专题21+非谓语动词（二）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

专题21+非谓语动词（二）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

‎ ‎ 考点二 非谓语动词作宾语 ‎5. 用动名词的一些结构（这些结构中动名词一般作宾语）‎ 只能用动名词的结构有：be busy/through/worth, be used/accustomed to (习惯于…), look forward to, get down to, turn to, feel like, give up, can’t help, what/how about, devote…to, prefer…to…, have difficulty/trouble/problem/fun/a good/hard time, There is no use/need/good, It’s no use, when it comes to等。‎ 1. I didn't mean _________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it. (2018天津)‎ A. to eat；to try B. eating；trying C. eating；to try D. to eat； trying ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. When it comes to ________ in public, no one can match him. （2014江西）‎ A. speak B. speaking C. being spoken D. be spoken ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】when it comes to doing表示“说到做……”；speak表示“说”时是不及物动词，故用主动式。‎ ‎3. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _______ the right things to say. (2012上海)‎ A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】have trouble (in) doing sth是固定句型，意为“做某事有困难”。‎ ‎4. Lydia doesn’t feel like ______ abroad. Her parents are old. (2011四川)‎ A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】feel like后接动名词。‎ ‎6. 用不定式的一些结构 只能用带to的不定式的结构有：do/try one’s best, make up one’s mind, should/would like/love, be used (用于做…), prefer…rather than（不带to）, be said/supposed/reported, It’s better等；只能用不带to的不定式的结构有：would rather, had better, why not, can not but, can not help but, do anything/ everything/ nothing but,等。‎ ‎1. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _________ an even greater challenge. (2012陕西)‎ A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎2. The message is very important, so it is supposed _________ as soon as possible.（2010陕西）‎ A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】be supposed后要接不定式。message和send是被动关系，应用不定式的被动式。‎ ‎3. — It’s a long time since I saw my sister. ‎ ‎— __________ her this weekend? （2010 全国）‎ ‎ A. Why not visit B. Why not to visit ‎ C. Why not visiting D. Why don’t visit ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】提出建议可用Why not do ...? 或Why don’t you / we do ...? ‎ 考点三 非谓语动词作表语 不定式、动名词和分词都能作表语。近年高考主要考查分词作表语的情况。现在分词作表语主要表 示主动，过去分词表示被动。‎ ‎1. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________.（2014福建）‎ ‎ A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】句意：对于那些远离家乡的人们，电脑和手机对他们和家人保持联系很重要。Stay意为“保持”，是系动词，应用分词作表语。逻辑主语与connect是被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎2．While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty. （2014安徽）‎ A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】get是系动词，后接分词作表语。Henry和promote之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎3. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ______ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. (2010 福建)‎ A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎4. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. (2010四川)‎ A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】remain在此是系动词，后接分词作表语。逻辑主语ladies and gentlemen与seat之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ 考点四 非谓语动词作定语 不定式、动名词和分词都能作定语。近年来高考主要考查不定式和分词作定语，所以对动名词作定语不再赘述。‎ ‎1．分词作定语，现在分词多表示主动或进行，过去分词多表示被动或完成。‎ ‎1. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _______ with his students. （2017北京）‎ A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】作定语修饰time，表示被动和完成，应用过去分词。‎ ‎2. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _______ from butterflies to elephants. (2017北京)‎ A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】作定语，range是不及物动词，故用现在分词。‎ ‎3. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work. （2016江苏）‎ A. to hide B. hidden C. hiding D. being hidden 【答案】 B ‎【解析】作定语，修饰message，且message与hide是被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎4. The park was full of people _________ themselves in the sunshine. (2015北京)‎ A. having enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】作定语修饰people，表示主动和进行，应用现在分词。‎ ‎5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras to our shop for quality problems. (2014重庆)‎ ‎ A. returning B. returned C. to return D. to be returned ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】作定语修饰cameras，表示被动和完成，应用过去分词。‎ ‎6. There’s a note pinned to the door ______ when the shop will open again. （2014山东）‎ ‎ A. saying B. says C. said D. having said ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．不定式作定语与其所修饰的名词主要构成主谓关系、动宾关系和同位关系。构成主谓关系最明显的特征是名词前有序数词，或最高级修饰。不定式与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，如果不定式动词是不及物动词，则不定式动词后要加相应的介词。‎ ‎1. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _________. (2017天津)‎ A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。‎ ‎2. Volunteering gives you a chance __________ lives, including your own. (2013北京)‎ A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词构成同位关系。‎ ‎3. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ______ society for real life experience. (2013 上海)‎ A．explore B．to explore C．exploring D．explored ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词构成同位关系。‎ ‎3．表示将来的动作用不定式作定语。‎ ‎1. There are still many problems ________ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. (2014北京)‎ ‎ A. solving B. solved C. being solved D. to be solved ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】表示将来的动作，要用不定式；problems与solve是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。‎ ‎2. The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2013四川) A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed ‎ ‎ ‎3. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. (2012重庆)‎ A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】表示将来的动作，要用不定式；decision与make是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 巩固练习 ‎1. Accustomed to __________ the steep mountains, he had no difficulty reaching the top. ‎ ‎ A. climbing B. climb C. having climbed D. have climbed ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______ away. ‎ A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】这里是非谓语动词作定语，修饰warning，非谓语动词与warning是同位关系，故用不定式。‎ ‎3. The club, _______ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. ‎ A. founded B. founding C. being founded D. to be founded ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】这里是非谓语动词作定语，表示被动和完成，故用过去分词。‎ ‎4. “Genius” is a complicated concept, _______ many different factors. A. involved B. involving C. to involve D. being involved ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】这里是分词作非限制性定语。分词与其逻辑主语concept之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。‎ ‎5. Look over there — there’s a very long winding path ______ up to the house. ‎ ‎ A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】分词做定语，path与lead是主动关系，故用现在分词。‎ ‎6. The ability _______ an idea is as important as the idea itself. ‎ A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】ability后面的定语与其构成同位关系，应用不定式。the ability与express之间是主动关系，故用不定式的主动式。‎ ‎7. Please remain __________; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. ‎ A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】作表语，应用分词；逻辑主语(you)与seat是被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎8. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term. ‎ A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】不定式作定语，且与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，应用主动式。‎ ‎9. — The last one __________ pays the meal.‎ ‎— Agreed! ‎ ‎ A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving ‎ ‎ ‎10. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ______ in daily conversations.‎ ‎ A. using B. to use C. having used D. used ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】这里是分词做定语，words与use之间是被动关系，故意过去分词。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎