专题09 阅读理解主旨大意题（冲关模拟训练）-备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈

专题09 阅读理解主旨大意题（冲关模拟训练）-备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈

备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈 专题09 冲关模拟训练 题组一 Passage1（2018届河南省许昌平顶山高三联考试）‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 ‎ 说服他人的艺术 ‎ 277‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5分钟 Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.‎ Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you’re more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.‎ Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.‎ Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.‎ Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek ‎ tools of persuasion.‎ ‎1.What is the purpose of persuasion?‎ A. To advise somebody to support you.‎ B. To help someone have special skill C. To convince somebody to realize his aim.‎ D. To talk someone into being honest.‎ ‎2.What is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience to trust him?‎ A. Pathos. B. Ethos. ‎ C. Logos. D. Education.‎ ‎3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?‎ A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.‎ B. Both save people from terrible wars.‎ C. Both make the audience support them.‎ D. Both persuade people to donate money.‎ ‎4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A. Convince the Audience B. Three Basic Tools of Persuasion C. Believe Me D. Strength of Persuasion ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术，其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知，说服是为了建议人们支持你。故选A。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war.”和最后一句“Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.”可知，政治家可能会说他会独自一人从可拍的战争中挽救一个国家为了说服观众为他投票，动物慈善机构向观众展示受伤的猫或者狗的图片是为了让观众感到可怜，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善机构的共同之处是他们都想让听众支持他们。故选C。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】标题判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了说服人的艺术，包括ethos、pathos、logos三中不同的方式，以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。因此推断B项“说服的三种基本方式”为最佳标题，概况了文章中心主旨。故选B。‎ Passage2（2018届安徽省皖南八校高三联考）‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 ‎ 一片红色的叶子 ‎ 327‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ He was there every morning, sitting motionless on the front steps of his house. In the morning light, I could see the shadows that were etched(蚀刻)deep within the lines surrounding his eyes.‎ Each morning I walked this route with my daughter to her kindergarten class. We were new to the neighborhood so that I didn’t know many of my neighbors. On one beautiful autumn morning, as we passed his house, my daughter called out to him, “Hi, Mr. Man!” Always the outgoing child, I wasn’t surprised at her enthusiasm. But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didn’t look at her and say “Hi” back.‎ As we continued on our walk to school, my daughter asked why the man didn’t want to say hi to her. Because I didn’t have an answer, I said simply, “Maybe he is having a bad day.” later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident.‎ A few days later, as we approached Bob’s house on our way to school, my daughter called out “Hi Mr. Man!” and as usual, he didn’t respond. But then she ran onto his front lawn and picked up a beautiful red autumn leaf. She continued up one step and handed it to him. I held my breath.‎ As she skipped back to me, she said, “See you tomorrow, Mr. Man!” This time, he acknowledged her. In a soft gentle voice, he thanked her and said, “See you tomorrow.”‎ From then on, Bob and my daughter exchanged greeting each morning. Our friendship with Bob continued for many years. But, the sweetest day is when Bob attended my daughter’s high school graduation. Bob gave my daughter a gift---a book on identifying various plants and trees. There, tucked in the pages that described an oak tree, was the leaf my daughter had given to Mr. Man when they first met. He had dried and pressed it and kept it all those years.‎ ‎1.What puzzled the girl?‎ A. The cause of the man’s sadness B. The shadows in the man’s eyes C. The man’s sitting still on the steps D. The man’s not answering her greeting ‎2.How did the author feel when his daughter gave the red leaf to the man?‎ A. Proud B. Nervous ‎ C. Embarrassed D. Comfortable ‎3.Why did Bob keep that little red leaf?‎ A. It was a care from a girl B. It was a symbol of enthusiasm C. It was a reminder of his painful days D. It represented the knowledge of trees ‎4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A.A Simple Red Leaf B.A Strange Neighbor C. An Unusual Friend D.A Greeting From A girl ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。每天上学的路上，我和女儿总会遇见一位男士，女儿总会给他打招呼，但没有得到答复，有一天当女儿给他摘一片红色的树叶的时候，再次打招呼的时候，这次得到了答复。多年后在女儿毕业的时候，这位男士送给女儿一本书，上面印有各种各样的植物和树，还有女儿曾经送给他的那片树叶，在那片树叶里包含着那位男士痛苦的过去。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didn’t look at her and say “Hi” back.及As we continued on our walk to school, my daughter asked why the man didn’t want to say hi to her. Because I didn’t have an answer,的提示可知令那位女孩困惑的是那位男士没有回答她的问候，故选D。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident.的描述可知当时Bob刚刚失去自己的妻子，而女儿的行为让他很感动，所以保存下来这片红色的叶子，从而当作对自己痛苦时光的回忆，故选A。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文中的描述可知这片红色的叶子一直贯穿全文，就是因为它才使故事得以发展，因此，一片红色的叶子就是该文的主旨，故选A。‎ Passage3（2018届江西省新余市第一中学高三毕业班模拟考试）‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 ‎ 转基因食品 ‎ 348‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5分钟 ‎ ‎ Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods). GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms (有机体), which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a nonspecific but stable change. For many people, the hightech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical, health and safety problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature.‎ In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U. S. last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic genie is out of the bottle.‎ However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fastgrowing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?‎ The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don' t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.‎ How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and ‎ they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses.‎ ‎1.The passage mainly talks about________.‎ A. the world's food problem B. the development in biotech C. the genetically modified foods D. the way to solve food shortages ‎2.According to the passage, GM foods________.‎ A. will replace naturally grown foods B. are far better than naturally grown foods C. may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition D. can cause serious trouble in developing countries ‎3.The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably means that________.‎ A.GM foods are available everywhere B. the technology in producing GM foods is advanced C. genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers D. genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets ‎4.What's the writer's attitude towards GM foods?‎ A. Enthusiastic. B. Cautious. ‎ C. Disapproving. D. Unbelievable.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了转基因食品及其对人类生活的影响。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Nowadays more and more people are ‎ talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods).”可知，本文主要介绍的是转基因食品。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values.”可知，转基因食品有助于解决营养不良问题。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段中的“However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.”可知，作者认为转基因食品进入市场前需要严格的检测，由此可见作者对转基因食品的态度是谨慎的。‎ Passage4（ 2018届安徽省江淮十校高三联考）‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 ‎ 和父母同住的年轻人的数量持续增加 ‎ ‎352 ‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 The last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn 28 years old was to be living at home with her parents. All she’s ever wanted to do is to become an elementary school teacher. However, Hipp has racked up(累计) $100,000 (about 0.67 million yuan) in student loan debt and isn’t able to earn enough through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server to live anywhere other than home.‎ To some degree, multigenerational households have always been a part of American life. However, the number of adults who have been moving back in with their parents or never leaving home in the first place has been growing steadily.‎ The Pew Research Center recently reported that 2016 was a milestone in the evolving living arrangements of young adults in the US. Until 2016, the most common living arrangement for young adults was to be living in their own property as part of a couple. UBS Financial Services, a Swiss global financial services company, released a report that even suggests one reason for the growing number of young adults still living at home could be that their family doesn’t want them to leave. The report shows that 74 percent of millennials(千禧一代) get some kind ‎ of financial support from their parents after college. Millennials see their parents as peers, friends and mentors(导师). In return, their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood, helping fund everything for them. Stuart Hoffman, chief economist for the PNC Financial Group in the US, said “Although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved, that doesn’t necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest, he said. “They may like living at home and being able to save money.”‎ He added, “While it has held back household formation and purchases on things, they are probably traveling more and eating out more. I don’t know if it represents a change in moral values, it’s much more common for adult children to live in their parent’s homes because it’s becoming part of the culture.”‎ ‎1.What’s the purpose of Caitlin Hipp’s story?‎ A. To prove the author’s view.‎ B. To introduce her situation.‎ C. To present the topic.‎ D. To make readers rethink about the problem.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined part (Paragraph1) probably refer to?‎ A. live with parents B. live independently C. stay at home D. leave home ‎3.According to Hoffman, which of the following is true?‎ A. It isn’t necessary for millennials to leave the nest.‎ B. They can spend less money on their daily life.‎ C. Moral values are changing gradually.‎ D. Young adults are living in a different life style.‎ ‎4.What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Why is the number of the millennial growing steadily?‎ B. Why has the percentage of adults living with their parents been on the rise?‎ C. Why are parents willing to help fund for young adults?‎ D. Why do more adults treat their parents as peers, friends and guides?‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在美国，现在和父母同住的年轻人的数量持续增加这一社会现象。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“However, the number of adults who have been moving back in with their parents or never leaving home in the first place has been growing steadily.”可知，文章开头举Caitlin Hipp的例子就是为了引出本文话题——越来越多的美国青年倾向于和父母同住。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“it’s much more common for adult children to live in their parent’s homes because it’s becoming part of the culture.”可知，霍夫曼认为现在的年轻人和父母同住是一种很正常的社会现象，这是不同以往的，说明年轻人的生活方式发生了变化。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第二段中的“However, the number of adults who have been moving back in with their parents or never leaving home in the first place has been growing steadily”可知，本文主要介绍了在美国，现在和父母同住的年轻人的数量持续增加这一社会现象。‎ 题组二 ‎ Passage1(2017届河北省衡水中学高三下学期第三次摸底考试 )‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 ‎ 如何做到言行一致，礼貌待人 ‎ ‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5分钟 We had a TV series in London. One of our fellow TV presenters seriously upset the camera crew when they arrived at his house. He was rude and unconcerned, treating them like lowly workers. Minutes later, when the camera was turned on, he became the perfectly smiling spiritual figure he was publicly known to be. But, as the crew told us later, he had already shown them that he didn't walk his talk.‎ In contrast, Ed was meeting with Jo, our TV producer, in a small London cafe. If you have ever been to London you'll know that in such cafe the tables are very close. Two well dressed African men sat down next to them, which effectively meant they were sharing the same table. Ed asked the two strangers where they were from and one said,  "South Africa. " The man pulled out his business card—his name was Jacob Zuma who, at that time, was the President of the ANC but is now the President of South Africa.‎ Usually, if you sit next to someone in a big city cafe, you don't even make eye contact, let alone conversation.  Jacob had never met Ed before so he could have been distant and polite, he certainly didn't have to talk, let alone maintain communication, which he did over the following few years. He even hugged him!‎ How we walk our talk shows far more than just our public behavior. Rather, it highlights how we view the world and our place in it. Jacob Zuma showed us how he treats others—with the fairness, consideration and respect that he treats all beings. No matter who we are, whether a street cleaner or a president, we are all equal, here together as one human family.‎ ‎1.What can we learn about the TV presenter?‎ A. He felt upset before the camera.‎ B. He was known for his being impolite.‎ C. His deeds didn't agree with his words.‎ D. He pretended to be polite to the camera crew.‎ ‎2.Which word can best describe Jacob Zuma according to the text?‎ A. Friendly. B. Humorous. ‎ C. Generous. D. Serious.‎ ‎3.Why did Ed go to the small London cafe?‎ A. To film a TV series. B. To interview Jacob Zuma.‎ C. To meet with a TV producer. D. To observe people's public behavior.‎ ‎4.What is the text mainly about?‎ A.TV presenters are often too proud.‎ B. There still exists inequality in society.‎ C.I. earned people are more likely to be polite.‎ D. People should treat others with equal respect.‎ ‎ 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例讲述了我们如何做到言行一致，礼貌待人。我们的谈话方式是我们的公共行为，表明我们如何看待世界和我们在社会中的地位，因此我们应该公平的、体贴的、尊重地对待别人。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段二、三句He was rude and unconcerned, treating them like lowly workers. Minutes later, when the camera was turned on, he became the perfectly smiling spiritual figure he was publicly known to be.可知，这位电视节目主持人对待同事粗鲁不礼貌，当面对镜头，他就成了众所周知的完美的精神形象。因此推断他是一个言行不一的人。故选C。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句In contrast, Ed was meeting with Jo, our TV producer,‎ ‎ in a small London cafe.可知，Ed去咖啡馆是为了见一个电视节目制片人。故选C。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章通过举例讲述了我们如何做到言行一致，礼貌待人。我们的谈话方式是我们的公共行为，表明我们如何看待世界和我们在社会中的地位，因此我们应该公平的、体贴的、尊重地对待别人。故选D。‎ Passage2(2017届四川省双流中学高三模拟考试 )‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 ‎ 奶奶一家的故事 ‎ 330‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 On Christmas Eve, 1944, my grandmother urged my uncle, then 12 years old, to slip out of the concentration camp where they were imprisoned near 15 miles east of Vienna to go to Deutsch-Wagram. “People are charitable around Christmastime,” Grandma Lili said to her son, Gyuri. “Ask for some food. Anything they can spare. Tell them that we’re on the edge of starvation. Tell them that your 3-year-old sister can not get off the bed because she’s outgrown her shoes.”‎ In the dark of that night, Gyuri secretly left the camp and walked nearly four miles to Deutsch-Wagram, the closest town. He happened upon a house and knocked on the front door. A woman opened that door. She was probably alone, her man far away, fighting in the war, her children asleep in their beds. The 12-year-old pieced together in German exactly what his mother had told him to say.‎ ‎“Come back tomorrow," whispered the woman. The next day, my uncle returned. The woman opened the door with a smile. She piled his hands with bread, clothing, a pair of shoes that her child had outgrown and a pair of socks. The woman had knitted warm socks for my mother. After putting on the socks and shoes that fit, my mother got off the bed in delight. Her ragged shoes were passed on to a younger child who was also living in the camp. They shared their unexpected harvest with the entire camp. It was a quiet celebration of human kindness around Christmastime.‎ In April 1945, my mother, uncle and grandmother were liberated. And it was those very socks and shoes that my mother wore as she walked some 28 miles over two days to Bratislava on her walk to a new life.‎ To the unknown giver, I thank you. In the desperation of a cold and snowy land, when many hearts were closed and death was more likely than life, especially for Jews, you gave them hope and comfort.‎ ‎1.What did Gyuri manage to do on Christmas Eve?‎ A. Get permitted to go out. B. Receive food and clothing.‎ C. Express what his family needed. D. Celebrate Christmas in the camp ‎2.Why does the author mention shoes so many times?‎ A. To prove the truth of the story.‎ B. To help the development of the story.‎ C. To attract readers’ attention to the story.‎ D. To make clear the background of the story.‎ ‎3.What feeling did the author write the text with?‎ A. Desperation B. Gratefulness. ‎ C. Excitement D. Sorrow.‎ ‎4.What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. Light in darkness B. Peace to common people C. Courage in face of danger D. The influence of Christmas ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了1944年圣诞前夕，奶奶一家在集中营里日子艰难，迫不得已12岁的叔叔秘密走出集中营去附近的村庄求助，一位善良的女士给予了他们一家一些物质上的帮助。这位好心人的善举给了过着暗无天日的日子的奶奶一家不仅是物质上的帮助还有对未来的希望，最终一家人坚持到光明的到来。‎ ‎2.B 推理判断题。开始提到鞋子是Gyuri妹妹没有合脚的鞋穿是他逃出集中营求助的原因之一，Gyuri的妹妹有了合脚的鞋后，小了的鞋就被送给了集中营里的一个比她小的孩子，而Gyuri的妹妹穿着好心人送的鞋迎来了自由，一家人走向了新生活，鞋子贯穿这个故事，因此推断作者多次提到鞋的原因是为了有助于故事的发展和文章主题的升华。故选B。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文特别是文章最后一段可知，在积雪覆盖的寒冷的冬天，人们封闭自己，死亡比活下去更容易的情况下，这位善良的人不仅给予了奶奶一家物质上的帮助，而且给了他们希望和抚慰。就像黑暗中的亮光鼓励他们走向新的生活。因此推断这篇文章歌颂了黑暗中人性光明的一面。故选A。‎ Passage3(2018届安徽省皖南八校高三联考)‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 吃的少会使你长寿 ‎ 321‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news---if you were a mouse. The researchers studied mice, not people.‎ John Price and other researchers studied two groups of mice. One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.‎ Price says the mice with the diet restrictions were “more energetic and suffered fewer disease.” They were not just living longer but seemed to stay younger for a longer period of ‎ time.‎ The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes. Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slow down. This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.‎ The researchers say ribosomes use from 10 to 20 percent of the cell’s energy to make those proteins. Price wrote that “because of this, it is impractical to destroy an entire ribosome” when it starts to break down. However, “repairing individual parts of the ribosome on a regular basis enables ribosomes to continue producing high quality proteins for longer than they would otherwise. This top quality production, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well.”‎ Price said, “ribosome is a very complex machine, like a car.” They need “maintenance to replace the parts that wear out the fastest. When tires wear out,” he explained, “you don’t throw the whole car away and buy a new one. It costs less to replace the old tires.”‎ ‎“Food,” he said, “isn’t just material to be burned---it’s a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond.” Price said the findings help to explain how exactly our bodies age. And this may “help us make more educated decisions about what we eat.”‎ ‎1.What can we know about the mice with limited calories from the study?‎ A. They can keep healthy easily B. They need more energy to be active C. They can look younger than they are D. They will live a longer life like humans ‎2.What will happen to ribosomes if there are fewer calories?‎ A. They will completely break down B. They make proteins in the cells slowly C. They will produce high quality proteins more D. They may need more time to repair themselves ‎3.Price explained the ribosomes’ role of repairing themselves by _________.‎ A. telling a story B. listing basic data C. making comparisons D. experimenting on mice ‎4.What does the text mainly deal with?‎ A. Food decides how long you live B. Can you slow down your aging process?‎ C. Eating less may help you live longer D. Should your diet be reduced for your health?‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。通过研究实验发现：吃的少会使你长寿。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.的提示可知他们能够很容易保持健康，故选A。‎ ‎2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes.的提示可知它们会在细胞中缓慢地产生蛋白质，故选B。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段首句If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news的提示可知这片名文章的主旨是吃的少会使你长寿，故选C。 ‎ Passage 4(2017届黑龙江省大庆实验中学高三仿真模拟)‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 ‎ 延缓生理死亡 ‎ 334‎ ‎★★★★☆‎ ‎5分钟 Everyone knows that death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages — clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of vital cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable and final.‎ Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling the organism, combined with narcotic (麻醉) sleep. By slowing down the body’s metabolism (新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.‎ To show how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began taking blood out from an artery (动脉). The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Keta’s heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous (自发的) breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin (青霉素) injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器)and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.‎ ‎1.For a person who suffers from the clinical death _________.‎ A. he is still very much alive B. he cannot avoid final death C. his most important organs are damaged forever D. he still has the possibility of getting back to life ‎2.Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to _________.‎ A. cool the organism B. delay the coming of biological death C. slow down the body’s metabolism D. bring vital cells and tissues back to active life ‎3.The text mainly talks about _________.‎ A. clinical death and biological death B.an experiment on a monkey C. the meaning of death D. the process before death ‎4.From the underlined sentence in the last paragraph we can know that _________.‎ A. Keta was impolite B. Keta was healthy C. Keta was ill D. Keta was crazy ‎【文章大意】本文主要叙述了为了延缓生理死亡的到来，科学家尽量延长临床死亡的时间。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段内容“Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved”可知，一个临床死亡的人还有可能活过来，故选D。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】‎ 主旨大意题。文章第一段提出了人类死亡的两个阶段：临床死亡和生理死亡；第二段提出科学家们想办法延长临床死亡；第三段通过用猴子做实验来验证延长临床死亡的方法，故本文主要论述了临床死亡和生理死亡，选A项。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一句“Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.”（她的行为无异于健康动物的行为），可推知划线部分句子说明Keta是健康的，故选B项。‎