专题10 世界与环境（话题解读）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题10 世界与环境（话题解读）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题10 世界与环境 ‎【话题解读】‎ ‎ “世界环境”是高中新课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话 题包括动植物保护、生态保护、环境污染和保护等方面。这些话题与学生的生活 息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生 多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。 是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达 的形式考查。如：2017年江苏卷阅读理解；2016年北京卷阅读理解C篇；2016上海卷阅读理解B篇；2016四川卷书面表达；2015安徽卷完形填空；2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇等。‎ ‎【关键词汇、短语、句式】‎ ‎1.全球的关注 global concern ‎ ‎2.越来越糟 get worse and worse/ get from bad to worse/ get more and more serious ‎ ‎3.环境的破坏 the destruction of our environment ‎ ‎4.改善环境刻不容缓 It’s high time that we did sth to improve the environment ‎5.提高..的意识 raise awareness that /of sth ‎ ‎6.承担保护环境的责任 bear the responsibility to protect our environment ‎ ‎7.呼吁某人做某事 call on / call for/ appeal to sb to do sth ‎8.时间不等人 the clock is ticking ‎9.努力做某事 make all efforts/ endeavor /make one’s utmost effort / go all out/try all means to do sth ‎ ‎10.采取行动/措施去 take action /take measures to do ‎ ‎11.改善目前的状况 improve the present situation ‎12.关注 pay attention to doing/show concern for sth ‎13.伤害/损害.. cause harm/damage to ‎14.不惜任何代价 at all cost ‎15.只要 so/as long as ‎16.承担做某事的责任 take the responsibility of doing sth ‎17.以牺牲..作为代价 at the cost/ expense of our environment ‎18.保护环境 Protect the environment ‎19.环境污染 Environmental pollution ‎20.释放有毒气体 Give off/release poisonous gas ‎21.受到严重污染 Be seriously polluted ‎22.对…有害 Do harm to / be harmful to ‎23.(不)注意环保 Pay (no) attention to ‎24.灭绝 die out ‎25.多植树 Plant more trees ‎26.把垃圾分类Sort the rubbish ‎27.回收垃圾Recycle the rubbish ‎28.受益良多Benefit a lot ‎29.保持生态平衡Keep the balance of nature ‎30.防止人们污染河流Prevent people from polluting the rivers ‎31.为了提高生活质量，环境保护变得越来越重要 In order to improve the quality of our life, it becomes more and more important to…‎ ‎32.随着科技的进步，环境污染越来越严重 With the development of science and technology, more and more pollution is produced ‎33. 我们应该立刻采取措施与污染作斗争 We should take immediate action / steps to fight against…‎ ‎34.唯有这种方式我们才能享受新鲜空气，活得健康 Only in this way can we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.‎ ‎【写作必备句型】‎ ‎1.To cherish the enviroment is to love ourselves.‎ 爱护环境就是爱护我们自己 ‎2.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation 我急切呼吁应该采取措施改变现状 ‎3.We are sure that we''ll win the battle.‎ 我们坚信我们能赢得战斗 ‎4. Keep our mountains green,the wate clean,and the sky blue.‎ 使我们山更绿，水更清，天更蓝 ‎5.Our earth's days are numbered without urgent help.‎ 没有及时的帮助我们的地球就屈指可数了.‎ ‎6.（Sth.）are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them.‎ 如果我们继续睁一只眼闭一只眼的话，......一定会有恶劣的后果 ‎ ‎7.近来环保已经引起了全球的关注。‎ Environmental protection has caused global concern recently.‎ ‎8.我们应该马上采取措施来保护我们的环境免受污染。‎ It’s high time we took immediate measures to protect our earth from being polluted.‎ ‎9.每个人都应该提高保护地球的意识。‎ Everybody should raise the awareness that it’s our duty to protect our mother earth.‎ ‎10.你不难发现每个人都在伤害地球，然而他们可能自己都没有意识到这一点。‎ You cannot difficultly see that everybody actually is causing damage to the mother earth, which , however, they may not be realizing.‎ ‎【典例剖析】‎ Is there link between humans and climate change or not？This question was first studied in the early 1900s.Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997，the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012.Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020.More recently，the Paris Agreement，stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.‎ ‎70. It can be concluded from Paragraph 1 that .‎ A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020‎ B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming ‎【答案】D ‎71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement，what would happen by the year 2100?‎ A. The human population would increase by one third.‎ B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.‎ C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.‎ D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions”可知，如果各国的气体排放能够符合《巴黎协议》的要求，到2100年气温会比现在高三度。而根据第三段中的“To meet this minimum goal”可知，最小的目标是上升两度，也就是说即使各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目标。故D项正确。‎ ‎72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive，the maximum temperature rise，since the start of the industrial age，should be .‎ A. 0.8℃ B. 1.5℃‎ C. 2℃ D. 3.5℃‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【名师指津】‎ ‎1. 抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络 通过阅读文章可知，本文介绍了世界各国的人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并设立了到2100年我们应该达成的目标以及达成目标要符合的条件。‎ 文章具体脉络如下：‎ ‎2. 总结解题规律，提高解题能力 掌握常考题型，巧妙得出答案 细节理解题一直都是高考阅读理解中常考的题型，通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：‎ ‎(1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。‎ ‎(2)词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。‎ ‎(3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。‎ ‎(4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。‎ 例如第72题，根据第四段“This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris ‎ Agreement，after a push by lowlying island nations like Kiribati，which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.”可知，对于那些海拔低的国家来说稳定上升1.5度，就可以避免他们被淹没。故B项正确。‎ 1、 ‎ ‎