专题33+书面表达——说明介绍类+名师揭秘-2019年高考英语高频考点名师揭秘与仿真测试

专题33+书面表达——说明介绍类+名师揭秘-2019年高考英语高频考点名师揭秘与仿真测试

‎ ‎ ‎【考点解读】‎ 一、总体把握 说明文是近年来高考英语书面表达中比较常见的一种体裁，要求学生用简明扼要的语言来解说事物、阐明事理、分析图表，从而提供相关信息或完成特定任务等。主要命题形式包括图表式作文或提纲式作文等。除了考查学生的基本语言表达能力以外，还对学生表达的层次性和条理性提出要求。‎ 全国大部分地区的说明介绍类作文，都属于提纲列表式。如天津卷和新课标I卷，都是要求考生根据题目已给的几方面内容写封电子邮件。这类写作与交际应用类写作有所重合，另有版面（B1-B4）详解论述。北京卷、浙江卷等则稍微开放些，在提纲式基础上，让考生根据具体情境自行分析，给出建议和理由。而江苏卷则是第二年出现了图表说明文，要求考生在清晰分析表格的基础上，结合所给文字资料分析这一现象的原因并表达观点。虽然各地要求不同，但都很好地体现了语言的本质，即有效交流。在两个小时的考试时间里，能分配给作文的时间是比较有限的。所以，考生应该按照以下步骤安排应考节奏，实现高考作文的突破：‎ 第1步，认真审题，抓住要点。无论是表格还是文字说明，考生都要仔细分析，弄清需要说明的内容，把握信息要点，不能遗漏。在描述部分，做到如实客观，不加评论。‎ 就图表说明文而言，高考作文通常是单幅图表，但所要描述的可能是同一事物不同时间的变化（如图1），也可能是不同事物不同时间的表现（如图2）。事实上，考生可以参考部分常用词汇和句式来描述曲线图，柱状图或趋势图。需要注意的是，考生们无需一条不漏地详述数据资料，而应找寻其发展趋势和规律，从细节处或曲线突然变化的地方抓典型。此外，还要注意图表的标题、参照时间和使用单位，以及时态的选择。总之，既要注意总趋势和大致特征，也要能根据配套文章的主旨，以及所采用的数据对图表加以特别分析。‎ 第2‎ 步，定时态，布结构。通常文章是一般现在时态，三段论。按照要求，开门见山地说明写此文的目的。对于图表类，还要观察到表格数据中的每一个变化，分析总趋势，然后分类阐明原因，注意表达层次。对于应用文类，应根据具体要求完成任务。‎ 第3步，内容和语言。完成文章后，需要仔细检查，首先语句要正确，没有语法错误。其次行文要优美、多样。如要多次表达“重要”，可使用“important, significant, be of significance, vital”等多样化的语言；同时，建议考生多使用词组而不是单个单词来表情达意。如“尊重”，可使用“show due respect”或“look up to”而不单是“respect”，这样可以使文章更加灵动。最后，注意复杂句，比如主从复合句的应用。‎ 简言之，“细审题，明要点，精表达”是书面表达时必须全部覆盖到的做法和步骤。‎ ‎ ‎ 二、高分策略 考生们想要在短时间内同时顾及以上步骤，并出彩获得高分，平时备考过程中的有效积累和针对训练就十分必要。下面，我们针对各步骤分别提供了一些高级词汇和句型，供大家参考。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. 图表类说明文得分策略 文章通常是三段式。第1段，客观描述图表（或根据具体要求，有时题目会要求概括所附文本内容），注意词数要求。第2段，结合图表，进行某一现象的因果/利弊分析。第3段，总结全文，提出建议和具体措施。‎ 第一段：图表描述段。开门见山，点明图表要反映的主题。‎ 经常用到的句型有：‎ As is shown in the graph/As is vividly depicted in the chart, …‎ The line graph indicates that …‎ According to the survey, …‎ The figures provide general information on …/focus on …/reveal the changes in …‎ The picture above clearly displayed the upward tendency in …‎ ‎… witnesses a constant increase from (number ) in (year) to (number) in (year)‎ sth reaches its highest point/peak/top plateau/lowest point/bottom at + 数据+时间 The number/percentage of sth reaches …, peaking/bottoming at +数据 第二段：对表格内容及所反映的社会现象进行进一步分析，并阐明原因。描述变化与发展趋势时常用的短语和句型有：‎ There are at least two/three reasons accounting for ... (给出原因).‎ The tendency would be continuing because …‎ Several major driving factors that contribute to the above-mentioned changes/trend/phenomenon/problem may be summarized as follows.‎ The effects resulting from the phenomenon above may be listed as follows.‎ One more effect that can not be ignored is …‎ Quite a few factors give rise to the problem.‎ First, … In addition, … Last but not least, …‎ 第三段：结尾部分，或对全文进行小结，或展望未来，或提出解决方案，经常使用的句型有：‎ As far as I’m concerned/In my opinion/From my point of view, … should …‎ It is better/advisable to …‎ It’s my firmly held view that …‎ In short/To sum up/Generally speaking/In a word, ...‎ Based on the description above, we can safely draw the conclusion that …‎ From what has been discussed previously, we may safely conclude that …‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. 提纲式说明文得分策略 与记叙文和议论文相比，提纲式说明文除了考查学生的基本语言表达能力以外，还对学生表达的层次性、条理性提出要求。因此，考生要特别注意，需按照一定的说明顺序对事物或事理进行介绍和说明，使文章显得更有逻辑。‎ 此外，多积累热点话题的相关词汇和句式，也是省时高效的备考手段。‎ ‎1）介绍校园生活：‎ 校园生活通常涉及课程、师生、学习方法、对人生的影响等等，考生可以进行相关的积累准备。‎ Comments: dynamic school life, never lay too much emphasis on academic performance; peer pressure Courses: compulsory courses; optional courses; participate in; after-school activities; attend school assembly; get a degree in …‎ Benefits: develop communication skills; offer students great opportunities to develop their potential; Independent learning; promote creative/critical thinking ‎2）介绍地点：‎ Opposite to the … lies/stands/sits …‎ This area enjoys a reputation as a land of …‎ Located/Situated in the east of …/on the coastline of …, XXX covers an area of ... with the population of more than 2 million people.‎ Despite its size and modern look, Beijing still keeps its old traditions and culture.‎ There are many places of interests, among which is ...‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3）介绍人物：‎ 学生在描述人物外表和性格的词汇上常常捉襟见肘，所以平时要注意做个“有心人”，多多积累。‎ Personality: a dedicated/devoted doctor; have a strong desire for sth; full of enthusiasm and passion What impresses me most is his extraordinary optimism.‎ To realize a dream, one should learn to defeat difficulties through constant struggle as well as persistence.‎ He is such a warm-hearted man that we all admire him very much.‎ Appearance: a well-developed figure; a strongly-built body; look timid; with curly hair Experience: Majoring in …, he graduated from XXX university and went abroad for further education; … began to play basketball under one’s instructions and guidance; realize his dream with determination and perseverance; have a good command of …‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【真题分析】‎ ‎1.【2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）】‎ 书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎61. 假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校，他普在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少学机器人技能竞赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。‎ ‎（1）比赛的时间、地点；‎ ‎（2）邀请他的原因；‎ ‎（3）训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。‎ 注意：（1）词数不少于100；‎ ‎（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；‎ ‎（3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：‎ 世界青少年机器人技能竞赛 the World Adolescent Robotics Competition Dear Chris,‎ I have good news to tell you. ________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ I’m looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours,‎ Li Jin ‎【审题】‎ 本篇书面要求写一封邀请信。写作的时候要注意以下几点：‎ 一、动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题。‎ 内容要点包括：‎ ‎1. 代表兴趣小组发出邀请；‎ ‎2. 介绍比赛的时间、地点等安排；‎ ‎3. 说明邀请他的原因，包括Chris曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖；‎ ‎4. 告诉他训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。‎ ‎ ‎ 二、写作时注意准确运用时态，对于本文来说，以一般将来时为主，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。‎ ‎【点拨】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】‎ Dear Chris, ‎ ‎ I have good news to tell you. The World Adolescent Robotics competition will be held in Tianjin at the end of July so as to promote the development of robotics. ‎ ‎ ‎ The training schedule, in addition to regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions. I will send its details to you by e-mail. I would appreciate it if you give us some advice on how to make it perfect. ‎ I'm looking forward to your reply. ‎ ‎ Yours,‎ ‎ Li Jin ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.【2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）】‎ 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎(1) 表示欢迎；‎ ‎(2) 推荐他上哪所大学；‎ ‎(3) 建议他做哪些准备工作。‎ 注意：(1). 词数不少于50；‎ ‎(2). 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Jim,‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【审题】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】‎ Dear Jim,‎ ‎ I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.‎ ‎ Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.‎ ‎ I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.‎ ‎ Yours,‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎【点拨】‎ 文章中巧妙使用非谓语Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, 使句子结构紧凑。‎ 使用定语从句Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. 使句子表达更完美；巧妙使用连接词while引出来中国前的准备，使句子结构对称。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.【2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标III卷】‎ 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter 来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 学校的体育场馆；‎ ‎2. 主要的运动项目；‎ ‎3. 你喜欢的项目。‎ 注意：1. 词数100左右：‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【审题】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】‎ Dear Peter, ‎ I am exceedingly delighted to hear from you. You asked me in your last letter about the physical exercise in our school and the following information may give you a rough sketch.‎ To begin with, a fabulous new stadium has been built up, which has become the new landmark in our school. Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which ping-pong, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity. As for me, I’m intoxicated with basketball since it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life.‎ All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.‎ ‎ Yours, ‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎