专题02+介词-2019届高考英语热门考点全攻略

专题02+介词-2019届高考英语热门考点全攻略

命题探究 命题解读 命题规律 题型 ‎2016课标1‎ ‎2016新课标2‎ ‎2015课标1‎ ‎2015课标2‎ ‎2014课标1‎ ‎2014课标2‎ 考法说明 介词和介词短语 ‎1.表示方位、时间、工具、手段、方式、原因等介词的基本用法；2.常用介词短语的用法；3.动词短语 语篇型语法填空 ‎---‎ ‎---‎ by(car)‎ at(the same time)‎ ‎---‎ ‎(next)to 语篇型语法填空主要考查介词的基本用法，同时对介词短语进行考查。‎ 短文改错 ‎---‎ ‎---‎ on (the development of…)→with ‎ on(a shop window) →in ‎(with the help)by→of with→for 在短文改错中，主要考查形式是介词的误用。‎ ‎2017新课标：‎ 全国1：语法填空：as a method of… 短文改错：in the middle on the road-- of 全国2：语法填空：travelled to and from work 短文改错：bought for—删掉for ‎2018新课标：‎ 全国1：语法填空：-- 短文改错：--‎ 全国2：语法填空：less water (than)… 短文改错：for—with ‎ 考点精讲 一、介词的分类 ‎1. 表示“空间”关系的介词（图示）‎ on beneath over under below above too through into across from beside in around up down ‎ at 在…（小地点）‎ ‎ by 靠近 ‎ in 在…里 ‎ over在…上方（垂直）‎ ‎ above 在…上方 ‎ on在…上（接触）‎ ‎ beneath在…下（接触）‎ ‎ under 在…下（垂直）‎ ‎ below 在…下 ‎ across穿过（表面）‎ ‎ through穿过（内部）‎ ‎ around在…周围 ‎ beside 在…旁边 ‎ from 从…‎ ‎ to 到…‎ ‎ into进入 ‎ up 上 ‎ down 下 ‎ outside在外面 ‎ inside 在里面 ‎ among在中间 ‎ opposite在对面 ‎ off 从…离开 ‎ beyond 超过…‎ 注：in和inside的区别。in可看到；inside不可看到。‎ ‎2. 表示“时间”的介词 at 在…时（点时间） in 在…后（段时间或季节、月份等） on 在…时（具体某一天或星期等）‎ between在…之间 since 自从（点时间） for长达（段时间）‎ during在…期间 until 直到 by… 到...为止 after 在…之后 before 在…之前 from...to...从…到 ‎3. 表示“方式、方法、手段”的介词 with/in/by 用（表示行为的工具、手段或方式）‎ by/in/on 用，乘（表示旅行方式）‎ ‎4. 表示“方向”的介词 to 到…，向… at 朝，向（指动作方向） from 从…来 into 进入，到…里面 out of从…出来 along 沿着 around/round环绕 for向，往（方向，能力，倾向） off 从…离开，从…下来 ‎5. 表示“数量”的介词 above（数目、水平）超过，多于 over超过，在…以上 ‎6. 表示“除…以外”的介词 except除…以外（不包括此人或物）‎ besides除…以外，还有…（包括此人或物）‎ but除…之外 other than（=except）除了…以外（别无）‎ apart/aside from除了…之外（都）‎ ‎7. 表示“关于”的介词 on关于（较为正式，一般后接较为严肃的学术类内容，如report on..., a book on birds）‎ about关于（较为通俗，一般后接比较通俗的内容，如chat abut, story about...）‎ of关于 ‎8. 表示“具有或没有”的介词 with 具有 without 没有 ‎9. 表示“原因”的介词 because of 由于 due to 由于 owing to 由于，因为 thanks to 多亏 an account of 由于 as a result of 由于…的原因 with 由于 for 由于 at 由于 of 由于 ‎10. 表示“代替”的介词 instead of 取代；而不是 in place of 代替 二、常考的搭配介词的短语 动词+介词 ‎ ‎ answer for apply for provide for account for send for enter for exchange for fit in lie in object to adapt to appeal to belong to build up draw up lift up speed up stay up live up to approve of know of consist of lead to stick to ‎ ‎ 动词+副词+介词 catch up with come up with date back to get down to get on with look down upon 动词+名词+介词 ‎ ‎ do harm to have an effect on make fun of make use of pay attention to play a trick on take a message for take advantage of take care of take notice of take the place of ‎ ‎ 专项精练 一、单句填空 1. Jane is______a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.‎ 2. Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live harmony with nature.‎ 3. This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you______advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.‎ 4. We can be a smart shopper by choosing for value, not for looks; ______other words, choose good quality goods with plain packages.‎ 5. Across the painting, we can see a horse running high speed like a missile across the sky.‎ 6. At about 3:00am______ July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky.‎ 7. ‎______ the 16th century，about five to seven million people spoke English.‎ 8. While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared what he had with the villagers without asking_____anything in return.‎ 9. It is an honor_____me to stand here to give some advice on how to prepare for the coming exam.‎ 10. Then everyone in the carriage began searching_______the ticket.‎ 1. His health seems to be improving little ____________ little.‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 一、单句填空 ‎4. in, 考察固定搭配in other words换言之 ‎5. at, 考察固定搭配at high speed 高速。一般at后接速度，in后接声音、语言 ‎6. on，考察介词基本用法，on接具体某一天 ‎7. In，考察介词基本用法，in接年份、月份、世纪 ‎8. for，考察固定搭配ask for要求 ‎9. for，考察固定句型it is an honor for sb to do sth…‎ ‎10. for，考察固定搭配search for搜寻 ‎11. by, 考察固定搭配little by little一点一点 二、单句改错 1. At a Sunday night, I was finishing the dinner shift at the first restaurant and hurrying to work at the second place.‎ 2. He misses lots of key words and it usually takes him more time to finish his homework, which makes it difficult for him to concentrate what he is doing.‎ 3. Gradually, I lost confidence to myself and wanted to give up.‎ 4. While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.‎ 5. Every day, he spends too much time with his work.‎ 6. If we could show concern to others on need, the world would become a better place to live.‎ 7. The English final exam will be held from 8:00 to 10:00 on next Thursday morning.‎ 8. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.‎ 9. Now I’m leaving home to college.‎ 10. For my opinion, the classroom is a place to study and concentration is terribly needed.‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 二、单句改错 ‎4. in—on，考察固定搭配on the top of在…顶部 ‎5. with—on， 考察固定句型spend+时间/金钱+on sth ‎6. on—in, 考察固定搭配in need 需要 ‎7. 删掉on，考察介词基本用法，next/last/every等词前不加介词 ‎8. wait后加for，考察固定搭配wait for等待