2017-2018学年广东省潮州市高二下学期期末考试英语试题-解析版

2017-2018学年广东省潮州市高二下学期期末考试英语试题-解析版

绝密★启用前 广东省潮州市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 评卷人 得分 一、阅读理解 CUSTOMER HEALTH:‎ A GUIDE TO INTELLIGENT DECISIONS Eighth softcover edition of leading college text covering all aspects of basic health strategy (策略) for consumers. Includes much information on food fashion and “alternative methods”. Thoroughly referenced. By Stephen Barrett, M. D．, William M. London, Ed. D．, Robert S. Baratz, M. D．, D． D． S., Ph. D．, and Manfred Kroger, Ph. D． 608 pages, $23.00.‎ CHIROPRACTIC (手疗法):THE GREATEST HOAX (骗局) OF THE CENTURY?‎ L. A． Chotkowski, M. D．, FACP, describes discoveries made during his half-century of medical practice. Includes reports of cases; the author’s observations at New York Chiropractic College, a chiropractic office, and a chiropractic lecture; and details of critical reports in the media. Second edition, softcover, 208 pages, $15.‎ THE WHOLE TOOTH The fundamental guide to protecting your dental health and your pocketbook. Covers preventive care, finding a good dentist, dental restoring, cosmetic dentistry, dental quackery (治疗) and fraud (假牙), and dental insurance programs, including managed care. By Marvin J. Schissel, D． D． S., and John E. Dodes, D． D． S. softcover, 284 pages, $10.‎ QUACKERY AND YOU The 32-page softcover brochure with special viewpoints by William Jarvis, Ph. D．, suitable for waiting rooms. $1.‎ To above prices, please add $3 for first book and $1 for each additional book for postage & handling. Foreign countries add $5 per book. Send orders to Quackwatch, P. O. Box 1747, Allen Avenue, NY 18105. The checks must be in US dollars. We cannot process credit card orders. Please use our order form from Amazon.com and include your ‎ email address.‎ ‎1．What do the four books have in common?‎ A． The contents. B． The dates of publication.‎ C． The prices. D． The means of cover packing.‎ ‎2．What can you do to search for more information about the books?‎ A． Buy the brochure. B． Visit Amazon.com.‎ C． Telephone the sellers. D． Write to the author.‎ ‎3．How much should a Canadian pay if he wants to buy all the four books?‎ A． $ 49 in total. B． $ 65 in total.‎ C． $ 69 in all. D． $ 23 in all.‎ ‎4．For whom is QUACKERY AND YOU designed?‎ A． Those waiting to see the doctor. B． Those who hold special opinions.‎ C． Those who order some medicine. D． Those studying the science of medicine.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1．D ‎2．B ‎3．C ‎4．A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇应用文，是一则广告，介绍了4本书籍的主要内容以及邮寄信息。‎ ‎1．细节理解题。根据对四本书的描述Eighth softcover edition of leading college text、Second edition, softcover、D. D. S. softcover和The 32-page softcover brochure可知这四本书都是软封面。故D项正确。‎ ‎2．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句Please use our order form from Amazon.com and include your email address.可知所有的订购信息都要发给Amazon，Amazon是这些书的订购网站，如果还想了解更多的信息，自然也应该去Amazon。故B项正确。‎ ‎3．细节理解题。四本书的价格总共49美元 ，根据最后一段第二句Foreign countries add $5 per book.可知外国顾客每本书还要加邮费5美元，一共69美元。故C项正确。‎ ‎4．推理判断题。根据第四本书的描述The 32-page softcover brochure with special viewpoints by William Jarvis, Ph. D., suitable for waiting rooms.可知这本书适合在等待的时候阅读，故A项“Those waiting to see the doctor”与这一信息吻合。‎ Balancing work and school is not an easy task for me. My first term in college has come and gone and I’ve had to balance a job there, too. I want to cut one loose. Honestly, many times I thought I wanted to drop out of school and just do my job because I needed the money. For a long while I made myself believe that school was getting in the way of my job and money. Not only was I trying to do work and school, but also I was trying to have a social life. Many times I thought that there were not enough hours in the day but I wasn’t managing my time right. Hanging out with friends may have been wonderful but it wasn’t putting money in my pocket or knowledge in my brain. Friends would have to wait. I was back on the see-saw (跷跷板) of balancing work and school.‎ Scheduling and planning became the key to my success. Setting deadlines and meeting them were important to my college experience. Planning was going well and I felt ready to try and throw a social life back there. I tried to make plans with friends that didn’t conflict with my deadlines. That was actually harder than I thought. So once again my social life had to be put on hold (搁置). My friends were very understanding and encouraged me to do my work. The extra motivation really proved helpful in the end. Some friends would joke that I was all work and no play but sometimes that’s what has to happen to get work done.‎ As the last term came to an end I can say I learned a lot about college life. Planning is necessary for organization. Drawing up a list of all things I had to do at the beginning of the week and actually completing them made me feel good. Not only have I learned something new about organization, but also I acquired a new tool that I can take everywhere with me and use effectively.‎ ‎5．The author wanted to drop out of school because .‎ A． he wanted to earn money B． he wasn’t good at managing his time C． he wanted to live an active social life D． he couldn’t do well in his studies ‎6．Why did the author stop hanging out with his friends?‎ A． He had to wait for them. B． It was a waste of time.‎ C． He didn’t need a social life. D． They didn’t understand him.‎ ‎7．How did the author succeed in balancing work and school?‎ A． By putting his studies first. B． By making plans with his friends.‎ C． By following his friends’ advice. D． By sticking to his schedule.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎5．A ‎6．B ‎7．D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文，作者在大学第一学期的时候，无法再学习和工作之间取得平衡，导致两方面都没有处理好。后来作者为之间制定了详细的计划，并按照计划完成每一项任务，在学习和工作之间取得了平衡。‎ ‎5．细节理解题。根据第一段第四句Honestly, many times I thought I wanted to drop out of school and just do my job because I needed the money.可知我想辍学是因为我需要工作挣钱养活自己。故A项正确。‎ ‎6．推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句Hanging out with friends may have been wonderful but it wasn’t putting money in my pocket or knowledge in my brain.和朋友出去逛街非常好 ，但是它不能给我带来钱，也带不来知识。所以和朋友逛街就是浪费时间。故B项正确。‎ ‎7．推理判断题。根据第二段前两句Scheduling and planning became the key to my success. Setting deadlines and meeting them were important to my college experience.可知做成功的关键是事先做好计划，并在最后期限到来之前完成计划好的任务。也就是说作者成功的关键在于坚持事先的计划安排。故D项正确。‎ In 1863, the great novelist Jules Verne wrote a novel called Paris in the Twentieth Century. In the book he used the full power of his great ability to forecast the coming century. Unfortunately, the manuscript (手稿) was lost until his great-grandson happened to discover it lying in a safe where it had been carefully locked away for almost 130 years. Realizing what a treasure he had found, he arranged to have it published in 1994, and it became a bestseller at once.‎ Back in 1863, kings still ruled the ancient world in Europe, with so many poor people working in the fields. And steam power was just beginning to change the world. But Verne predicted that Paris in 1960 would have glass skyscrapers, air conditioning, TV, high-speed trains, gas-powered vehicles, and even something similar to the Internet. Verne descibed life in modem Paris almost without any mistakes.‎ Just two years later Verne made another amazing prediction. He wrote From the Earth to the Moon, in which he predicted the details of the task that sent several astronauts to the moon 100 years later in 1969. He correctly predicted ‎ the size of the space capsule, the number of astronauts who would carry out the task, the weightlessness that the astronauts would experience, and the final landing in the ocean.‎ How was Jules Verne able to predict 100 years into the future successfully? Although he was not a scientist himself, Verne often turned to scientists, asking them questions about their opinions of the future. He collected a vast amount of information about the great scientific discoveries of his time. Verne realized that science would make it possible for many amazing things to appear in the future. The secret of his successful prediction was his belief in the power of science to change society.‎ ‎8．Paris in the Twentieth Century is a novel that .‎ A． was published long after it was finished B． didn’t sell well when published at first C． took Jules Verne five years to finish D． people thought badly of at first ‎9．The third paragraph is mainly about .‎ A． the requirements of being an astronaut B． how From the Earth to the Moon was created C． what From the Earth to the Moon is about D． the differences between the earth and the moon ‎10．According to the text, Jules Verne .‎ A． could predict what would happen to someone B． was a great scientist and novelist C． had Paris in the Twentieth Century published in 1994‎ D． showed strong interest in writing and science ‎11．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A． The early life of Jules Verne B． Jules Verne: A writer ahead of his time C． Jules Verne’s opinions about science D． Jules Verne’s inventions came true ‎【答案】‎ ‎8．A ‎9．C ‎10．D ‎11．B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了法国著名的作家凡尔纳，在100多年前就对未来科技的发展做出了精准的预测，并写下了多本预测未来的书籍，书中内容与未来的科技发展非常吻合。可以说他是一个有前瞻性的作家。‎ ‎8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段首尾句In 1863, the great novelist Jules Verne wrote a novel called Paris in the Twentieth Century. Realizing what a treasure he had found, he arranged to have it published in 1994, and it became a bestseller at once.可知这本书是1863年写的，但直到1994年才被出版。故A项正确。‎ ‎9．段落大意题。根据第三段第二句He wrote From the Earth to the Moon, in which he predicted the details of the task that sent several astronauts to the moon 100 years later in 1969.可知在凡尔纳写了一本名为《From the Earth to the Moon》的书，本段其余内容都是叙述这本书中的内容。故C项正确。‎ ‎10．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句Although he was not a scientist himself, Verne often turned to scientists, asking them questions about their opinions of the future.可知凡尔纳对科学非常感兴趣，经常询问科学家关于科学的各种信息，后来又写了多本书籍，可知他对科学和写作非常感兴趣。故D项正确。‎ ‎11．主旨大意题。本文介绍了法国著名的作家凡尔纳，在100多年前就对未来科技的发展做出了精准的预测，并写下了多本预测未来的书籍，书中内容与未来的科技发展非常吻合。可以说他是一个有前瞻性的作家。故B项正确。‎ See a cell phone cover that you like on Taobao? Forget about placing an order, paying the bill online and waiting for days for it to be delivered to you. In the near future, you’ll be able to get it in minutes just by hitting "print" on your computer. You might find it hard to believe that you could actually "print" an object as you would a picture. But it is not that hard to understand how it would work. Just as a traditional printer sprays (喷) ink onto paper line by line, modem 3-D printers spread material onto a surface layer by layer, from the bottom to the top, gradually building up a shape.‎ Instead of ink, the materials the 3-D printer uses are mainly plastic, resin (树脂) and certain metals. The thinner each layer is — from a millimeter to less than the width of a hair —the smoother and finer the object will be. This may sound like a completely new technology, but the truth is that 3-D printing has been around since the late 1980s. Back ‎ then, it was barely affordable for most people, so few knew about it.‎ Last year, though, saw a big change in the 3-D printing industry — printers became much cheaper. For example, 10 years ago a desktop 3-D printer might have cost £20,000, while now they cost only about £ 1,000, according to the BBC． Taken out of the factory and introduced to more diverse and common uses, 3-D printing can create just about anything you can think of --- flutes (笛子), bikinis, jewelry, aircraft parts and even human organs. In fact, scientists from Cornell University in New York have just made an artificial ear using a 3-D printer, according to Science Daily. The fake ear looks and acts exactly like a natural one.‎ However, as 3-D printing becomes more common, it may bring about certain problems —such as piracy. "Once you can download a coffee maker, or print out a new set of kitchen utensils (餐具) on your personal 3-D printer, who will visit a retail (零售的) store again?", an expert in 3-D printing told Forbes News. Even more frightening, what if anyone in the world could use a 3-D printer to print out a fully functioning gun?‎ ‎12．According to the article, in the future, the 3-D printing technology will .‎ A． enable people to make better purchases online B． change the way we make many products i C． be applied as widely in our daily lives as computers D． shorten the time it takes for people to get what they buy online ‎13．What happened in the 3D printing industry last year?‎ A． The 3-D printing technology was taken out of the factory.‎ B． The 3-D printer was used for medical treatment for the first time.‎ C． The 3-D printer became more affordable for consumers.‎ D． 3-D printing technology began to be used in various fields.‎ ‎14．How is the last paragraph developed?‎ A． By giving examples.‎ B． By making comparisons.‎ C． By analyzing the cause and effect.‎ D． By using figures.‎ ‎15．What is the best title of the passage?‎ A． Online Shopping Disappearing B． Technology in the Future C． Printing out Everything D． Great Demand for 3-D Printers ‎【答案】‎ ‎12．B ‎13．C ‎14．A ‎15．C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了3D打印技术的发展历程，以及人们对这一新技术的观点。‎ ‎12．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句Just as a traditional printer sprays (喷) ink onto paper line by line, modem 3-D printers spread material onto a surface layer by layer, from the bottom to the top, gradually building up a shape.可知现代的3D打印机和以前的传统打印机不同，可以使用树脂等材料直接打印出物品。这样做可以改变我们的生产方式。故B项正确。‎ ‎13．细节理解题。根据第三段前两句Last year, though, saw a big change in the 3-D printing industry — printers became much cheaper. For example, 10 years ago a desktop 3-D printer might have cost £20,000, while now they cost only about £ 1,000, according to the BBC.可知去年3D打印机的价格下降到人们可以承受的范围。故C项正确。‎ ‎14．写作方法题。根据本段第三句Once you can download a coffee maker, or print out a new set of kitchen utensils (餐具) on your personal 3-D printer, who will visit a retail (零售的) store again?可知3D打印也会带来很多问题，作者列举了用3D打印技术生产餐具的例子。说明本段使用举例说明的方法组织上下文。故A项正确。‎ ‎15．主旨大意题。本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了3D打印技术的发展历程，以及人们对这一新技术的观点。AD项与文章内容无关，B项范围过于宽泛。C项与上下文一致。‎ 评卷人 得分 二、七选五 As most of us know, talking and listening don’t go smoothly every time. Will parents take you seriously, believe what you say, listen to and respect your opinions? 16． But some of what happens depends on you, too. Since communication is a two-way street, the way you talk can influence how well a parent listens and understands you. So ‎ here are some guidelines to consider when talking to parents:‎ Be clear and direct. Be as clear as you can about what you think, feel, and want.17． They can listen better or be more helpful if they understand what you mean and what’s really going on.‎ Be honest. If you’re always honest, a parent will be likely to believe what you say. If you sometimes hide the truth or add too much drama, parents will have a harder time believing what you tell them. If you lie, they’ll find it hard to trust you.‎ Try to understand their point of view. If you have a disagreement, can you see your parents’ side?18． Telling parents you understand their views and feelings helps them be willing to see yours, too.‎ Try not to argue or complain. Using a tone that’s friendly and respectful makes it more likely parents will listen and take what you say seriously.19． If you think your emotions might get the better of you, do something to blow off steam before talking: Go for a run. Cry.20． Do whatever it takes to sound calm when you need to.‎ A． Hit your pillow.‎ B． If you can, say so.‎ C． A lot depends on your parents.‎ D． Think twice before you make a decision.‎ E. Your parents won’t always see things your way.‎ F. Give details that can help parents understand your situation.‎ G. Of course, this is hard for any of us when we’re feeling heated about something.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎16．C ‎17．F ‎18．B ‎19．G ‎20．A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，孩子和父母的交流通常都是不顺利的，文章中提出了四条改善与父母交流的建议。‎ ‎16．横线后一句“But some of what happens depends on you, too.”中的“too”‎ 表示横线句应该和它保持一致性，故C项“A lot depends on your parents.”符合上下文。父母和孩子的交流能否顺利，很大程度上取决于父母亲，也取决于你。‎ ‎17．横线前句“Be as clear as you can about what you think, feel, and want.”告诉我们和父母交流的时候，要尽可能地把你的想法表达清楚，清楚的细节可以帮助你的父母亲了解你的处境。故F项“Give details that can help parents understand your situation.”与上下文一致。‎ ‎18．横线前句问：如果你和不同意见，你能否站在父母的角度看问题？后句：告诉父母你理解他们的看法能够帮助他们更愿意理解你的想法。这两部分之间需要有个连接句，表示：如果你能够站在父母的立场看到问题，你就应该这样做。这样可以把前后句串联在一起。所以B项符合上下文串联。‎ ‎19．本段的建议是不要争吵或抱怨。建议我们用友好的语调和父母亲交流，但是有时候很难做到这样。G项“Of course, this is hard for any of us when we’re feeling heated about something.”与前句联系紧密。‎ ‎20．横线后句“Do whatever it takes to sound calm when you need to”告诉我们要做一些让自己平静下来的事情，A项“Hit your pillow.”和横线前句“Go for a run.”都属于这种做法。‎ 评卷人 得分 三、完形填空 History has some very special qualities about it. It is a ______ of what has happened in the past, and the really interesting thing is that much of history has been ______ time and again. It allows us to learn from the past, both the ______ made and the successes achieved.‎ One of the ______ of history is that it allows us to know how famous people ______ when they were faced with challenges in their life.______ these challenges happened at a certain time in the past or in a ______ country or culture, all of them can always teach us something ______.‎ Take for example the ______ of Thomas Edison and how many times he ______ while on the road to finally inventing the light bulb. He could be held out as an example of a person who ______ stopped trying. I am sure he was ______ by those difficulties but he did not let them stop him. He had a ______ and he just kept trying until he reached success.‎ Or, think about the story of Abraham Lincoln who ______ to become President of the United States even though he suffered ______ losses. Most of us only know about his success.______, his life was not an easy one. His story makes us keep moving forward no matter what ______ we have in life.‎ These true history stories will make you stop to reconsider ______ or going after your dreams even though you may ‎ not think you have the courage or the ______ for now to get what you have always wanted. They could help you make decisions and ______ when you have no idea what to do. They could inspire you to be all that you can be.‎ ‎21．A． note B． belief C． chance D． record ‎22．A． repeated B． expected C． reported D． corrected ‎23．A． agreements B． jokes C． mistakes D． challenges ‎24．A． events B． advantages C． problems D． periods ‎25．A． studied B． explored C． competed D． reacted ‎26．A． Unless B． Because C． Although D． Whether ‎27．A． different B． poor C． developed D． popular ‎28．A． clear B． useful C． special D． simple ‎29．A． name B． character C． position D． story ‎30．A． traveled B． watched C． escaped D． failed ‎31．A． never B． often C． still D． also ‎32．A． shocked B． discouraged C． beaten D． controlled ‎33．A． job B． duty C． dream D． power ‎34．A． happened B． prepared C． managed D． pretended ‎35．A． hearing B． weight C． slight D． personal ‎36．A． After all B． As usual C． In all D． In fact ‎37．A． difficulties B． improvements C． permissions D． directions ‎38．A． giving up B． passing by C． setting off D． calming down ‎39．A． habit B． ability C． goal D． choice ‎40．A． introductions B． conversations C． judgments D． impressions ‎【答案】‎ ‎21．D ‎22．A ‎23．C ‎24．B ‎25．D ‎26．C ‎27．A ‎28．B ‎29．D ‎30．D ‎31．A ‎32．B ‎33．C ‎34．C ‎35．D ‎36．D ‎37．A ‎38．A ‎39．B ‎40．C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇有教育意义的短文，历史记录了过去发生的事情，文章中用爱迪生和林肯的故事告诉我们要从历史中得到鼓励，继续追求梦想；也可以避免历史悲剧重演。‎ ‎21．考查名词辨析。A. note笔记；B. belief信念，信仰；C. chance机会，可能性；D. record记录；句意：历史是过去所发生事情的记录。这是人们给出的历史的概念。故D项正确。‎ ‎22．考查动词辨析。A. repeated重复；B. expected期待，预览；C. reported报告；D. corrected改正；句意：关于历史真正有趣的事情是很多历史上的事情不断被重复。这是就是我们常说的历史被重演。故A项正确。‎ ‎23．考查上下文串联。A. agreements协议；B. jokes玩笑；C. mistakes错误；D. challenges挑战；句意：历史让我们从过去所犯的错误和取得的成就中学到知识。mistake与success形成对应关系。故C项正确。‎ ‎24．考查名词辨析。A. events事件；B. advantages优势；C. problems问题；D. periods时期，时代；本段告诉我们可以从名人面对挑战的反应中学到教训。也就是说本段讲述的是历史给我们带来的好处。故B项正确。‎ ‎25．考查动词辨析。A. studied学习；B. explored探索；C. competed竞争；比赛；D. reacted反应；‎ 句意：历史的好处之一是让我们知道当名人面对挑战的时候，他们是如何做出反应的。我们可以从名人的反应中学到教训。故D项正确。‎ ‎26．考查连词。A. Unless除非；B. Because因为；C. Although尽管；D. Whether是否；句意：尽管这些挑战是发生在某个特定时间，发生在不同的国家，但我们让人可以从中学到有用的知识。上下文之间存在转折关系，所以使用although连接上下文。故C项正确。‎ ‎27．考查形容词辨析。A. different不同的；B. poor可怜的，贫穷的；C. developed发达的；D. popular流行的，受欢迎的；我们可以从过去在不同的国家所发生的历史事件中学到有用的知识与教训。故A项正确。‎ ‎28．考查形容词辨析。A. clear清楚的；B. useful有用的；C. special特别的；D. simple简单的；人们都希望从过去所发生的事情中学到有用的知识，防止以后再发生同样的错误。故B项正确。‎ ‎29．考查名词辨析。A. name名字；B. character性格，特点；C. position职位，位置；D. story故事；作者以爱迪生的故事为例，爱迪生在成功发明电灯泡之前经历了无数的失败，他从之前的失败中吸取教训，最后取得了成功。其余三项与上下文句意不符。故D项正确。‎ ‎30．考查常识。A. traveled旅行；B. watched观看；C. escaped逃跑；D. failed失败；爱迪生在成功发明电灯泡之前经历了无数的失败，他从之前的失败中吸取教训，最后取得了成功。故D项正确。‎ ‎31．考查上下文串联。根据上文可知爱迪生在成功发明电灯泡之前经历了无数的失败，他从之前的失败中吸取教训，最后取得了成功。说明他从来都没有停止努力。本句应该使用否定词，故A项正确。‎ ‎32．考查动词辨析。动词A. shocked使…震惊；B. discouraged使…泄气；C. beaten击败，打败；D. controlled控制；在成功发明灯泡之前，多次失败并没有让爱迪生泄气。他心怀梦想，继续努力前行。故B项正确。‎ ‎33．考查名词辨析。A. job工作；B. duty责任；C. dream梦想；D. power电力，权力；爱迪生心中有梦想，所以他才会没有被失败打倒，一直努力下去。故C项正确。‎ ‎34．考查固定搭配及常识。A. happened碰巧，发生；B. prepared准备；C. managed管理，设法；D. pretended假装；短语manage to do sth设法成功做某事；美国总统林肯患有疾病，最终成功地成为了美国总统。故C项正确。‎ ‎35．考查形容词辨析。A. hearing 听力的；B. weight重量；C. slight轻微的；D. personal个人，私人的；林肯个人身体有病，但是他最终还是成为了美国总统。AB项都属于D项的范围。C项没有依据。‎ ‎36．考查介词短语辨析。A. After all 毕竟；终究；B. As usual 和平时一样；C. In all 总计，共计；D. In fact事实上，实际上；句意：实际上，林肯的一生是不平凡的一生。‎ 本句是对林肯的评价，故D项正确。‎ ‎37．考查名词辨析。A. difficulties困难；B. improvements提高，改善；C. permissions允许；D. directions 方向，指导说明；句意：他的故事让我们一直努力前行，无论生活中遇见什么困难。故A项正确。‎ ‎38．考查短语辨析。A. giving up 放弃；B. passing by经过；C. setting off引起，点燃；D. calming down镇定，平静；句意：这些真实的故事让你不再考虑放弃追求梦想，即使你认为你没有勇气或能力得到你想要的东西。这些名人的历史故事鼓励我们永不放弃，继续追求梦想。故A项正确。‎ ‎39．考查名词辨析。A. habit习惯；B. ability能力；C. goal目标；D. choice选择；所选词要和courage形成呼应。句意：这些真实的故事让你不再考虑放弃追求梦想，即使你认为你没有勇气或能力得到你想要的东西。故B项正确。‎ ‎40．考查名词辨析。A. introductions介绍；B. conversations对话；C. judgments判断；D. impressions印象；句意：当你不知道做什么的时候，他们可以帮助你做出决定和判断。所选词要和decision形成呼应，人们通常先做出判断，然后做出决定。故C项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 要想做好完形填空，要精读文章第一句 ，它是了解全文大意的基石。完形填空文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，或是含有主题词的句子，考生可以根据它来把握文章的中心思想，为下面答题奠定基础。 ‎ 这里，首先我们要知道英文的主题句的特点。一个有效的主题句应该有以下两个标准：   ‎ ‎1.Topic：主题或议题。明确指示段落的内容，起到限定主题范围的作用。 ‎ ‎  2.Opinion：反映作者对待主题的观点、印象、态度，起到限定段落基调的作用。   ‎ ‎  知道了英文主题句的特点之后，我们在阅读完型填空文章的第一句话时，就不应该只是读懂其字面中文意思，而是要透过首句来预测文章的中心内容，为接下来做题把准方向。‎ 比如1994年考题的首句是： ‎ ‎ The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. ‎ ‎ 这就是一句非常有效的主题句。据此，我们可以大胆地预测文章的主题是讨论"词汇(word)"与"语言表达(language)"的关系。作者的态度通 过"first and smallest"就说明作者认为"词汇"对于"语言"的重要意义。实际上，该篇文章的确是围绕"词汇"与"语言"的关系展开的。 ‎ ‎   由此可见，精读第一句对于理解和把握整个文章的中心意义和作者的行文的脉络是非常有效的。这就为我们往下做题指明了方向！‎ 第II卷（非选择题）‎ 请点击修改第II卷的文字说明 评卷人 得分 四、语法填空 Stephen Hawking, who is one of the famous physicists, was born in Britain on January 8th, 1942. As a child, he was enthusiastic about 41． (design) complicated toys but 42． (fortune), in his twenties, he suffered 43． a disease that was impossible to be cured,44． was a great challenge for him. However, he was not only positive about the misfortunes, and eventually he 45． (defeat) all the obstacles but also he was absorbed 46． his research in the universe. In 1988, his best-seller A Brief History of Time 47． (publish), in which he put forward the idea 48． time itself has a beginning, and that it will have 49． end. In 50． (conclude), he has made outstanding contributions to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity.‎ ‎【答案】‎ Bhistory是不可数名词，前面一般不加冠词；knowledge也是不可数名词，但 knowledge前加不定冠词，后跟 of时组成 a knowledge of结构，表示“对„„精通、了解”。所以答案为 B。‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙性的人物传记，介绍了著名的物理学家霍金的主要生平事迹，以及它对物理学和量子引力的巨大贡献。‎ ‎41．考查动名词。英语中介词的后面通常接名词、动词或动名词做宾语，所以本句中使用动名词designing作为介词about的宾语。‎ ‎42．考查副词。英语中副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或者整个句子。本句中but说明这一空应使用表示否定意义的副词unfortunately。句意：小时候他热衷于设计复杂的玩具，但不幸地是，二十多岁的时候，他患上了一种不能治愈的疾病。‎ ‎43．考查固定搭配。动词短语suffer from…患上…疾病；句意：不幸地是，二十多岁的时候，他患上了一种不能治愈的疾病。‎ ‎44．考查定语从句关系代词。本句中关系代词which指代前面一句话的内容，引导非限制性定语从句，并在句中做主语。句意：不幸地是，二十多岁的时候，他患上了一种不能治愈的疾病，这对他来说是一个巨大的挑战。‎ ‎45．考查时态。文章这部分内容介绍霍金患病以后的事情，都使用了一般过去时。所以本句使用过去式defeated。‎ ‎46．考查固定搭配。短语be absorbed in…专注于….；霍金战胜了疾病在大学里仍然专注于研究。‎ ‎47．考查时态语态。本句叙述过去发生的事情，且主语A Brief History of Time和动词构成被动关系，所以使用一般过去时的被动语态was published。‎ ‎48．考查同位语从句。同位语从句的连词that只起引导作用，在句中不做成份，不能省略。本句中的that引导同位语从句，解释名词the idea。‎ ‎49．考查冠词。名词end结束，结尾；这是一个可数名词，不定冠词an表示泛指；本句中的an end与前半句的a beginning形成呼应。‎ ‎50．考查固定搭配。介词短语in conclusion总之；该短语表示总结归纳。句意：总之，霍金在宇宙学和量子重力方面做出了杰出的贡献。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 本文考查了不定冠词用法。通常不定冠词a/an表示泛指，我们要特别注意不定冠词的几种特殊用法： ‎ ‎①专有名词前用不定冠词，表示“像„„的一个人或物”。如：He thinks he is a Napoleon. ‎ ‎②姓名前用不定冠词，表示“某个叫„„的人”，多指不认识的人。如：A Miss Smith came to see you that afternoon. ‎ ‎③用于某些物质名词前，表示“一种、一份、一阵”等。如：—What would you like to drink？—A tea and a coffee. ‎ ‎④用于某些抽象名词前，使抽象概念具体化。这种用法的名词有 surprise，knowledge，success，failure，pleasure，interest，joy等等。‎ 如：All his efforts ended in failure. ‎ ‎⑤不定冠词用在population，history，area，height，weight，depth，length，speed等词前。‎ 如：To escape the pull of the earth，a rocket must reach a speed of40，000 km h。 ‎ ‎【例】Of all the subjects，I like___ history the best because it gives us ___ useful knowledge of things in the past. ‎ A. the；a    B. /；a    C. a; the   D. a; /‎ 评卷人 得分 五、短文改错 ‎51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ While taking a walk with my pet dog this morning, I found the middle-aged man nearby was shouting on his phone. Obvious, he had a bad day. Before he left, I noticed his keys were on the ground. So I immediately picked up and ran away to find the man. Several minutes later, I found him, whom was still shouting on his phone beside his car. I walked to him and asked if he could hold on a little seconds. At first, he was angry about my interrupt. Then I showed to his keys and explained the whole thing. On heard my words, he immediately hang up his phone and apologized for his rudeness.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【小题1】the→a ‎【小题2】Obvious→Obviously ‎【小题3】Before→After ‎【小题4】在picked和up之间加them ‎【小题5】whom→who ‎【小题6】little→few ‎【小题7】interrupt→interruption ‎【小题8】去掉to ‎【小题9】heard→hearing ‎【小题10】hang→hung ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：作者散步时捡到正在打电话的中年男子的钥匙，打断他打电话，他起初很生气，后来向作者道歉。‎ ‎【小题1】the→a 此处表示“一个中年人正在大声地打电话”，故把the改为a。‎ ‎【小题2】Obvious→Obviously 句意：显而易见，他今天过得不好。副词修饰整个句子，故把Obvious改为Obviously。‎ ‎【小题3】Before→After 句意：他离开之后，我注意到他的钥匙在地上。故把Before改为After。‎ ‎【小题4】在picked和up之间加them 因为前面keys是复数形式，所以我把“它们”捡起来，故在picked和up之间加them。‎ ‎【小题5】whom→who 此处非限制性定语从句中的关系词作主语，指人，故把whom改为who。‎ ‎【小题6】little→few 在这里seconds（秒）是可数名词，故把little改为few。‎ ‎【小题7】interrupt→interruption 形容词性物主代词后面用名词形式，故把interrupt改为interruption。‎ ‎【小题8】去掉to show（展示）是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语，故去掉to。‎ ‎【小题9】heard→hearing 固定搭配on +名词/doing，表示“一……就……”。故把heard改为hearing。‎ ‎【小题10】hang→hung 句意：一听到我的话，他立刻挂断电话并向我道歉。根据句意可知，此处用一般过去时态，故把hang改为hung。‎ ‎【知识拓展】‎ ‎1. (a) few和(a) little的用法：(a) few用在复数可数名词之前，(a) little用在不可数名词之前。He took a few biscuits. (=several) He took little butter. (=not much) 比如第6小题 little→few seconds（秒）是可数名词，故把little改为few。‎ ‎2. 固定搭配：on +名词/doing，一……就……。On hearing the bad news，she couldn’t help crying.一听到这坏消息，她放声大哭。‎ 考点：考查对文章的理解和语法知识 评卷人 得分 六、提纲类作文 ‎52．为配合学校开展的垃圾分类工作，学生会向全校学生发出了“垃圾分类，从我做起”的倡议。请你代表学生会，用英语写一封倡议书，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 垃圾分类的做法；‎ ‎2. 垃圾分类的益处；‎ ‎3. 呼吁全体学生一起参加。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：垃圾分类garbage classification；厨余垃圾leftovers;‎ 废旧电池 used batteries Dear fellow students,‎ Our school has started a program of garbage classification.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ The Students’ Union ‎【答案】Dear fellow students,‎ Our school has started a program of garbage classification. Different kinds of garbage are required to be sorted out and placed in different dustbins. Paper can be recycled, while leftovers can be collected as food for pigs or processed as fertilizer for plants. Above all, such harmful things as plastics and used batteries should not be mixed with other wastes.‎ The program is of great benefit. We will be able to save resources by making use of recyclable garbage and harmful things will not pollute our environment after special treatment.‎ Let’s work together for a better campus!‎ The Students’ Union ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇提纲类作文，内容较为简单。要求考生以学生会的名义给全体学生用英语写一封倡议书，要用一般现在时为主的时态，以第一人称为主的人称。文章的要点都已经给出来，写作时切忌逐句翻译，一定要用合适的连词连接各要点，使之成为整体。同时尽量使用多样化的句式，让文章有变化；争取使用较多的高级词汇和语法结构，提升文章的层次，最后要注意倡议书的格式。‎ ‎【详解】‎ 本篇范文结构完整，全文分为三段，显得条理清晰；同时包含了文字提示的所有要点，没有遗漏。文章使用了多样化的句式，如主动句和被动句的交替运用，让文章有层次感；同时文章中还运用了一些高级词汇，如of great benefit，a program of garbage classification，make use of 等；不过这篇文章整体较为简单，范文的亮点不多。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 写好提纲式作文的关键是认真审题和分析所给的提纲，因此考生首先要认真阅读前面的提示，认清写作要求和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、文体、人称和时态。根据所给提纲，列出要点，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来，注意主次分明，详略得当。语言力求准确、简洁。根据情景的发展，按顺序安排好材料。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有一定的连贯性。考生必须认真查验是否有漏写情况，有无拼写错误及标点误用等。‎