2020-2021年高三英语一轮复习易错题《介词和介词短语》

2020-2021年高三英语一轮复习易错题《介词和介词短语》

2020-2021 年高三英语一轮复习易错题《介词和介词短语》 易错题：more...than... （2020·新课标 I 卷，语法填空，1.5 分）The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side. 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是固定搭配记忆不牢。 【问诊】句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级 more so 可知， 此处填介词 than，表示“比……更”。故填 than。 【答案】than 【叮嘱】more than 与 more …than 短语在英语中使用得十分广泛。但其用法和意义并不简 单，一不留神就可能用错。因为 more than 与 more …than 除了具备其基本用法外，还有些 特殊用法。理解和翻译时要特别小心，不能一看到 more than 就简单地按照字面上的意思将 其理解为“比……更……”或“超过”等，而是要根据上下文找出 more than 短语的确切含 义 more than 相当于一个形容词或副词短语，在句中作定语或状语，修饰其后的动词、副词、 数词或名词等。 一. more than 的用法 1. more than 后跟数词，相当于 over，翻译成“……多、超过……”等，强调某物数量上超 出某一范围。 More than 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake. 地震中有一千五百多人遇难。 2. more than 后跟名词或动名词，相当于 over, not just, not only，表示“不只是、不仅仅是” 等。例如： She is more than a teacher to us, she is our friend. 他不只是教师，她还是我们的朋友。 3. more than 后跟动词、形容词、副词、或介词，相当于 very, much, not only, especially，表 示“不仅、十分、非常、很、更加、非但”等。例如： She was dressed more than simply. 她的穿着简朴得近乎寒酸。 4. more than 后跟从句，相当于 not only, over 等，表示“不仅仅是……、超过……、难以……、， 简直不能……”等，从句中常用 can 或 could。例如： The hurt and pain were more than he could stand. 他无法承受那些伤害和痛苦。 二. more than 的否定结构 more than 的否定结构是 no more than 和 not more than，但两者意义和用法各不相同。no more than 后跟名词或数词，相当于 only，表示“仅仅、只有”，含有嫌少的感情色彩；而 not more than 后跟名词或数词，相当于 at most, no less than，表示“至多、不超过”，不含嫌少的感 情色彩。例如： We’ve learned no more than 9 lessons this term. 本学期我们只学了 9 课课文。（含有嫌少的 感情色彩） We haven’t learned more than 9 lessons this term. 本学期我们至多学了 9 课课文。（客观叙 述，不含嫌少的感情色彩） 三. more … than 的用法 1. more … than 的基本用法 在 more … than 结构中，more 是 much 或 many 的比较级，修饰形容词、副词、介词、动词 或名词，相当于 greater, in a greater degree，表示“比……更”，其前可以受 a lot, much, many, far, by far, a little, a bit, still 等修饰，比较的两部分并不要求用完全相同的词类。例如： Sound travels much more slowly than light. 声音比光的传播慢得多。 You get more tired when you lift a heavy load than a light one. 挑东西多比挑东西少累人。 2. more … than 的特殊用法 more … than 后跟形容词、副词、动词、名词等，一般情况下，要求 more 后部分和 than 后部分词类相同，但偶尔也有例外。表示“与其说……不如说、是……不是、是……更是、 有……无……”等。例如： He is more dead than alive. 与其说他还活在人世，不如说他是行尸走肉。 She is more shy than unsocial. 她是害羞而不是不爱交际。 变式练习 1.（2020·新课标 II 卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. 【答案】than 【解析】句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than 不仅仅，不只是。故填 than。 2. （翻译）How he manages to live is more than I can tell. 【答案】他是如何生活的，我猜不透。 3.【2016·浙江】I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming years A. little more B. no more C.much more D.many more 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动并且希望在未来的几年里参加更多的活动。 A.没有这个搭配；B.不再；C.多得多（修饰不可数名词）；D. many more 更多（修饰可数名 词）。这里修饰的是上文的 activities。故选 D。 易错题：介词＋名词 短语 （2020 年新课标全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空，1.5 分）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70． earth, Mother Nature. 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是对短语记忆不清。 【问诊】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。 结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为 on earth。故填 on。 【答案】on 【叮嘱】 1. 解题方法：分析句子成分, 如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名 词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。 2. 介词＋名词 短语 1．at＋名词 at a loss 不知所措 at dinner 在吃晚餐 at peace 处于和平状态 at dawn 在黎明 at war 在战争中 at work 在工作 2．其他高频介词短语 against time 争分夺秒 at the sight of 一看到…… at the age of 在……岁时 in (the) face of 面对；面临 in addition(to) 另外；除了 in case of 万一 in charge of 负责；主管 in favour of 赞成；支持 in need of 需要 in no time 立刻 in a hurry 匆忙 in preparation for 为……做准备 in return for 作为回报 of help/use 有帮助的/有用的 of importance 重要的 on behalf of 代表 3．by＋名词 by accident 偶然地 by chance 偶然地 by force 用暴力 by hand 手工地 by mistake 错误地 by the month 按月算 4．beyond＋名词 beyond comparison 无与伦比 beyond control 失控 beyond description 难以描述 beyond doubt 毋庸置疑 beyond expression 难以表达 beyond(one's) reach 够不到 5．in＋名词 in bed 在床上 in danger 处于危险中 in debt 负债 in difficulty 处于困难中 in high spirits 情绪高昂 in need 处于困难中 in order 整齐；井然有序 in surprise 吃惊地 in trouble 在困难中 in use 使用中 6．on＋名词 on a trip 在旅行 on business 出差 on display/show 在展出 on duty 在值班 on holiday/vacation 在度假 on sale 在出售 on strike 在罢工 on the way 在途中 7．out of＋名词 out of balance 失去平衡 out of control 失去控制 out of danger 脱离危险 out of date 过期 out of order 出故障 out of work 失业 8．under＋名词 under consideration 在考虑中 under construction 在建造中 under control 在控制之下 under discussion 在讨论中 under pressure 在压力下 under repair 在修理中 under treatment 在治疗中 变式练习 1.（2020·江苏卷）Taking on this challenge will bring you _____ someone who shares your interests. A. in exchange for B. in answer to C. in contact with D. in memory of 【答案】C 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A. in exchange for 作为交换；B. in answer to 回答；C. in contact with 接触，与……有联系；D. in memory of 纪念。根据空后 someone who shares your interests 及常识可知，此处指“和与你有 共同兴趣的人接触”。故选 C。 2.（2020·天津卷）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey. A．in the shape of B．beyond the reach of C．at the mercy of D．on the side of 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。 A. in the shape of 呈……形状；B. beyond the reach of 超出……的能力之外 C. at the mercy of 受……的支配；D. on the side of 拥护……，站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选 A。 3.【2019·江苏卷·】Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development. A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect 实际上；B. in command 指挥；C. in turn 轮流，依次；D. in shape 在外形上，处于良好 的状态。故选 A。 4.【2019·新课标 III 卷】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. 【答案】of 【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填 of。 易错题：to 为介词 （2020 年浙江卷，语法填空，1.5 分）But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. 【错因】本题容易出错的主要原因是记不清 to 为介词的场合。 【问诊】句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案 是……”。 【答案】to 【叮嘱】 be related to 与…有关系 be/get/become used to 习惯于 be given to 喜欢；癖好 be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾 be opposed to 反对 devote oneself to 献身于；专心于 be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于 be admitted to 被…录取；准进入 be reduced to 沦为 reduce…to…使…沦为 be attached to 附属于；喜欢；依恋 be adjusted to 适应 be known to 为…所知 be married to 和…结婚 be sentenced to 被判处 be connected to 和…连在一起 be exposed to 暴露于；遭受 be compared to 被比喻成 compare… to…把…比作… be/become/ get accustomed to//accustomed to 惯于；有…习惯 be engaged to 与…订婚 get down to 着手做 lead to 导致 object to 反对；不喜欢；不赞成 put one’s mind to 全神贯注于 give rise to 引起 look forward to 盼望 pay attention to 注意 stick to 坚持 attend to 专心；注意；照料； see to 负责；注意 contribute to 对…作贡献；有助于 make contributions to 对…作贡献 apply oneself to 致力于 come close to 几乎；将近 reply to 回答 add to 增加 add up to 加起来 in addition to 除…之外 turn to 转向；求助于 feel up to 能胜任于 look up to 尊敬 admit to 承认 belong to 属于 take to 喜爱；开始 cling to 附着 fall to 开始 respond to 回答；对…作出回应 accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于 amount to 等于 set an example to 给…树立榜样 refer to 谈到；参考；查阅 agree to sth. 同意某事 （比较：agree to do sth. 同意做某事） prefer… to…更喜欢 take/make a trip to 到…地方去 join…to…把…和 …连接起来 turn a blind eye to 对…视而不见 turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻 show honour to 向…表示敬意 put an end to(bring… to an end) 结束 drink (a toast) to 为……干杯 propose a toast to 提议…… set fire to 放火烧…… happen to… 发生了……事 occur to sb. 想起；想到 total up to 总计达 be close to 几乎；将近 hold to 坚持；抓住 help oneself to 随便用…… hold on to 抓住；固守 do harm to 对……有害处 do wrong to 冤枉某人 date back to 追溯到 come to 来到；达到；结果为 (比较：come to do sth 逐渐做某事) when it comes to… 谈到……时 give an eye to 着眼于 have an eye to doing 打算 describe to 向……描述 treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃…… trust sth. to sb.把某物委托给某人 pay a visit to 参观…… the key to ……的答案 access to 进入；取得的方法 on one’s way to 在去某处的路上；在达成某事的过程中 be a stranger to 不习惯；对……陌生 be kind to 对……和善 be important to 对……重要 be senior to 年龄长于…… be junior to 年龄小于…… be equal to 和……相等 be particular to ……所特有的 （比较：be particular about 对……过于讲究；挑剔） be subject to 服从；隶属；易遭受患 be familiar to 为 ……熟悉 be similar to 和……相似 be open to 对……开放 be loyal to 对……忠诚 be helpful to 对……有益处 be useful to 对……有用 be good to sb 对某人好 （比较：be good for 对……有益处） be bad to 对……不好 be bad for（比较：对……有害处） be new to 对……不习惯；对……陌生 next to（否定词前）几乎；next to ……的旁边 due to 由于；归因于…… be due to do sth.预定要做某事 owing to 由于；因……的缘故 thanks to 多亏了；由于 as to 关于；至于 in/with regard to 关于 in/with relation to 关于；就……而论 according to 根据 subject to 在……条件下；依照 变式练习 1. The engine of the plane was out of order and the thunderstorm ______ the helplessness of the pilot in the sky. A. added to B. made up C.led to D. took over 【答案】A 【解析】句意：飞机的引擎坏了,雷雨加深了飞行员在天空中的无助。add to 加入，增加到 lead to 导致，通向 2. It was foolish of him to _______ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished. A. stick to B. refer to C. keep to D. point to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他愚蠢地在这么重要的测试上翻笔记,因此,他得到了惩罚。 A.stick to 坚持 B. refer to 参考 C. keep to 坚持，遵守 D. point to 指向 易错题通关 1. （2017·（全国Ⅰ））This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) ____ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease... 【答案】as 【解析】考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，表示"作为一种抵御心脏病的 方式"，所以填 as，意为"作为"。 2. （2017·（全国Ⅱ））It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ____work. 【答案】from 【解析】考查介词。此处是指"当他们来回上下班时"。 3. （2017·(全国Ⅲ)）After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ____ engineering or architecture. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介词。degree 与介词 in 搭配，表示在某方面的学位。故填 in。 4. （2017·北京）Many people who live along the coast make a living ____the fishing industry. 【答案】in 【解析】句意：沿海地区的许多人靠渔业为生。根据句意，空处用 in 表示"在……方面"。 5. （2017·天津）When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ____trees that are over 1,000 years old. 【答案】among 【解析】句意：当你开车穿行于加利福尼亚州的红木森林时，你就会被有一千多年树龄的树 木包围着。这里用介词 among " "，与前面的 through the Redwood Forests 呼应。 6. （2017·全国Ⅱ改错）They have also bought for some gardening tools. 【答案】去掉 for 【解析】考查介词。buy 为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，而 buy sth. for sb.意为"为某人买某 物"。 7.（2017·全国Ⅲ 改错）When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. 【答案】删除 of 【解析】考查介词。realize 后接宾语从句，介词 of 多余。 8. （2017·江苏）Determining where we are ____ relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. 【答案】in 【解析】in relation to "关于，相对某事物而言"，符合句意。 9. （2017·天津）We offer an excellent education to our students. ____ return, we expect students to work hard. 【答案】In 【解析】句意：我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育，作为回报，我们期待学生能努力学习。 根据句意，这里用介词短语 In return 表示"作为回报"。 10. （2017·江苏）—What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean? —It’s nothing. Just something ____ the top of my head. 【答案】off 【解析】 题干中的"It’s nothing"说明 T 恤衫上的东西不是经过精心设计的，因此用 off the top of my head 表示 "不假思索地"。 11.（2017·（全国Ⅰ）改错）It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 【答案】on→of 【解析】考查固定搭配。in the middle of 意为"在……的中间"，故把 on 改为 of。 11. （2017·江苏）Working with the medical team in Africa has brought____ the best in her as a doctor. 【答案】out 【解析】 句意：在非洲参与的医疗队工作彰显了她作为一名医生的最好的一面。bring out " 使显现，使表现出"，符合句意。 12. （2017·天津）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle____, get married, and have kids. 【答案】down 【解析】句意：Brown 夫妇希望看到女儿安定下来，结婚生子。空处应与后面的"get married, and have kids"语意衔接，故用 settle down 表示"安顿下来"。 语篇填空： Passage 1 Qiang Shuping was so busy making cloth shoes __1__ she didn't even rest during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday.The woman from Baipu County, Jiangsu Province, __2__ (make) shoes since she was 19 years old, and this year marks her 31st year making cloth shoes. She spends the entire day in her tiny studio, which measures less than 10 square meters altogether, filled with cloth shoes in __3__ (vary) stages of completion. Nowadays, many stores make cloth shoes __4__ (use) machines, but Qiang sticks to the technique of making shoes entirely __5__ hand.She says the shoes __6__ (produce) by the machine are not of the same quality as handmade ones.The handmade cloth shoes are more durable and comfortable, __7__ (soft), and absorb sweat better. Some people buy cloth shoes out of nostalgia(怀旧), while __8__trust their quality.Making shoes isn't __9__ profitable job, but Qiang still insists as she wants to preserve the craft and pass it down to the younger generation. Handmade cloth shoes are also called qiancengdi (shoes with a thousand layers)，__10__ can date back to the ancient Zhou Dynasty.In 2009, the making technique of qiancengdi was listed as the national intangible cultural heritage. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了强淑萍手工做布鞋的故事，并介绍了布鞋的 特点以及布鞋的悠久历史。 1．that 考查固定搭配。so ...that ...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句。强淑萍 忙着做布鞋以至于甚至在端午节假期期间她都没有休息。故填 that。 2．has made/has been making 考查时态。根据“since she was 19 years old，”可知，她 从 19 岁开始做布鞋，一直持续到现在，并有可能一直持续下去，故用现在完成时或现在完 成进行时。故填 has made/has been making。 3．various 考查形容词。空处修饰名词 stages。故用形容词形式。装满了处在不同的 完工阶段的布鞋。故填 various。 4．using 考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语“many stores”和动词 use 之间为主谓关系，use 的 动作伴随 make 动作而发生，故用现在分词。如今，许多商店用机器制造布鞋。故填 using。 5．by 考查介词。固定搭配：by hand 手工。但强淑萍坚持完全用手工技术制作鞋子。 故填 by。 6．produced 考查非谓语动词。名词 shoes 和 produce 之间是动宾关系，该处表示动 作已经完成，故用过去分词作后置定语。她说机器生产的鞋子和手工制作的鞋质量不一样。 故填 produced。 7．softer 考查形容词比较级。根据前面的“more durable”和后面的 better 可知此处用比 较级。手工布鞋更耐用舒适，柔软，吸收汗水更好。故填 softer。 8．others 考查代词。这里 others 和前面的“some people”对比使用，表示“有些”的意 思。而一些人则相信它们的品质。故填 others。 9．a 考查冠词。名词 job 为单数可数名词，故前用不定冠词 a。做鞋子不是赚钱的工 作。故填 a。 10．which 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 qiancengdi，故用 which 引导该定语从句。手工布鞋也称为“千层底”，可以追溯到古代的 周朝。故填 which。 Passage 2 The State Hermitage Museum in St.Petersburg, is ___1__ second largest art museum in the world after the Louvre, France, both of which are visited by millions of people ___2__(annual)．Hermitage holds not only artistic treasures but also a collection of living history __3__ well. The Hermitage was built as part of the royal Russian family's Winter Palace.Empress Elizabeth had cats brought in ___4__(rid) the several palace buildings of mice.The cats did their job well and __5__(give) homes in the basements of the buildings and the title of Hermitage cats. The 74 Hermitage cats live at the museum __6__ they now lead an extremely __7__(comfort) life.A press secretary is in charge of the cats, with three full•time caretakers __8__(attend) to their every need.There are even kitchens for preparing meals for the cats because every cat has its own __9__(prefer)．This may all seem over the top, but Russian and foreign __10__(visit) alike love seeing the Hermitage cats while admiring some of the world's greatest artistic treasures. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆的猫。 1．the 考查冠词。句意：圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆是继法国卢浮宫之后世界第二大艺术博 物馆，每年都有数以百万计的游客参观。“the＋序数词”表示“第几”。故填 the。 2．annually 考查副词。句意参见上题解析。修饰动词应用副词形式，故填 annually。 3．as 考查固定短语。句意：圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆不仅收藏着艺术珍品，还收藏着活 的历史。as well“也，和”为固定短语，置于句末。故填 as。 4．to rid 考查非谓语动词。句意：伊丽莎白女王让人把猫带进宫殿，来消灭几座宫殿 里的老鼠。分析句子可知，此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。 5．were given 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这些猫干得很好，它们被安置在大楼的 地下室里，并被授予“冬宫奇猫”的称号。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，主语 cats 与谓语动词 give 之间为被动关系。故填 were given。 6．where 考查定语从句。句意：74 只冬宫猫生活在博物馆里，它们现在过着极其舒 适的生活。分析句子可知，museum 为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填 where。 7．comfortable 考查词性转换。句意参见上题解析。修饰名词 life，应用形容词形式， 故填 comfortable。 8．attending 考查非谓语动词。句意：负责这些猫的是一位新闻秘书，有三位全职的 看护人员负责照顾它们的一切需要。分析句子可知，本句为 with 的复合结构，在句中作状 语，three full•time caretakers 与 attend 在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词 attending。 9．preference 考查词性转换。句意：甚至还有厨房为猫们准备食物，因为每一只猫都 有它自己的喜好。own 为形容词修饰名词，故填 preference。 10．visitors 考查名词复数。句意：这一切看起来似乎都有些夸张，但俄罗斯人和外国 游客都喜欢在欣赏一些世界上最伟大的艺术作品的同时，欣赏冬宫猫。分析句意可知，本句 在说俄罗斯人和外国游客，所以应填 visitor。又因为 visitor 为可数名词，在本句中指很多的 游客，故填 visitors。