competition and ‎ won an award, I, on behalf of the Robotics Hobby Group, intend to invite you to join our team in the coming competition. I am sure that your involvement will not only help us in winning the award but also enhance the friendship between our two schools. ‎ With this email I also send you our training plan, about which I wish to get your advice because you are more experienced than us. We sincerely hope that we can participate in the competition as team partners.‎ I' m looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours,‎ Li Jin ‎ ‎ ‎2.【2018年北京卷】‎ ‎ ‎ 第一节（15分）‎ ‎ 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎ 1. 表示欢迎；‎ ‎ 2. 推荐他上哪所大学；‎ ‎ 3. 建议他做哪些准备工作。‎ 注意：1. 词数不少于50；‎ ‎ 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Jim,‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours,‎ ‎ Li Jin ‎【审题】 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】‎ Dear Jim,‎ I' m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.‎ Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is, perfect for you where you. can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.‎ I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎3.【2017年天津卷】‎ 假设你是李津，与你以前的外籍教师Mrs. Green 一直保持联系。近日她来信询问你的近况，请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。‎ ‎（1）简要介绍自己的学习和生活；‎ ‎（2）告知你已成为八月底在津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者，并介绍为此所做的准备（如深入了解天津等）；‎ ‎（3）希望她有机会重访天津。‎ 注意：‎ ‎（1）词数不少于100；‎ ‎（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；‎ ‎（3）开头已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：第十三届全运会 the 13th National Games Dear Mrs. Green,‎ I’m glad to hear from you. ______________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours,‎ ‎ Li Jin ‎ ‎ ‎【审题】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】‎ Dear Mrs. Green, sentences I'm so glad to hear from you. While it has been more than a year since you taught us English, I've missed you a lot, thinking about those happy moments when we stayed with you. Actually, I've been doing pretty well in my studies as well as in my life. Apart from my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I'm interested in. For example, I have successfully got admitted as a volunteer for the 13th National Games, which is scheduled to be held at the end of this August. To get admitted, I have made good preparations beforehand, trying to know as ‎ much as I could about my city, Tianjin． ‎ By the way, it's my sincere hope that you can spare some time for a visit to Tianjin again, which has changed greatly since you left． ‎ Please let me know if you come to Tianjin． ‎ Yours¸‎ Li Jin ‎【点拨】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎