【推荐】专题4-3+Grammar&Writing-试题君之K三关2017-2018学年高二英语人教版（必修5）

【推荐】专题4-3+Grammar&Writing-试题君之K三关2017-2018学年高二英语人教版（必修5）

Unit 4 Making the news ‎ ‎4.3 Grammar Writing Grammar: 倒装 倒装是英语中常见的一种语言现象，它具有强调、修饰等作用。倒装可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。‎ 一、完全倒装 完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。常见的结构有：‎ ‎1. There be句型：其中be可换成live, lie, stand, remain, exist, come, go, seem (appear/ happen/ used) to be等表示＂存在＂意义的词。‎ ‎☛There entered a strange little man. 走进来一个奇怪而身材矮小的人。 ‎ ‎☛Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前，海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。‎ ‎2. 以here, there, off, out, in, up, down, away, now, then, on等表示方向、位置或时间、地点的副词开头的句子，谓语是come, go, be等动词时，并且其主语为名词时，通常使用完全倒装。‎ ‎☛Now, here goes the story. 现在，这个故事是这样的。‎ ‎☛Then came another question. 然后又一个问题被提出来了。‎ ‎☛Away flew the bird. 那只鸟飞走了。‎ ‎☛Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face. 突然进来一个蒙着面的男人。‎ 在以there, here, up, down, out, in等副词开头的句子中，当主语是代词时，句子不倒装。‎ ‎☛There they are.他们在那边。‎ ‎3. 表示地点的介词短语，常将其放在句首，构成完全倒装，用于表示强调。此时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词，且主语为名词。‎ ‎☛In the cottage lives a family of six. 在这间小屋里住着一家六口。 ‎ ‎☛Near the bridge was an old cottage. 在桥的附近有一间古老的小屋。‎ ‎☛Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated. ‎ ‎ 这家饭店隔壁还有一家装修得很漂亮的大饭店。‎ ‎☛On either side of the great avenue stood many buildings. 这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多大楼。‎ ‎4. 表语(充当表语的可以是形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、副词等)置于句首，一般是主语较长或结构为较复杂的句子。‎ ‎☛Gone are the days when he was looked down upon. ‎ ‎ 他被人瞧不起的日子已经一去不复返了。‎ ‎☛In the armchair lay a cat, half asleep. 一只猫躺在扶手椅上，半睡半醒。‎ ‎☛Standing around the teacher were her students. ‎ ‎ 老师周围站着的都是她的学生。‎ ‎☛Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies. ‎ ‎ 同时还讨论了我们在学习中碰到的问题。‎ ‎☛First to unfold was the map of the world. 首先要打开的是世界地图。‎ ‎5. such位于句首。‎ ‎☛Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这些。‎ 二、部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语部分不含有助动词或情态动词时，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。‎ ‎1. 为了避免句子内容出现不必要的重复，常用＂so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词)＋主语＂或＂neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词)＋主语＂的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示＂与前面所述的肯定情况相同＂，第二个句式表示＂与前面所述的否定情况相同＂。‎ ‎☛His brother is a college student, so is mine. 他弟弟是大学生，我弟弟也是。‎ ‎☛He used to have his further study abroad, so did I. 他曾去国外深造过，我也去过。‎ ‎☛One of my friends cannot speak foreign languages, neither can his wife. ‎ ‎ 我的一个朋友不会说外语，他的妻子也不会。‎ ‎☛They are not now preparing for their final examinations, nor are we. ‎ ‎ 他们没在为期末考试做准备，我们也没有。‎ 表示赞同某人的看法时，用＂So＋S＋do/does/did.＂。‎ ‎☛—I told you that I would come.我告诉过你我会来的。‎ ‎—So you did.你确实说过。‎ ‎2. 含有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(否定词修饰主语除外)，句子通常采用部分倒装。这类词或短语常见的有：not, never, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, not until..., no sooner...(than), hardly...(when), not only...(but also)。‎ ‎☛Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before. 我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。‎ ‎☛So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother. 就我所知，玛丽很少回来看她妈妈。‎ ‎☛Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪儿都不会找到这个问题的答案的。‎ ‎☛By no means are these goods satisfactory. 这些货物一点儿也不令人满意。‎ ‎☛Not until twelve o’clock did he go to bed last night. 他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。‎ ‎☛Not only was the city polluted, but (also) the streets were crowded. 不仅城市被污染，而且街道也很拥挤。‎ not until后接从句时，主句部分倒装，从句不倒装；no sooner...than, hardly...when, not only...but also中，no sooner, hardly, not only所在的分句/句子部分倒装，后一分句(主句)不倒装，这种结构常用过去完成时。但在neither...nor结构中，前后两个分句均要倒装。‎ ‎☛Not only did he complain about the food, but also he refused to pay for it. 他不仅抱怨饭菜的质量，而且拒不付款。‎ ‎☛Hardly had he finished his speech when the audience started cheering. 他刚演讲完，观众便欢呼起来。‎ ‎3. as, though引导的让步状语从句，其中表语、状语等放在as或though之前。 ‎ ‎☛Successful as he is, he is not proud. 尽管他取得了成功，但他并不骄傲。‎ ‎☛Try as I might, I could not lift the stone. 尽管我用尽力气，我还是举不起这块石头。‎ ‎☛Too much as/though I like it, I can’t afford it. 虽然我非常喜欢它，但是我却买不起。‎ ‎ as/though引导的让步状语从句具有以下特点：(1)表语提前，形容词最高级前的the、‎ 单数可数名词前的a/an要省略。(2)主谓结构的句子，谓语动词(原形)提前时，主语后要补出相应的助动词。‎ ‎☛Shortest as he is, he is the cleverest of the three. 虽然他是三个人中最矮的，却是最聪明的。‎ ‎☛Child as he is, he knows some of the family secrets. 尽管他还是个孩子，他却知道家里的一些秘密。 (注意child前无冠词)‎ ‎4. so/such...that...句型中，so/such部分放在句首，该部分须采用部分倒装。‎ ‎☛So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test. 形势如此地严峻，每个人都面临着一场考验。‎ ‎☛In such a hurry did she leave that she forgot to lock the door. 她匆匆离去，以至于忘记了锁门。‎ ‎5. 句子以were, had, should开头，省略if的虚拟条件句。‎ ‎☛Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.如果没有他们帮助我们，我们不可能把那件事办得如此成功。‎ ‎☛Should he come, say ＂Nobody in＂ to him. 万一他来了，对他说：＂公司没人。＂‎ ‎☛Were I you, I would go with them. 我要是你的话，我就跟他们一起去。‎ ‎6. only与副词、介词短语及状语从句连用放在句首时。‎ ‎☛Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次之后，他才来参加会议。‎ ‎☛Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 只有当病得很重时，他才卧床休息。‎ ‎ only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。‎ ‎☛Only Mary knows the answer.只有玛丽知道答案。‎ ‎7. 频度副词及短语，如：often, always, once, many a time, now and then, every other day等位于句首时。‎ ‎☛Many a time has he given me good advice. 他多次给我好的建议。‎ ‎☛Often have I seen these Young Pioneers do good deeds. 我经常看到这些少先队员做好事。‎ ‎8. 表祝愿的句子常用倒装。‎ ‎☛May our friendship last forever! 愿我们的友谊长存！‎ ‎☛May your company become prosperous! 祝贵公司生意兴隆！‎ ‎9. 某些感叹句也用倒装语序。‎ ‎☛Isn’t it a beautiful garden! 多么美丽的花园啊！‎ ‎☛Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him! 你见过哪个孩子像他这么调皮！‎ ‎【巧学妙记】★部分倒装口诀：‎ 副词开头要倒装，人称代词非如常；‎ only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；‎ 否定意义副连词，位于句首须倒装；‎ 表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装；‎ such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装；‎ not only开头句，前一分句须倒装；‎ had, were, should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。‎ ‎1. （2017•江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ ‎ A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it ‎2. （2016•江苏）Not until recently________the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.‎ ‎ A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged ‎ C.did they encourage D.they encouraged ‎3. （2015•天津）Only when Lily walked into the office________that she had left the contract at home.‎ ‎ A.she realized B.has she realized ‎ ‎ C.she has realized D.did she realize ‎4. （2015·湖南）Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.‎ ‎ A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered ‎5. （2014·福建） no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.‎ ‎ A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been Ⅰ. 句型转换 ‎1. Two tall trees stand in front of the building.‎ ‎ →In front of the building ________.‎ ‎2. If you go tomorrow，I will go，too.‎ ‎ →If you go tomorrow，so ________.‎ ‎3. He walked so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.‎ ‎ →So fast ________ I couldn't catch up with him.‎ ‎4. The speaker sat in the front of the lecture hall.‎ ‎ →In the front of the lecture hall ________.‎ ‎5. The actor came to the party after being asked three times.‎ ‎ →Only after being asked three times ________to the party.‎ ‎6. She didn't accept my invitation.What's more，she was extremely angry.‎ ‎ →Not only ________ she not________ my invitation，but also she was extremely angry.‎ ‎7. Suddenly the door opened and a woman rushed out.‎ ‎ →Suddenly the door opened and out ________.‎ ‎8. As he is a child，he has been to many countries.‎ ‎ →________，he has been to many countries.‎ ‎9. If I were you，I would do the work.‎ ‎ →________，I would do the work.‎ ‎10. I have heard of it many a time.‎ ‎ →Many a time ________.‎ ‎11. I don't like this dress.Mary doesn't like this dress either.‎ ‎ →I don't like this dress，________ Mary.‎ ‎12. She got such a good chance that she jumped with joy.‎ ‎ →Such a good chance ________ she ________ that she jumped with joy.‎ Ⅱ. 完成句子 ‎1. ________________ a boy，laughing.‎ ‎ 一个男孩跑了出来，大笑着。‎ ‎2. ________________，with a book in his hand.‎ ‎ 老师来了，手里拿着一本书。‎ ‎3. ________________ when he was looked down upon.‎ ‎ 他被看不起的日子一去不复返了。‎ ‎4. ______________________________ that I can't carry it.‎ ‎ 这个袋子太重了，我拿不动。‎ ‎5. ________________，they continued the work.‎ ‎ 天色虽然很晚了，他们仍然在工作。‎ ‎6. ________________，I couldn't lift the stone.‎ ‎ 无论我怎么努力也搬不动这块石头。‎ ‎7. ________________，but also be cautious.‎ ‎ 我们不仅要勇敢，而且要谨慎。‎ ‎8. ________________ than he went away again.‎ ‎ 他刚到就又走了。‎ ‎9. ________________ my housework when he called on me.‎ ‎ 我刚做完家务他就来找我了。‎ ‎10. ________________ tomorrow(＝If I should be free tomorrow)，I will come.‎ ‎ 明天如果有空，我就来。‎ Ⅲ. 单项填空 ‎1. It was announced that only when the fire was under control ________to return to their homes.‎ A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted ‎2. Not until the motorbike looked almost new ________ repairing and cleaning it.‎ A. he stopped B. did he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop ‎3. For a moment nothing happened. Then ________ all shouting together.‎ A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come ‎4. Kate has tried very hard to improve her English. But by no means ________ with her progress.‎ A .the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied ‎5. ________it in the flesh, I would never have known the flood in Thailand is so serious and people are suffering so much.‎ A. Had I not seen B. If I did not see C. Should I not see D. Were I not seen ‎6. No sooner ________ he arrived home ________ he was asked to start another journey. ‎ A. did; when B. had; then C. had; suddenly D. had; than ‎7. In the middle of the lake ________ which looks very beautiful. ‎ A. stand a tall tower B. lie a tall tower C. lay a tall tower D. stands a tall tower ‎8. Out ________, with a stick in his hand.‎ A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush ‎9. —Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.‎ ‎—________, and so did I.‎ A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she ‎10.________ that even people in the next room could hear him.‎ A. So loudly did he speak B. Such loudly did he speak C. So loudly he spoke D. Such loudly he spoke K真题 ‎1. B【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省 ‎ 略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该 生是无法克服她自己的困难的。‎ ‎2. C【解析】考查时态和倒装。根据时间状语＂recently＂可知本句应用一般过去时。Not until+状语位于句 首,句子采用部分倒装的语序,因此本题选择C。‎ ‎3. D【解析】句意:直到Lily走进办公室,她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。＂Only+状语从句/介词短语/副词＂ 作状语放在句首时,主句多用部分倒装;由宾语从句中的过去完成时可知,主 句应用一般过去时。‎ ‎5. A【解析】对现在情况的虚拟，条件句中用一般过去时，主句用“ would/ should/ might/ could +动词原形。 虚拟条件句中有had, should, were时，可以将if去掉，然后把had, should, were提到主语前面。所以选 A。句意：如果没有现代的通信，我们将会等上几周的时间才能得到来自世界的新闻。‎ K好题 Ⅰ. 句型转换 ‎1. stand two tall trees　 2. will I　 3. did he walk that　 4. sat the speaker　‎ ‎5. did the actor come　 6. did；accept　 7. rushed a woman　 8. Child as he is　‎ ‎9. Were I you　 10. have I heard of it　 11. neither/nor does　 12. did；get Ⅱ. 完成句子 ‎1. Out ran　 2. Here comes the teacher　 3. Gone are the days　 4. So heavy is this bag　‎ ‎5. Late as it was　 6. Try as I might　 7. Not only should we be brave　‎ ‎8. No sooner had he arrived　 9. Hardly had I finished　 10. Should I be free Ⅲ. 单项填空 ‎1. C　【解析】句意：通报说，只有火势得到控制了居民们才被允许回家。这里It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句；that引导的主语从句中，＂only+状语从句＂位于句首，状语从句对应的主句要用倒装语序，且此处表示过去将来，故选C。‎ ‎2. B　【解析】句意：直到看起来跟新的一样，他才停止修理、擦洗这辆摩托车。not until引导时间状语从句位于句首时，主句谓语动词需用部分倒装，即需要将本句中的助动词提到主语之前。故选B。‎ ‎3. B　【解析】表示时间的副词now, then及表示方位的副词here, there等位于句首，谓语为come, go, arrive等动词，且主语不是代词，此时句子用完全倒装。从前一句可知此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。‎ ‎4. D　【解析】表示否定意义的短语by no means置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，排除A、C项。by no means(决不)本身已含有否定意义，故排除B项。故选D。句意：凯特已经非常努力提高她的英语了，但老师对她的进步并不满意。‎ ‎6. D　【解析】本题考查的是＂no sooner...than...＂这一固定句式，no sooner 位于句首时，no sooner后接的句子需要部分倒装，根据arrived可知用had，故选D。‎ ‎7. D　【解析】句意：在湖中央有一座高塔，看上去很漂亮。表地点的介词短语位于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，而stand 意为＂站立，矗立＂；lie躺，卧。结合主语a tall tower，故谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎8. C 【解析】表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语是come, go, run, rush等表示位移的动词，如果主语是名词，则用完全倒装；如果主语是人称代词，主谓不倒装。本句主语是he，主谓不倒装，故选C。‎ ‎9. C 【解析】＂So/Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语＂表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物；若表示＂……的确如此＂，则用＂So＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＂，此处表示＂她的确如此＂，且第一句中的had是have的过去式，故选C。‎ ‎10. A 【解析】在such/so...that...＂如此……以至于……＂句型中，当such/so...位于句首时，其后的句子需倒装，故排除C、D两项。在此句型中用so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词，故选A。‎ Writing：如何写新闻报道 ‎ 本单元的写作项目属于新课标中应用体类别中的“新闻报道”。 新闻报道属于说明类或记叙类的文章，是对最近发生的重大事实的报道。它具有迅速、及时、简短、明了的特点。写好一篇新闻稿要注意以下几点：‎ ‎1. 提炼好新闻标题(headline)：标题是新闻报道的灵魂和精华。新闻标题既要把最吸引人的地方体现出来， 又 ‎ 要做到言简意赅、直击主题。为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引读者阅读。好的标题应该简洁明 ‎ 了。如：‎ ‎ ①A Terrible Earthquake ‎ ②A Sandstorm Hit the Northwest ‎ ③China—The First Spacewalk ‎2. 写好新闻导语(the news lead)：新闻导语是新闻报道开头的第一句话，它一般是对整个报道的一个概括，‎ ‎ 通常包括事件(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、原因(why)和方式(how)。‎ ‎ ①September 29,2011 saw China's first step towards building a space station.‎ ‎ ②On October 23,2011 a terrible earthquake struck the east of Turkey.‎ ‎3. 详述事件过程(process)：写完导语后，文章接下来要按照事件发展的时间顺序具体阐述导语中的相关信息， ‎ ‎ 形成对导语的有力支持。要根据不同内容运用适当句型对新闻细节进行描述。如：‎ ‎ ①The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchuan county，Sichuan Province.‎ ‎ ②They had to put up tents because it was raining hard.‎ ‎ ③The government sent 4,000 firefighters and policemen there to help them move to a safe place.‎ ‎4. 进行必要的评论(comment)：根据写作的需要可对新闻事件进行必要的评论，以达到深化主题，给读者留 ‎ 下深刻印象的目的。有时，作者根据报道的事实在结束语中提出令人深思的问题。如：‎ ‎ ①In a word，it is necessary for us to learn to protect ourselves.‎ ‎ ②I feel sad. If we all do something for them，things will be sure to get better.‎ ‎ ③I believe we can certainly overcome the disaster with the public and the government working together.‎ ‎5. 新闻报道署名(byline)：在文章的最后注明新闻报道的作者及提供单位。 ‎ ‎1．新闻报道标题常用句式：‎ ‎ ①Xi jinping Meets Pakistani President ‎ ②After Sochi，Olympic Flame Heads to Brazil，South Korea，Japan ‎ ③184 Million Africans at Risk for Malaria ‎ ④Students Make Movies to Experience US History ‎ ⑤Chinese Electric Bus Company Charges into US ‎ ⑥Doctors Must Refuse Kickbacks ‎ ⑦Zhejiang，Jiangxi and Anhui Pioneer in Twochild Policy ‎2．新闻报道开头常用句式：‎ ‎ ①It is reported that...‎ ‎ ②According to the report...‎ ‎ ③A recent report shows/suggests/indicates...‎ ‎ ④During their oneweek stay in Shanghai，the students experienced the campus life of Chinese students.‎ ‎ ⑤It's likely that the famous sports star will also run with the torch.‎ ‎ ⑦Ten people from Sydney will soon arrive in...for...‎ ‎ ⑧On September 10，a party to celebrate...is to be held.‎ ‎ ⑨On the early morning of April 2，a big fire broke out in...‎ ‎ ⑩Now，a programme called...is going on in our school.‎ ‎3．新闻报道导语常用句式：‎ ‎ ①September 29，2011 saw China's first step towards building a space station.‎ ‎ ②On October 23，2011 a terrible earthquake struck the east of Turkey.‎ ‎4．新闻报道主体常用句式：‎ ‎ ①The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchuan county，Sichuan Province.‎ ‎ ②They had to put up tents because it was raining hard.‎ ‎ ③The government sent 3，000 firefighters and policemen there to help them move to a safe place.‎ ‎5．新闻报道结束语常用句式：‎ ‎ ①In a word，it is necessary for us to learn to protect ourselves.‎ ‎ ②I feel sad.If we all do something for them，things will be sure to get better.‎ ‎ ③I believe we can certainly overcome the disaster with the public and the government working together.‎ ‎ ‎2016年4月29日上午10点到11点，你们全校师生积极参与了阳光体育活动。‎ 教育部倡导学生：‎ ‎ 每天锻炼一小时 ‎ 健康工作五十年 ‎ 幸福生活一辈子 请你根据以上提示，用英语写一篇报道，向同学们讲述一下阳光体育活动的有关情况，并就高中学生是否需要每天花一小时锻炼谈谈你的看法及理由。‎ 注意：1.报道应包括以上所有信息，要有适当发挥；‎ ‎2．词数80左右。‎ ‎3．参考词汇：阳光体育活动：a student sports program；教育部：the Ministry of Education ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【审题谋篇】‎ 体裁 新闻报道 话题 讲述参加阳光体育活动的情况并讨论高中生是否需要锻炼的问题 时态 一般过去时 人称 第三人称为主，第一人称为辅 ‎【词汇热身】‎ ‎1．要求 ‎ ‎2．积极参加 ‎ ‎3．高级的 ‎ ‎4．渴望 ‎ ‎5．集中于，全神贯注 ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎ 1.demand for　 2.take an active part in/participate in/join in actively　‎ ‎ 3.senior　 4.be eager for/long for/desire for/be dying for/be thirsty for ‎ ‎ 5．concentrate on/fix one's attention on/focus on ‎【句式升级】‎ ‎1．Students should exercise for an hour every day.‎ ‎ Have good health and work fifty years and enjoy the whole life. (用so as to连接两个句子)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．Taking exercise builds up our body.‎ ‎ Taking exercise helps us concentrate on our study. (用not only...but also...连接两个句子)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. Students should exercise for an hour every day so as to have good health and work fifty years and enjoy the ‎ ‎ whole life.‎ ‎2．Not only does taking exercise build up our body but it also helps us concentrate on our study.‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ A Student Sports Program ‎ On the morning of April 29，2016，from 10：00 to 11：00，all the students in our school took an active part in a student sports program.‎ ‎ ‎