【英语】河北省张家口市2020届高三5月模拟试题（解析版）

【英语】河北省张家口市2020届高三5月模拟试题（解析版）

河北省张家口市2020届高三5月模拟英语试题 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A The Walkmeter Walking & Hiking GPS has characteristics that are excellent for fitness walkers who want to improve their speed and distance. It uses your phone’s GPS to measure the distance of your walks and hikes. It includes audio and voice integration（集成）so you can not only be informed of your workout statistics, but you can also listen to replies your friends send about your workout posts from Facebook and Twitter while you walk. Upgrading is less than $10 per year, far less than with some other apps, such as Endomondo.‎ Argus packs a lot into one lifestyle app. It functions as an all-day pedometer app. Your daily step count updates from your phone and includes active time, distance, calories, steps. and an hourly graph, It can also measure your heart rate at any time. You can easily take your heart rate during exercise and at rest. Besides, you can use the app’s food diary and sleep timer. A wide range of fitness and diet plans are also provided on it.‎ Charity Miles gives your walking a purpose, because it turns your exercise into donations to a certain cause. Open up this free app（iOS or Google Play）and choose a charity. Start a workout, choosing walking, running, or cycling. For each completed mile, you’ll have earned a donation for your chosen charity. The basic rate is 25 cents for walking and running miles and 10 cents for cycling miles, subject to a periodic cap. When you finish your walking, you must post to Facebook or Twitter to earn money for your charity.‎ ‎1. What can users do with the Walkmeter Walking & Hiking GPS while exercising?‎ A. Upgrade the app for $10. B. Check comments of friends.‎ C. Reply to friends’ posts online. D. Make personalized fitness plans.‎ ‎2. What is special about Charity Miles?‎ A. It is free of charge. B. It can earn you money.‎ C. It offers a new way of donating. D. It is connected to social software,‎ ‎3. Where is the text probably taken from?‎ A. A website on app ratings. B. An online fitness course.‎ C. A medical report. D. An advertisement for phones.‎ B Christa Barfield of Germantown starts each day by drinking a cup of hot tea. When she lifts the cup to her lips, she smells the tea gently and looks forward to the day ahead. "Drinking a cup of tea is a form of self-reflection," Barfield said." When I’m doing my praying or meditation（冥想）, drinking tea allows me to sit in the moment and be present."‎ Barfield, 32, fell in love with tea in 2018 after taking a trip to the Caribbean Island of Martinique where every morning with her breakfast she was served a hot cup from the couple she visited. There, the host would take live herbs from his garden, put them in a cup, and pour hot water over them. "It was very different from what we do in America," Barfield said. "The tea had a fresher taste."‎ When she returned to Germantown, she was inspired to start a tea company of her own. In August, she started Viva Leaf Tea, a company that sells blended（调配的）teas from herbs and plants that Barfield grows from seed. The name of the company, Viva Leaf Tea, is a nod to the fresh herbal teas she drank in Martinique.‎ ‎"I started a tea company for wellness reasons." Barfield explained, "It helped me to keep my 10 years of healthcare experiences and reuse them in my own way," Before starting Viva Leaf Tea. Barfield worked in healthcare management at several private practices in Philadelphia. In 2018, she earned a bachelor’s degree in healthcare administration from Saint Joseph’s University.‎ ‎"We take all of our herbs very seriously," she said. "There are thousands of tea companies all over the world. But you don’t really know where the tea leaves come from." Barfield provides a "farm to cup" experience for her customers. With every order, customers are provided with information about the origins of the herbs used and their possible health benefits.‎ ‎4. What did Barfield find from her trip to Martinique?‎ A. Americans’ love for tea.‎ B. A new way to drink tea.‎ C. The importance of fresh tea.‎ D. The popularity of tea in the Caribbean.‎ ‎5. What does the name of Barfield’s company indicate?‎ A. She is devoted to making blended teas.‎ B. She takes great interest in growing herbs.‎ C. She is crazy about starting a company of her own.‎ D. She was impressed by the herbal teas in Martinique.‎ ‎6. What does Barfield want to do through her company?‎ A. Share her healthcare experiences.‎ B. Introduce a new way to make tea.‎ C. Inspire people to learn tea culture.‎ D. Help people keep healthy in her way.‎ ‎7. What does the author try to convey in the last paragraph?‎ A. What health benefits herbal teas have.‎ B. How Viva Leaf Tea advertises its products.‎ C. What makes Viva Leaf Tea’s products different.‎ D Where customers can find the origins of herbal teas.‎ C Constructed in the third century BC, the Terracotta Army is a collection of clay sculptures presenting the forces of the First Emperor of China- Qin Shi Huang. The figures include more than 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses. Their varying clothes, facial features and body types have long impressed people. But historian Dan Snow says, “The amazing realism increases the great mystery surrounding these terracotta figures, where do they come from? They are nothing like any figure made in China before them, something changed. Something remarkable happened here 2,200 years ago."‎ Mr Snow explains historians have long believed Ancient China remained separated from the rest of the world. But the Terracotta Army could disprove that theory.‎ The time of the First Emperor was around 220BC. When, on the eastern edge of the Eurasian（欧亚的）landmass, was the Chinese worlds with competing mini-states over there. Over on the west of Eurasia, the Roman Empire started to expand over here and Greece was a great power,‎ ‎"What’s going on artistically in the East and West is very different in the third century BC. The classic Greek art is easy to recognize, with the absolute high watermark of artistic expression, beautiful—metre-and-a-half tall, human in its look. But in the Chinese world, you’ve got just ‎ ‎10cm‎ tall, far more basic." says Mr Snow. He continues, "Then something changes, in fact, everything changes—there’s a revolution. Suddenly, in 220BC you get the Terracotta Army lightyears ahead of what’s gone before. It starts to look far less like before and far more like what’s going on in the western world, both life-size, both lifelike, both attempts at realism."‎ This couldn’t be more important, because it’s always been assumed that China developed in isolation（隔离）. But if that’s not the case, if the First Emperor of China imported western ideas and techniques to create his extraordinary arts, that forces us to completely rewrite the history books.‎ ‎8. What confused Dan Snow about the Terracotta Army?‎ A. Why Qin Shi Huang ordered to create them.‎ B. Who instructed ancient people to create them.‎ C. Why their design was different from previous time.‎ D. What kind of clothes ancient people preferred to wear.‎ ‎9. What do most historians think of Ancient China?‎ A. It was closed to the outside world.‎ B. Many mini-states coexisted peacefully.‎ C. Building army of sculptures was very common then.‎ D. It built a good relationship with the rest of the world.‎ ‎10. What can we infer about the clay sculptures in Ancient China before 220BC?‎ A. They were in small size.‎ B. Their styles changed greatly.‎ C. Their facial expressions seemed real.‎ D. They looked similar to the Greek ones.‎ ‎11. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. The Development of Chinese Art B. Westerners Found in Ancient China C. The Discovery of China’s Terracotta Army D. Historians Reconsidering the Remote Past of China D More than 5, 000 species of birds manage annual round-trip migrations（迁徙）. These ‎ journeys can be thousands of miles, with many birds often returning to the exact same nesting and wintering place from year to year.‎ Migration is very important in the life cycle of birds, and without this annual journey many birds would not be able to raise their young. Birds migrate to find the richest and most abundant food that will provide adequate energy to raise young birds. If no birds migrated, competition for adequate food during breeding（繁殖）seasons would be fierce and many birds would starve.‎ Of course, not all birds migrate. Some birds can take advantage of different food sources（来源）as seasons change, allowing them to stay in one place all year round. Other birds are better adapted to cold climates with thicker fat reserves and better feathers, and they can survive long cold seasons while they forage for winter food. For more than half the world’s birds, however, migration is necessary to stay alive.‎ When the timing is right for their migrating needs, birds will begin their journey. Food, weather, temperature and illness or injury are several minor aspects that may affect migration by a day or two, but most bird species follow precise migration "schedule". While migration is at its finest during spring and fall, birds migrate all throughout the year. Migration is actually an ongoing process and there are always birds at some stage of their journeys. The distance the birds must fly, the length of time it takes to mate and the amount of young birds all affect when any one species is migrating.‎ Migratory birds have several changes before the journey. Among them is hyperphagia, the process of migration-related weight gain. As daylight changes and migration times near, a bird’s hormone levels will change and they will build a greater fat supply. Besides, old, ragged feathers create more wind drag and air resistance, which requires a bird to use more energy in flight, so many birds replace old feathers with new ones.‎ ‎12. Without migration, many birds would .‎ A. stop reproducing during breeding seasons B. abandon young birds for lack of food C be unable to find places for nesting D. be in danger of starvation ‎13. What does the underlined phrase "forage for" mean in Paragraph 3?‎ A. Run out of. B. Cut down on.‎ C. Search for. D. Wait for.‎ ‎14. What can we learn about birds’ migration?‎ A. Most birds begin their journey at the arrival of spring.‎ B. Warm temperature usually advances it by a day or two.‎ C. There is almost little migration of birds in winter.‎ D. Birds’ migration is affected by various aspects.‎ ‎15. How will migratory birds benefit from the process of hyperphagia?‎ A. They will tend to use less energy in flight.‎ B. They will store enough energy for travelling.‎ C. They will replace old feathers with new ones.‎ D. They will better sense the changes of daylight.‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ We see big lies.____16____We think we’re fundamentally different from those big liars like Bernie Madoff or Tiger Woods.‎ But behind big lies are a series of small tricks or lies. Dan Ariely, a professor of psychology and behavioral economies, writes about this in his book The Honest Truth about Dishonesty.___17___‎ These small lies are quite common. There are many of us who might go a little too fast on the highway, or pocket extra change at a gas station. As humans, it seems we are natural liars.___18___‎ But still, we want to look in the mirror and see ourselves as good, honest people, though we benefit from our lying. That’s why Ariely describes honesty as something of a state of mind. He thinks the IRS（税务局）should have people promise to be honest when they start working on their taxes, not when they ‘re done.___19___‎ Ariely says the research about honesty isn’t all negative（消极的）.____20____But we usually don’t take those chances. "There’s a lot of good in us." he said.‎ A. Most people tell some kind of lies every day.‎ B. When talking about dishonesty, we always think of something big.‎ C. But when we think to ourselves, we believe we could never do that.‎ D. We have plenty of chances to lie and cheat, without getting caught.‎ E. Some of the most common lies are white lies, which are typically considered to be harmless,‎ F. He found what separates honest people from not honest people is not necessarily character, but chance.‎ G. Setting the stage for honesty is more effective than asking someone after the fact whether or not they lied.‎ 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ The idea of donating mosquito nets to millions of Africans came to Katherine Commale’s mind when she was only five years old. She____21____a documentary about Africa, which____22____that on average, every 30 seconds one child died of malaria（疟疾）there, which can be caused by mosquito bites. This made her____23____, but it also____24____her to do something to save their lives____25____. Katherine started____26____money for mosquito nets so that Africans don’t have to____27____malaria. She sent nets to Africa through an organization called Nothing But Nets. By making hand-decorated____28____with her family and giving them to those who donated money. Katherine inspired people to ___29___her. Her____30____was posted on the website of Nothing But Nets. People were touched by her ___31___, which went beyond age and race,____32____were pouring in from around the world.‎ However. Katherine still seemed____33____. She and her friends wrote letters to the____34____who were on the list of The World’s Billionaires,____35____they could contribute money. After receiving the letter, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation____36____that it would donate three million dollars to Nothing But Nets.____37____to have more people know Katherine’s____38____, the foundation invested（投资）in filming a public welfare documentary.‎ Thanks to Katherine, the frequency of children’s death____39____from malaria in Africa has been decreased to one person every 120 seconds. Katherine’s kindness influenced the world even ‎ though she was only a little girl. She showed that no one is too____40____to change the world into a better place.‎ ‎21. A. showed B. watched ‎ C. made D. broadcast ‎22. A. mentioned B. counted ‎ C. inferred D. witnessed ‎23. A. nervous B. guilty ‎ C. skeptical D. astonished ‎24. A. forced B. commanded ‎ C. motivated D. assisted ‎25. A. However B. Therefore ‎ C. Meanwhile D. Instead ‎26. A. providing B. earning ‎ C. raising D. accepting ‎27. A. recover from B. talk about ‎ C. suffer from D. know about ‎28. A. certificates B. invitations ‎ C. recommendations D. instructions ‎29. A. join B. consult ‎ C. challenge D. defeat ‎30. A. advice B. story ‎ C. article D. address ‎31. A. politeness B. innocence ‎ C. bravery D. sympathy ‎32. A. Donations B. Letters ‎ C. Reporters D. Listeners ‎33. A. unsettled B. unmoved ‎ C. unhealthy D. unsatisfied ‎34. A. aged B. learned ‎ C. famous D. rich ‎35. A. warning B. hoping ‎ C. informing D. confirming ‎36. A. insisted B. realized ‎ C. Stressed D. declared ‎37. A. Additionally B. Luckily ‎ C. Actually D. Obviously ‎38. A. diseases B. troubles ‎ C. families D. deeds ‎39. A. resulting B. changing ‎ C. growing D. escaping ‎40 A‎. forgetful B. clumsy ‎ C. young D. poor 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Traditionally, we Chinese attach great importance to our hometown and are often____41____（willing）to migrate to other places. However, in present times, in particular after the reform and opening-up policy was introduced, more and more people fancy____42____（settle）down in more developed cities just as my family members did.‎ My parents were both born in Sichuan. In 1963, a time when ____43____（graduate）were assigned（分配）jobs by the government, my father received a job in Beijing. After I was born in 1969, my parents went to work in Xinjiang.‎ In the 1980s, Chinese society____44____（fill）with hope, and people worked hard to achieve their dreams. So did my family. In 1988, admitted____45____Renmin University of China. I went to Beijing. It took me 72 hours by train____46____（travel）from Xinjiang to Beijing, with____47____distance of over 3,770 kilometers. In 1990, my brother also passed the entrance examination and was enrolled in a university in Guangzhou,____48____he now lives and works.‎ Recalling the changes over the past four decades, 1 think____49____（improve）transportation is very important to our family. The long distance kept us apart most of the time. Today, the speed and methods of transportation have been improved a lot, which has____50____‎ ‎（entire）transformed our life and can bring us together easily.‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下面一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。.‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。.‎ ‎“Who would like this $20 bill!?" a well-known speaker asked, held up a $20 bill. Hand started going up. He said, "I am going to give them to one of you and first, let me do this." He left it on the ground and deliberate stepped on it with his shoe again and again. He picked it up, now covering with dirt. Still the hands were up in air. Because it did not decrease in value and was still worth of $20.‎ Many times in your lives, dropped and thrown into the dirt by the decisions you make and the circumstances and the difficulties that comes your way, you may feel as though you are worthless. But you are still priceless to your family members, that love you and depend on you.‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎52.假如你是班长李华，你们班准备参加学校下个月举办的“英文话剧比赛”（English Drama Contest），但尚未确定参演剧目，请你给外教Louis写封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1.活功意义；‎ ‎2.征求建议；‎ ‎3.请其指导。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ ‎【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇应用文。介绍了几款运动应用程序。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段you can also listen to replies your friends send about your workout posts from Facebook and Twitter while you walk“当你走路的时候，你还可以听你的朋友在Facebook和Twitter上对你的健身信息的回复”。可知，使用者可以在运动中去听朋友们对你的留言。故选B。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段Open up this free app（iOS or Google Play）and choose a charity. Start a workout, choosing walking, running, or cycling. For each completed mile, you’ll have earned a donation for your chosen charity.“打开这个免费的应用程序(iOS或谷歌播放)，选择一个慈善机构。开始锻炼，选择步行、跑步或骑自行车。每完成一英里，你就会为你选择的慈善机构赢得一笔捐款。”可知，使用者能在运动的同时为慈善筹集善款。故选C。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据全文可知，这篇文章介绍了几款运动应用程序，主要是围绕它们的各自特点展开的，所以这篇文章应该来自一个关于应用程序评级的网站。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because, since, as等；表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。本题第2小题，根据第三段Open up this free app（iOS or Google Play）and choose a charity. Start a workout, choosing walking, running, or cycling. For each completed mile, you’ll have earned a donation for your chosen charity.“打开这个免费的应用程序(iOS或谷歌播放)，选择一个慈善机构。开始锻炼，选择步行、跑步或骑自行车。每完成一英里，你 就会为你选择的慈善机构赢得一笔捐款。”可知，使用者能在运动的同时为慈善筹集善款。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】4. B 5. D 6. D 7. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位茶爱好者发现新的喝茶方式，并在此启发下开办自已的茶叶公司的故事。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段“It was very different from what we do in America," Barfield said. "The tea had a fresher taste.” “这和我们在美国做的非常不同，”巴菲尔德说。“这茶的味道更鲜。”可知，Barfield发现了一种当地的饮茶方式。故选B。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段The name of the company, Viva Leaf Tea, is a nod to the fresh herbal teas she drank in Martinique.“该公司名为Viva Leaf Tea，是对她在马提尼克喝的新鲜草药茶的一种赞许。”由此判断出，巴菲尔德公司的名字表明她对马提尼克的草药茶印象深刻。故选D。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段“I started a tea company for wellness reasons," Barfield explained. “It helped me to keep my 10 years of healthcare experiences and reuse them in my own way.” “出于健康考虑，我开了一家茶叶公司。”“它为我提供了10年的保健经历，帮助我重新使用这些经历。”由此判断出，巴菲尔德想通过她的公司帮助人们以她的方式保持健康。故选D。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段Barfield provides a "farm to cup" experience for her customers. With every order, customers are provided with information about the origins of the herbs used and their possible health benefits. 巴菲尔德为她的客户提供“从农场到杯子”的体验。每一份订单都会向顾客提供有关所用草药的来源及其可能的健康益处的信息。由此判断出，作者在最后一段想要表达是什么让Viva Leaf Tea的产品与众不同。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。历史学家长期以来一直认为，古代中国与世界其他地区是隔绝的，但兵马俑可以推翻这一理论。历史学家重新思考中国遥远的过去。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段The amazing realism increases the great mystery surrounding these terracotta figures, where do they come from? They are nothing like any figure made in China before them, something changed. Something remarkable happened here 2,200 years ago.“令人惊叹的现实主义增加了围绕这些兵马俑的巨大谜团，他们来自哪里?他们和之前中国制造的任何人物都不一样，有些东西变了。2200年前，这里发生了一件了不起的事情。”可知，让Dan Snow想不明白的就是秦陵兵马俑为何风格突然发生了改变。故选C。‎ ‎9题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段historians have long believed Ancient China remained separated from the rest of the world.“历史学家一直认为，古代中国与世界其他地方是隔绝的。”可知，历史学家们认为古代中国与外界是隔绝的。故选A。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段But in the Chinese world, you’ve got just ‎10cm tall “但在中国人的世界里，你只有10厘米高。”可知，关于公元前220年以前的中国古代泥塑，我们能推断出它们都很小。故选A。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 标题判断题。通读全文尤其是根据第二段“Mr Snow explains historians have long believed Ancient China remained separated from the rest of the world. But the Terracotta Army could disprove that theory. 历史学家长期以来一直认为，古代中国与世界其他地区是隔绝的，但兵马俑可以推翻这一理论。”最后一段This couldn’t be more important, because it’s always been assumed that China developed in isolation（隔离）. But if that’s not the case, if the First Emperor of China imported western ideas and techniques to create his extraordinary arts, that forces us to completely rewrite the history books. 这再重要不过了，因为人们总是认为中国是孤立发展的。但事实并非如此，如果中国的第一个皇帝引进西方的思想和技术来创造他非凡的艺术，那就迫使我们完全重写历史书。可知，短文的最佳标题为 D项Historians Reconsidering the Remote Past of China（历史学家重新审视中国遥远的过去）故选D。‎ ‎【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了鸟类迁徙的相关知识，包括迁徙的原因以及影响迁徙的因素。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段Birds migrate to find the richest and most abundant food that will provide adequate energy to raise young birds. If no birds migrated. competition for adequate food during breeding（繁殖）seasons would be fierce and many birds would starve.“鸟类迁徙是为了寻找最丰富的食物，以提供足够的能量来喂养幼鸟。如果没有鸟类迁徙。在繁殖季节争夺足够的食物的竞争将是激烈的，许多鸟将会饿死。”可知，如果没有迁徙，鸟类就会因食物不足而挨饿。故选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第三段Other birds are better adapted to cold climates with thicker fat reserves and better feathers, and they can survive long cold seasons... “其他鸟类更能适应寒冷的气候，有更厚的脂肪储备和更好的羽毛，它们能在漫长的寒冷季节生存下来。”可知，这些不迁徙的鸟类在冬天会寻找冬季食物。由此推知划线词的意思是“寻找”。故选C。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段The distance the birds must fly, the length of time it takes to mate and the amount of young birds all affect when any one species is migrating.“鸟类必须飞行的距离、交配所需的时间以及幼鸟的数量都会影响到任何一个物种的迁徙。”由此判断出，鸟类的迁徙受到很多因素的影响。故选D。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段Migratory birds have several changes before the journey. Among them is hyperphagia, the process of migration-related weight gain. As daylight changes and migration times near, a bird’s hormone levels will change and they will build a greater fat supply. “候鸟在旅行前有几个变化。其中一种是食欲过盛，即与迁移有关的体重增加。随着日光的变化和迁徙时间的临近，鸟类的荷尔蒙水平会发生变化，它们会积累更多的脂肪。”可知，在迁徙前，他们将储存足够的能量以备迁徙之需。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer, suggest, imply, conclude indicate等标志性词语。本题第3小题，根据倒数第二段The distance the birds must fly, the length of time it takes to mate and the amount of young birds all affect when any one ‎ species is migrating.“鸟类必须飞行的距离、交配所需的时间以及幼鸟的数量都会影响到任何一个物种的迁徙。”可知，鸟类的迁徙受到很多因素的影响。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】16. C 17. F 18. A 19. G 20. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究——我们都是撒谎者。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据上文提示“我们看到的都是大谎言。”再根据下文提示“我们认为，我们与伯尼•马多夫(Bernie Madoff)或老虎•伍兹(Tiger Woods)等大骗子有着根本的不同。”承接上下文，C项But when we think to ourselves, we believe we could never do that.（但当我们思考时，我们相信我们永远不可能做到那样。）切题。故选C。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据上句提示“心理学和行为经济学教授丹•艾瑞里(Dan Ariely)在他的《关于不诚实的诚实真相》(The Honest Truth about)一书中谈到了这一点。”承接上文，F项 He found what separates honest people from not honest people is not necessarily character, but chance.（他发现，诚实的人与不诚实的人之间的区别不一定是性格，而是机会。）切题。故选F。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据上文提示“作为人类，我们似乎是天生的说谎者。”承接上文，A项Most people tell some kind of lies every day.（大多数人每天都在说谎。）切题。故选A。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据上句提示“他认为国税局应该让人们在开始纳税时保证诚实，而不是在完税后。”承接上文，G项Setting the stage for honesty is more effective than asking someone after the fact whether or not they lied.（为诚实搭建舞台比事后问别人是否撒谎更有效。）切题。故选G。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据上文提示“艾瑞里说，关于诚实的研究并不都是负面的。”再根据下文提示“但我们通常不会冒这个险。”承接上下文，D项We have plenty of chances to lie and cheat, without getting caught.（我们有足够的机会撒谎和欺骗，而不被发现。）切题。故选D。‎ 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ ‎【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. D 39. A 40. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了一个小姑娘给非洲地区捐献蚊帐，从而对抗疟疾的故事。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她看了一部关于非洲的纪录片，里面提到平均每30秒就有一个孩子死于疟疾，疟疾是由蚊子叮咬引起的。A. showed展示；B. watched观看；C. made制作；D. broadcast广播。她在观看一部关于非洲记录片的时候，记录片中提到非洲有很多孩子死于疟疾，故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她看了一部关于非洲的纪录片，里面提到平均每30秒就有一个孩子死于疟疾，疟疾是由蚊子叮咬引起的。A. mentioned提到；B. counted计算；C. inferred推测；D. witnessed目击。根据第22空后的on average, every 30 seconds one child died of malaria（疟疾）there可知，此处指纪录片里“提到”。故选A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使她感到惊讶，但也促使她做一些事情来挽救他们的生命。A. nervous紧张的；B. guilty内疚的；C. skeptical怀疑的；D. astonished感到震惊的。平均每30秒就有一个孩子死于疟疾，这让她感到很震惊，故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这使她感到惊讶，但也促使她做一些事情来挽救他们的生命。A. forced强迫；B. commanded命令；C. motivated激发；D. assisted援助。此处指，同时这也激发了她要帮助非洲孩子做些事情，故选C。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，凯瑟琳开始为蚊帐筹集资金，这样非洲人就不用忍受疟疾了。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Instead反而。此处承接上文，为因果关系。故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，凯瑟琳开始为蚊帐筹集资金，这样非洲人就不用忍受疟疾了。A. providing提供；B. earning挣得；C. raising提高；D. accepting接受。通过下文 donated money可知，凯瑟琳开始为蚊帐筹集资金。故选C。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词组辨析。句意：因此，凯瑟琳开始为蚊帐筹集资金，这样非洲人就不用遭受疟疾之苦了。A. recover from痊愈；B. talk about谈论；C. suffer from遭受；D. know about了解。根据“malaria”可知，帮助非洲的人们不遭受疟疾的痛苦，故选C。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过与她的家人制作手工装饰的证书，并把它们送给那些捐钱的人。A. certificates证书；B. invitations邀请；C. recommendations推荐；D. instructions用法说明。根据下文“giving them to those who donated money”可知，应该是她和家人手写证书，送给那些捐钱的人。故选A。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：凯瑟琳激励人们加入她的行列。A. join加入；B. consult咨询；C. challenge挑战；D. defeat击败。根据下文“People were touched by her ___31___, which went beyond age and race, ___32___ were pouring in from around the world.”可知，此处指，她激励大家与她一起帮助非洲人，故选A。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的故事被贴在“Nothing But Nets”的网站上。A. advice建议；B. story故事；C. article文章；D. address地址。根据上文开始为蚊帐筹集资金可知，她筹钱她的故事被分享到了网上，人们被她的同情心所感动，故选B。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们被她的同情心所感动，这种同情心超越了年龄和种族，来自世界各地的捐款源源不断。A. politeness礼貌；B. innocence无辜，天真；C. bravery勇敢，勇气；D. sympathy同情。根据上文 “Katherine started 　26　 money for mosquito nets so that Africans don’t have to 　27　 malaria.”，可知，她的“同情”感动了人们。故选D。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们被她的同情心所感动，这种同情心超越了年龄和种族，来自世界各地的捐款源源不断。A. Donations捐献；B. Letters信；C. Reporters记者；D. Listeners听众。根据上文“The idea of donating ”可知，源源不断的捐助就从世界各地蜂拥而至，故选A。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，凯瑟琳似乎仍然不满足。A. unsettled不平稳的；B. unmoved未被感动的；C. unhealthy不健康的D. unsatisfied不满意的。根据下文She and her ‎ friends wrote letters to the 34 who were on the list of The World’s Billionaires, 　35　 they could contribute money. 可知，她对此并不满足。故选D。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她和她的朋友们给世界富豪榜上的富豪们写信，希望他们能捐钱。A. aged年老的；B. learned有学问的；C. famous著名的；D. rich有钱的。根据第34空后的who were on the list of The World’s Billionaires 可知，她希望“富人”捐款。The rich意为“富人们”。故选D。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和她的朋友们给世界富豪榜上的富豪们写信，希望他们能捐钱。A. warning警告；B. hoping希望；C. informing告知；D. confirming确认。根据第35空后的they could contribute money.可知，希望有钱人“捐款”。故选B。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：收到这封信后，比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会宣布将捐赠300万美元。A. insisted坚持；B. realized意识到；C. Stressed强调；D. declared宣布。在接到Katherine的信后，这个基金会宣布他们将捐献300万美金，故选D。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：另外，为了让更多人了解 katherine 的事迹，基金会投资拍摄了一部公益纪录片。A. Additionally另外；B. Luckily幸运地；C. Actually事实上；D. Obviously明显地。此处指，（除了捐300万美金）另外，这个基金会还把Katherine的事迹拍成了记录片，让更多的人知道，故选A。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另外，为了让更多人了解 katherine 的事迹，基金会投资拍摄了一部公益纪录片。A. diseases疾病；B. troubles麻烦；C. families家庭；D. deeds事迹。根据第38空后的the foundation invested（投资）in filming a public welfare documentary.可知，投资拍摄公益纪录片，是为了宣传她的“事迹”。故选D。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：多亏了凯瑟琳，非洲儿童死于疟疾的频率已经降低到每120秒一人。A. resulting发生，产生；B. changing改变；C. growing生长；D. escaping逃离。根据上文every 30 seconds one child died of malaria（疟疾）there可知，孩子是死于疟疾，所以用resulting from。故选A。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她证明了没有人会因为太年轻而不能把世界变成一个更好的地方。A. forgetful健忘的；B. clumsy笨拙的；C. young年轻的；D. poor可怜的，贫穷的。根据even though she was only a little girl.可知，她证明了没有人会因为太年轻而不能把世界变成一个更好的地方。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】在做完形填空时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more/though等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第25小题，句意：因此，凯瑟琳开始为蚊帐筹集资金，这样非洲人就不用忍受疟疾了。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Instead反而。此处承接上文，为因果关系。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】41. unwilling 42. settling 43. graduates 44. was filled 45. to/into 46. to travel 47. a 48. where 49. improved 50. entirely ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了在时代变迁中，一个中国人及其家人的生活所发生的变化。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查固定结构。句意：通常中国人的故乡意识很浓，不愿意迁徙到别的地方去。固定结构：be willing to do sth.“愿意做某事”；be unwilling to do sth.“不愿意做某事”。结合句意。故填unwilling。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查动名词。句意：然而，在当今时代，特别是改革开放以后，越来越多的人想要像我的家人一样在更发达的城市定居下来。固定搭配： fancy doing sth.想要做某事。故填settling。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查名词复数。句意：1963年，那个时候大学毕业生是由政府包分配的，我父亲在北京找到了一份工作。根据谓语were assigned可知，主语为复数，此处用名词复数表示“泛指”。故填graduates。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：20世纪80年代，中国社会充满希望，人们为实现梦想而努力工作。根据句意可知，时态应为一般过去时，且be filled with意为“充满”‎ 为固定短语。故填was filled。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：1988年考入中国人民大学。固定搭配： be admitted to/into被……录取。故填to/into。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查动词不定式。句意：从新疆到北京，我坐了72个小时的火车，行程3770多公里。固定句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”，句中动词不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语。故填to travel。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：从新疆到北京，我坐了72个小时的火车，行程3770多公里。固定搭配： with a distance of ...距离为……。故填a。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：1990年，我的弟弟也通过了入学考试，考上了广州的一所大学，现在在那里生活和工作。句中 where引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Guangzhou在句中作地点状语。故填where。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查过去分词作前置定语。句意：回顾过去40年的变化，我认为交通的改善对我们的家庭非常重要。此处improve和transportation之间是被动关系，是过去分词作前置定语，故填improved。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：今天，交通的速度和方式都有了很大的改善，这完全改变了我们的生活，可以让我们很容易在一起。此处transformed是动词，用副词entirely修饰。故填entirely。‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎【答案】1. held→ holding；2.Hand→Hands；3.them→it/this；4. deliberate→ deliberately； 5.and→but；6.在in和air之间加the；7.covering→covered；8.把worth后面的of去掉；9.comes→come；10.that→who ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一位著名演讲者用一张20美元纸币做的实验。他把纸币扔在地上，弄脏，人们仍然想要，因为纸币的价值没变。文章告诉我们“在你的生活中，有很多次，你所做的决定、所处的环境和遇到的困难把你抛入尘土，你可能会觉得自己毫无价值。但是对你的家人来说，你仍然是无价的，他们爱你，依赖你。”‎ ‎【详解】1.考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：“谁想要这20美元纸币?”一位著名的演讲者举起一张20美元纸币问道。此处句子主语speaker和hold之间是主动关系，是现在分词作伴随状语，故把held改成holding。‎ ‎2.考查名词复数。句意：开始有人举手。因为举手的人不止一个，所以用名词复数，故把Hand改成Hands。‎ ‎3.考查代词。句意：我将把它给你们中的一个，但首先，让我这样做。因为a $20 bill是单数形式，用it或this指代，故把them改成it/this。‎ ‎4.考查并列连词。句意：我将把它给你们中的一个，但首先，让我这样做。句中前后是一种转折关系，故把and改成but。‎ ‎5.考查副词。句意：他把它放在地上，故意用鞋一遍又一遍地踩它。此处stepped是动词，由副词修饰，故把deliberate改成deliberately。‎ ‎6.考查过去分词。句意：他把它捡了起来，现在上面沾满了泥土。固定词组：be covered with“”被…覆盖”。此处是过去分词做状语，故把covering改成covered。‎ ‎7.考查冠词。句意：仍然有很多手举在空中。固定词组：in the air“在空中”。故在in和air之间加the。‎ ‎8.考查固定用法。句意：因为它没有贬值，并且仍然值20美元。固定用法：be worth+金钱“值…...”。故把worth后面的of去掉。‎ ‎9.考查主谓一致。句意：在你的生活中，有很多次，你所做的决定、所处的环境和遇到的困难把你抛入尘土，你可能会觉得自己毫无价值。此处difficulties是先行词，是复数形式，在后面的定语从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词用复数形式，故把comes改成come。‎ ‎10．考查定语从句。句意：但是对你的家人来说，你仍然是无价的，他们爱你，依赖你。此处members是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作主语，且that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故把that改成who。‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎【答案】Dear Louis,‎ I am Li Hua, monitor of Class 4. I am writing to ask for your timely help about the coming ‎ English Drama Contest.‎ It is a great chance for us to practice spoken English and unite the whole class. But we haven’t chosen the right play to prepare. So I hope you can provide some valuable advice and help us pick a good one. Besides, we would really appreciate it very much if you could come and give us some guidance on how to perform. I am sure, with your help, we will make progress rapidly. ‎ Your timely help means a lot to us. Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假如你是班长李华，你们班准备参加学校下个月举办的“英文话剧比赛”（English Drama Contest），但尚未确定参演剧目，请你给外教Louis写封邮件，内容包括：1.活功意义；2.征求建议；3.请其指导。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：writing to ask for your timely help about the coming English Drama Contest（写信请求你的及时帮助关于即将到来的英语戏剧比赛）；a great chance for us to practice spoken English（这是我们练习英语口语的好机会）；provide some valuable advice and help us pick a good one（提供一些有价值的建议，帮助我们选择一个好的）；等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。It is a great chance for us to practice spoken English and unite the whole class.动词不定式作形式主语；we would really appreciate it very much if you could come and give us some guidance on how to perform.使用固定句型，其中it是形式宾语。‎